去年12月29日，浙江省诸暨市一甘肃籍高二学生展示一直用的浙江、甘肃两套教材。图/CFP Last December 29,,Zhuji city, zhejiang province GanSuJi a school students display have been use of zhejiang/Gansu two sets of teaching materials.Diagram/CFP

　　新京报讯 昨日，除西藏没有明确“进城务工人员随迁子女接受义务教育后在当地参加升学考试办法”（下称“异地高考”），其余30省（区、市）不同程度地公布了方案。

The Beijing news - yesterday,In addition to Tibet had no clear"Migrant workers SuiQian children receive compulsory education in local after in the entrance exam way"(Hereinafter referred to as"Different college entrance examination"),The rest of the 30 provinces(area/city)Different degree announced the plan.

　　此前，国务院办公厅转发文件要求，各省份“原则上2012年年底”公布“异地高考”方案。

after,The general office of the state council for forwarding documents,provinces"In principle, the end of 2012"announced"Different college entrance examination"scheme.

　　记者对比发现，有些省提出了对考生或父母的户籍限制。其中包括云南、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古、新疆等地，多集中于西部地区。

Reporters found that compared,Some provinces proposed to the students or their parents census register restrictions.Including yunnan/gansu/ningxia/Inner Mongolia/xinjiang,More focus on the western region.

　　

沪皖曾公开征求意见 Shanghai anhui has publicly for advice

　　2012年11月21日，安徽省教育厅公布《安徽省关于进城务工人员随迁子女接受义务教育后参加升学考试工作的实施意见》（公开征求意见稿），征求意见6天，2012年12月31日，由安徽省政府办公厅转发的正式文件里，将此文件更名为《进城务工人员随迁子女接受义务教育后参加升学考试暂行意见》。

On November 21, 2012,Anhui provincial published[Anhui province about migrant workers SuiQian children receive compulsory education to take the entrance exam work of the implementation opinions](Public draft),For advice and 6 days,On December 31, 2012,From anhui province government office forwarding official file,This document will be renamed[Migrant workers SuiQian children receive compulsory education to take the entrance exam provisional opinion].

　　而第二个公开征求意见的则是上海市。上海市的“异地高考”方案以《上海市居住证管理办法》为依据。虽然《上海市居住证管理办法》最终文本尚未确定，但这项法规于2012年11月22日进行了为期11天的公开征求意见环节。

The second of the public to solicit their opinions is Shanghai.the"Different college entrance examination"Plan to[Measures for the administration of Shanghai residence permit]Based on the.although[Measures for the administration of Shanghai residence permit]Finally the text has not yet been established,But the regulations in on November 22, 2012 for 11 days of the public to solicit their opinions link.

　　21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇认为，按照国家教育中长期规划纲要的规定，重大的教育决策都要广泛听取意见，是一个民主决策的过程。

The 21st century education research institute, vice President of the XiongBingJi think,According to the national education long-term planning of the provisions of the outline,Major education decision has widely listen to opinions,Is a democratic decision-making process.

　　熊丙奇认为，像“异地高考”这样影响非常大的教育政策出台前，一定要有征求意见，听取民意的过程。不然就会导致“门槛”随意性大等问题。

XiongBingJi think,like"Different college entrance examination"This influence is very big education policies before,Must have for advice,Listen to the process of public opinion.Otherwise it will cause"threshold"Optional the gender is big problems.

　　此外，政策决策只有“听取意见”还不够。还应提交人大来审议，充分讨论形成大家可接受的结果。

In addition,Policy decision only"opinions"enough.Should also be submitted to the National People's Congress for deliberation,Full discussion form all acceptable results.

　　

西部省区较容易落户 The western provinces in more easily

　　梳理发现，有些省提出了对考生或父母的户籍限制。比如云南、甘肃、内蒙古、新疆、青海等地。

Carding found,Some provinces proposed to the students or their parents census register restrictions.Such as yunnan/gansu/Inner Mongolia/xinjiang/qinghai.

　　青海省要求考生父母双方或一方及考生本人户口一并迁入青海省满五周年；新疆则要求本人及父母在疆有常住户口，且户口迁入新疆的时间不少于两年。

Qinghai province students one or both parents and students together with my account in the fifth anniversary of qinghai province;Xinjiang is request I and parents have permanent residence in xinjiang,And registered permanent residence in xinjiang time not less than two years.

