全球知名的学习公司培生集团近日在它与中国教育出版传媒集团联合主办的教育论坛上，发布了一份名为《国家/地区教育绩效启示》的报告。其中指出：正如芬兰和韩国这两个教育强国展示出的不同方法一样，通往教育成功的道路有千万条。

The world famous learning company Pearson recently in it and China education publication medium group co-hosted education on the BBS,Released a name[Country/region education performance enlightenment]report.Which points out that:As Finland and South Korea the two education power show different methods,Education leads to the success of the road there are ten million reasons.

　　这份报告同时提醒各国政府官员，在寻求解决方案的过程中，“需要谦逊一些”，要牢记正规教育机构的能力有限。它引用德国慕尼黑大学经济系教授沃斯曼因的话说：“很多事情(学术成功的决定因素)都不是政府行为所能控制的，更多地取决于千家万户和社会的运作方式。”

The report also remind governments officials,In the process of seeking solutions,"Need some humble",Must bear in mind that the formal education institutions ability is limited.It quoted Munich university department of economics professor walter weisman for words:"A lot of things(Academic success determinants)Is not the government behavior can control,Thousands of families and society more depends on the way of operating."

疯狂课外班让韩国学生最痛苦 Crazy extracurricular class let south Korean students the most painful

平等教育让芬兰才子难出头 Equal education let Finland wit in difficult

　　这份报告由英国杂志《经济学人》信息部编写，是名为《学习曲线》的广泛定量定性分析计划的一部分。“学习曲线数据库”汇集了覆盖全球50多个国家、地区的大量有关教育投入和产出的国际可比数据。这些数据的提供方都参加过PISA或TIMSS(指国际数学和科学评测趋势)测试。由于在认知能力和教育程度两个方面都采取了强有力的措施，芬兰和韩国在教育指数上遥遥领先其他国家/地区。报告的编写者们试图发掘这两国教育系统之间的共同规律，但发现了二者之间的千差万别。

The report by the British magazine[economist]Information department to write,Is called[Learning curve]Wide quantitative qualitative analysis part of the plan."Learning curve database"Collected in more than fifty countries worldwide/A large number of areas relevant education input and output of the international comparable data.These data provide party had taken part in PISA or TIMSS(Refers to the international math and science evaluation trend)test.The cognitive ability and education level are the two aspects to take strong measures,Finland and South Korea in the education index far ahead of other countries/regions.The report of the writers try to discover the two countries education system between the common law,But found between the differ in thousands ways.

　　譬如，人们通常认为韩国的教育是应试教育，有严格的课程安排，以死记硬背的知识为教学重点。韩国教育系统在学习上花费的时间惊人。结束学校一天的课程后，大部分学生都会去私立学校或私人培训中心上课。根据OECD(经济合作与发展组织)的数据，2009年，韩国15岁学生中有68%的学生在私立学校学习韩语；77%的学生学习数学；57%的学生学习自然科学；还有67%的学生在学习其他科目。近年来，韩国政府开始担心这些课外学习过于繁重，规定私人培训中心晚上10点后必须停业，但政府仍需派出警力巡逻，以关闭那些打着自修馆幌子实际上进行非法培训的私人培训中心。

Such as,People usually think that South Korea's education is takes an exam the education,Have strict course arrangement,To cram knowledge for teaching important points.Korean education system in the study and the time it takes to amazing.Over the course of a day after school,Most of the students will go to private schools or private training center in class.According to the OECD(Organization for economic cooperation and development)data,In 2009,,South Korea 15 students have 68% of students at a private school learning Korean;77% of the students study mathematics;57% of the students study science;And 67% of the students in learning other subjects.In recent years,The south Korean government began to worry that the learning was too heavy,Provisions private training center after ten o 'clock at night must be out of business,But the government still needs to send police patrol,To close the cover with self-education library in training for illegal private training center.

　　而芬兰教育系统，在哈佛大学教育研究生院的舒华兹教授眼里，“是一个优秀的学校系统，孩子们入学时间较晚，上课时间很短，而且没有家庭作业，老师也很少站在教室前面的讲台上授课。据估算，意大利的孩子要比芬兰的孩子多上3年学。”PISA数据也显示，芬兰学生很少上课外辅导班。报告指出，芬兰的教育系统更关注如何帮助孩子更好地理解和应用知识，而不仅仅是对课本知识死记硬背。这种做法得到国际教育行业的普遍赞誉。

Finland education system,At Harvard University graduate school of education ShuHua this professor's eyes,"Is a good school system,The children admission time is late,Class time is very short,And no homework,The teacher also rarely stand in the front of the classroom teaching platform.It is estimated,Italian children than the Finnish children 3 years to learn more."PISA data also show,Finnish students rarely outside the class.The report says,The Finnish education system more focus on how to help children better understanding and application of knowledge,Not only is the textbook knowledge by rote.This kind of practice for international education industry's universal praise.

　　韩国以不同于芬兰的方式取得了教育上的成功，代价是学生们的快乐。报告指出，研究经常发现，在经济合作与发展组织的所有国家中，韩国青少年是最不快乐的。芬兰的教育也绝非完美：平等主义教育系统只能确保所有学生平均成绩总体较好，却无法帮助那些极富才华的学生发挥其潜能。

South Korea in different way in Finland has made education success,The price is the students happy.The report says,Research often find,In the organization for economic cooperation and development in all countries,South Korea youth is the most unhappy.The Finnish education also is not perfect:Egalitarianism education system can ensure that all students average overall is good,But can't help those highly talented students develop their capabilities.