　　熊丙奇认为，“户籍”限制主要出现在中西部省份。这些地区落户相对容易，提出户籍要求就相当于大城市的居住证要求。

XiongBingJi think,"Census register"Limit mainly appears in the central and western provinces.These areas are relatively easy to settle,Household registration requirements put forward is equivalent to big cities for residence permit.

　　熊丙奇说，这些中西部省份是高考录取政策倾斜较多的省份，高考录取分数线偏低，属于传统“高考移民”重灾区。因此，这些省对开放“异地高考”一直持谨慎态度。

XiongBingJi said,The Midwest provinces is the university entrance exam admission policy more provinces,The university entrance exam to admit fractional line is low,Belongs to traditional"College entrance examination immigrant"areas.so,These provinces to open"Different college entrance examination"Have been cautious attitude.

　　他说，这些省之所以要提到学籍户籍双证齐全，也是借鉴以往防止高考移民做法，防止学生把户籍迁出，在外地读书，再回到本地高考。

He said,The reason why these provinces to complete student census register double certificate,Before the college entrance examination immigration is reference to prevent it,To prevent the students move out of census register,Away at school,Back to the local college entrance examination.

　　

1 门槛设置 1 the threshold setting

　　

社保“门槛”多为3年 Social security"threshold"For more than 3 years

　　记者发现，北京、天津公布的是“过渡方案”；而贵州、安徽均为“暂行”；辽宁、湖北、海南等则称之为“试行”方案。同时，新疆的方案只针对2013年非新疆户籍往届中职毕业生，满足条件参加高职高考；内蒙古也是出台2014年前的方案。 在门槛上，安徽、福建、浙江、山东、江西五省份未对需“异地高考”的考生父母（或法定监护人）提出条件。

Reporter discovery,Beijing/Tianjin is released"Transition scheme";And guizhou/Anhui are"interim";liaoning/hubei/Hainan and call it"trial"scheme.At the same time,Xinjiang's plan is only for 2013 years the xinjiang household go to graduate school,To meet the requirements of higher vocational college entrance examination;Inner Mongolia is also 2014 years ago on the scheme. On the threshold,anhui/fujian/zhejiang/shandong/Jiangxi five provinces to need not"Different college entrance examination"Candidates parents(Or legal guardian)Put forward conditions.

　　社保方面，北京、上海、广东等11省不同程度地对考生父母提出了社保要求。其中，天津、上海社保年限尚未明确，其余省份社保年限多为3年。

Social security aspects,Beijing/Shanghai/Guangdong province and different degree to the parents put forward social security requirements.the,tianjin/Shanghai's life has not yet clear,The rest of the provinces of social security for 3 years.

　　另有8省份并未明确提出父母或监护人的工作要求，有6省份未提及父母或监护人住所要求。

Another eight provinces did not put forward the service requirements of the parents or guardian,There are six provinces not mention parents or guardian residence requirements.

　　而学籍“门槛”上，多是对学生提出3年学籍要求，但江西提出只要高中一年学习经历并获得学籍即可，河南只提到获得学籍，并未提及学习年限的时间限制。

Students and"threshold"on,Many of the students is put forward three years for students,But as long as a year of high school in jiangxi province proposed learning experience and gain can be student,Henan only mentioned student obtain,Did not mention the time limit for the period of schooling.

　　

【解读】 [reading]

　　熊丙奇：“异地高考”出台过渡、暂行或试行方案，体现出各地积极探索的态度，但也说明这是当地政府正在寻找平衡点。

XiongBingJi:"Different college entrance examination"On transition/Provisional or trial implementation scheme,All reflect the active exploration attitude,But also states that this is the local government is looking for balance.

　　此时，地方在推行过程中，如果遇到开放导致了高考移民或本地户籍人口的不满情绪问题，也可随时对“门槛”进行调整。

At this time,Place in the implementation process,If meet the open led to the college entrance examination immigration or local census register population discontent problem,Also may at any time to"threshold"adjusted.

　　即使未提出试行或暂行方案的地区，也可能会根据推行程度来调整具体的门槛。

Even if did not put forward tentative plan implementation or areas,Also may according to the degree of implementation to adjust the threshold of the concrete.

　　而这些门槛设置，就包括学籍、父母身份和报考学校层次等。这背后是流动人口的多少，以及教育资源的差别和权衡高考移民的问题。

And these threshold Settings,Students including/Parents identity and enter oneself for an examination the school level, etc.Behind this is how much of the floating population,And education resources difference and weigh the college entrance examination immigration problem.

　　

2 实施年限 2 implementation of

　　

20省今年有条件放开 Twenty province this year conditional release

　　目前，有20省份在今年就将有条件放开“异地高考”。这些省份涉及安徽、江苏、广西、云南、重庆、浙江、江西、湖南、湖北、河南、山西、河北、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、天津、广东（高职）和新疆（往届中职生考高职）和内蒙古。其中有的省份实现了随迁子女满足条件后与当地考生同等报考录取条件，而有的省份则还只能针对高职（天津、广东和新疆），或省属高校（云南的部分非滇籍随迁子女考生），而不能填报高水平大学。

At present,Have twenty provinces in this year will be conditional release"Different college entrance examination".In the provinces of anhui/jiangsu/guangxi/yunnan/chongqing/zhejiang/jiangxi/hunan/hubei/henan/shanxi/hebei/heilongjiang/jilin/liaoning/tianjin/guangdong(Higher vocational)And xinjiang(Go to secondary vocational students in higher vocational test)And Inner Mongolia.Some of these provinces to realize the SuiQian children meet the requirements and local candidates equal to enter oneself for an examination admission conditions,And some provinces are also can be aimed at higher vocational(tianjin/Guangdong and xinjiang),Or provincial universities(Yunnan part of yunnan SuiQian not by the children),But can't fill a high-level university.

　　而贵州、福建、上海、四川、宁夏、陕西（高职）、山东和海南则要等到2014年有条件放开“异地高考”。

And guizhou/fujian/Shanghai/sichuan/ningxia/shaanxi(Higher vocational)/Shandong province and hainan will wait until 2014 conditional release"Different college entrance examination".

　　

【解读】 [reading]

　　熊丙奇：在“异地高考”的执行上，各地在公布方案后，应该给地方一个适应期限，设立实施年限，从决策的角度看，是没有问题的。

XiongBingJi:in"Different college entrance examination"On the implementation of,In all published after the scheme,Should give place to a time limit,Establishment of implementation,From the perspective of decision-making,There is no problem.

　　但关键问题是，在过渡期结束后一些地方能不能拿出正式方案。

But the key problem is,In the transitional period in some places can take out a formal plan.

　　等到了各地制定的“异地高考”时间节点，就要看各地能不能真正落实各自的政策承诺。

Wait to set all over"Different college entrance examination"Time node,Will look at the can really carry out the policy of their commitment.

　　更进一步的问题是，各地应该进一步加大异地考开放的力度。除了现有的方案要执行之外，还要推行能够解决“异地高考”治本之策。

Further the problem is,All should further intensify efforts to open different test.In addition to the existing scheme outside to perform,To implement can be solved"Different college entrance examination"Permanent cure.

　　

3 开放程度 3 open degree

　　

超20省异地生无差别招录 Over twenty provinces different raw ZhaoLu indifference

　　除了上海和广东，有23个省份在制定“异地高考”政策时，将最终的目标设定在与省域内考生的考试录取问题上，无差别或无特别限制性对待。

In addition to Shanghai and guangdong,There are 23 provinces in making"Different college entrance examination"policy,Will the final goal setting in and the provinces in the domain of the enrollment issues,Indifference or no special restrictive treat.

　　这22个省份包括山东、河南、河北、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、浙江、江西、湖南、湖北、贵州、安徽、福建、内蒙古、山西、陕西、江苏、广西、云南、四川、重庆、甘肃和海南。

The 22 provinces including shandong/henan/hebei/heilongjiang/jilin/liaoning/zhejiang/jiangxi/hunan/hubei/guizhou/anhui/fujian/Inner Mongolia/shanxi/shaanxi/jiangsu/guangxi/yunnan/sichuan/chongqing/Gansu province and hainan.

　　只不过有些省份对这种无差别对待，提出了前提条件。比如海南省则需要考生有6年学籍，其父母有6年社保、6年居住。

Just some provinces to the common treatment,Puts forward the premise condition.Such as hainan requires the student 6 years,The parents have 6 years social security/6 years living.

　　

【解读】 [reading]

　　熊丙奇：异地高考应该确定的基本原则，一是就地高考、就地录取，另一个是所有学生平等录取。

XiongBingJi:Different college entrance examination should be the basic principles of the,One is the local college entrance examination/In situ admission,The other one is all students admitted to equality.

　　但是有些地方实行的就地高考、异地录取，以及有限开放高职院校录取或三本录取，这就是设置门槛的做法。

But in some places in the college entrance examination/Different admission,And limited open higher vocational colleges admission or three this admission,This is the practice of setting threshold.

　　当然，政策也是考虑到当地生源利益和外来生源利益的平衡，比如广东，本身是一个生源大省，但资源少，如果没有足够的高考指标协调，当地考生肯定会反对无差别放开，我想广东的这种限制，也是出于如何将高考指标协调到位并进行衔接的考虑。

Of course,Policy is also considering the local students interests and the interests of the foreign students balance,Such as guangdong,Itself is a big province of students,But less resources,If there is no enough college entrance examination index coordination,Local candidates will against common let go,I want to guangdong the restrictions,Also from how to coordinate the college entrance examination index and cohesion in consideration.

　　

4 借考服务 4 JieKao service

　　

北上广提供借考服务 North JieKao wide to provide services

　　目前，北京、上海和广东等流动人口比较密集的省份，在方案中均提出非户籍人口“借考”的做法，来解决进城务工人员随迁子女接受义务教育后的“高考”。

At present,Beijing/Shanghai and guangdong provinces of the floating population is concentrated,In the scheme were put forward the census register population"JieKao"practice,To solve the migrant workers SuiQian accept compulsory education of the children after"College entrance examination".

　　比如上海提出，对不符合上海普通高校招生条件的进城务工人员随迁子女，“待教育部出台相关文件”规定、经学生户籍所在省份同意后，可在沪参加普通高校招生考试借考，由学生户籍所在省份负责录取。

Such as Shanghai put forward,To conform to the Shanghai normal university enrollment conditions of migrant workers SuiQian children,"For the ministry of education has issued relevant documents"provisions/By the student to household province,Can be in Shanghai to participate in ordinary university recruitment of students test JieKao,By the students of census register province admissions.

　　而广东则提出，自2014年起，对不符合在广东报考条件的进城务工人员随迁子女，经户籍所在地省级招生办同意，可在广东借考，但须回到户籍所在省（市）参加录取。

And guangdong is put forward,Since 2014,Does not meet the conditions in guangdong enter oneself for an examination of rural migrant workers in SuiQian children,The census register seat provincial admission office agreed to,Can JieKao in guangdong,But must return to census register of the province(city)Admitted to.

　　

【解读】 [reading]

　　熊丙奇：不太赞成借考的做法，异地高考，就是异地借考，就地录取。如果推行借考，必须要有国家来主导，教育部门要出台有关“借考”的具体文件。

XiongBingJi:Don't quite agree with JieKao practice,Different college entrance examination,Is different JieKao,In situ admission.If the implementation of the JieKao,Must have a country to leading,Education department should publish relevant"JieKao"Specific file.

　　目前，不同省份间的考题可能不一样，考分也会不一样，如何进行换算？而且借考也涉及到各地录取指标不同、教育资源不均衡和质量不同的问题，有人可能会借用这种差异，到教育质量高的地方高考，回到教育质量并不高的地方录取，这对当地考生也未必公平。另外，借考操作起来可能也比较麻烦，对家长和考生而言，还不如回到原籍考试。

At present,Between the different provinces questions may be different,Test scores will be different,How to carry on the conversion?And JieKao also relates to admit all different indicators/Education resources imbalance and quality of different problems,One might use such differences,To the education quality of the local college entrance examination,Back to the education quality is not high place admission,The local candidates is not fair.In addition,JieKao operation up may be more troublesome,For parents and students in,As the return to their home test.