　　细心的研究者还是发现了这两个迥异的教育系统的共同之处，包括政府对教育行业重要性的认可，以及在教师的招聘和培训方面所作出的努力。此外，两国教育系统都注重培养学生的远大抱负和强烈责任感。但两国对此的传授却各不相同。“在韩国，责任感主要通过测试进行推动，而在芬兰，责任感则是来自同龄压力的一种个人理想信念，但效果是非常相似的。”

Careful the researchers still found the two different education system in common,Including the government education industry recognition of the importance of,And the teacher recruitment and training efforts.In addition,The two countries education system of cultivating the students' great ambition and strong sense of responsibility.But the two countries the teach are different."In South Korea,The sense of responsibility is mainly through the test drive,In Finland,The sense of responsibility is peer pressure is a personal ideal and belief,But the effect is very similar."

吸引最优秀的人成为教师 To attract the best people to become teachers

应成为各国教育系统的追求 All countries should be the pursuit of education system

　　尽管，没有一剂药方能适用于所有国家/地区的教育改革，但“教师至关重要”这一观点已获广泛共识。

although,Not a dose of medicine to be applicable to all countries/regions of the education reform,but"The teacher is very important"This view has been broad consensus.

　　报告提及最近一项基于覆盖约250万美国儿童数据的研究，它发现：抛开其他因素影响，那些外界认定教学效果更好的老师所教的学生更有可能“读大学、进入名牌院校、获得更高工资、住在高级社区(获得更高的社会经济地位)以及拥有更多的退休储蓄。同时，青少年怀孕的几率也更低”。

Mention a recent report based on covering about 2.5 million American children data research,It found that:Despite the other factors,The outside world that the teaching effect better teachers teach students more likely"college/Enter the famous universities/Higher wages/Live in senior community(Higher socioeconomic status)And have more retirement savings.At the same time,Teenage pregnancy probability is lower".

　　报告认为，吸引最优秀的人才成为教师应该成为各国教育系统的努力追求。吸纳优秀教师从招贤纳士开始。报告以芬兰和韩国这两个常被引为教育成功的典范为例，它们每年分别从排名前10%和5%的优秀毕业生中招收教师。“在这种情况下，金钱可以起到一定的作用，但它并不仅仅是一个诱因，而且还是表明教育地位的信号”。报告说，韩国政府为教师支付高工资(其教师的平均工资是全国平均工资的两倍以上)，体现了教师工作的重要性。但令人意外的是，研究发现，教师的薪资与教育成果关联甚微。在学习曲线库的数据中，各级教育的教师最高和最低薪资(以占国民平均收入的百分比计)与认知能力的传授(以标准国际测试衡量)都没有长期关联。加拿大学习委员会前任主席卡彭先生在接受《经济学人》信息部的访谈时表示：“教师必须获得合理的高薪，但工资与其他因素相比显得微不足道。”

The report says,To attract the best talent to become teachers should became the various countries' education system to pursue.Attracting outstanding teachers making from the start.Report to Finland and South Korea the two often cited for education model of success, as an example,They each year respectively from the top 10% and 5% of the outstanding graduates recruit teachers."In this case,Money can play a certain role,But it is not just an incentive,But also shows that education status of the signal".The report said,The south Korean government for teachers to pay higher wages(The teacher's average wage is the national more than twice as much as the average wage),Reflects the importance of teachers' work.But surprisingly,The study found that,Teachers' salary and education achievements little relevance.In the learning curve library data,At all levels of education teacher maximum and minimum salary(With the national average income of the percentage of the meter)And cognitive ability of teaching(As a standard to measure the international test)All have no long-term association.The Canadian study committee former chairman Mr Carpenter in accept[economist]Information department said the interview:"The teacher must obtain reasonable high salary,But wages and other factors appear insignificant compared."

　　这些因素包括“提供合适的培训”以及“把教师当作专业人士来对待”。报告认为，教师培训需要坚持不懈。因为没有哪位老师在大学所学的课程能完全适应几十年的工作内容。前国际劳工组织教育部专员赖特里先生指出：“持续的专业发展和专业自主可以成为提升学习成果的强大动因。”他也认为，教师必须被视为有决断力的专业人士，而不仅仅是技术人员。

These factors include"Provide appropriate training"and"The teacher as a professional personage to treat".The report says,Teacher training need perseverance.Because no teachers in university studies can fully meet the decades of work content.Former international labor organization, the ministry of education specialist Mr Wright pointed out:"Continuing professional development and professional autonomy can be learning achievements of powerful motivation."He also thought that,Teachers must be considered as a determination professionals,Not just technical personnel.

如何让学生从容面对不确定的未来 How to let the student calm in the face of uncertain future

　　好的教育能让个人和国家受益，这一点毫无疑问。研究甚至发现，在大多数国家/地区，人的知识水平与其预期寿命密切相关。研究人员查阅大量文献并统计后还发现，一个人受教育的年限越长，其在“婚姻和育儿”方面作出的决定会更明智。教育还会让人更有耐心、目标更明确，并且降低参与冒险活动的可能性。研究比较有代表性地表明，教育时间每增加一年，年收益就增加8%～10%。

A good education can make personal and national benefit,There is no doubt about it.Research found that even,In most countries/regions,The person's knowledge level than expected life closely related.The researchers consulting a large number of literature and statistics that,A man is education of the longer life,the"Marriage and parenting"Aspects of the decision will be more wise.Education will make people have more patience/Target more specific,And reduce the possibility of in adventure.Study more typically show,Education for every gain a year,Annual earnings will increase by 8% ~ 10%.

　　但以下这个结论值得注意：受教育年限超出学生最终所从事职业的需求会大幅降低教育回报。世界银行的一项研究表明，发展中国家、地区的小学教育回报明显下降，原因可能是许多国家、地区在教授识字和算术这样的基本课程上花费的时间过长。

But the conclusion is worth attention:By the education of students' final beyond in occupational demand will be significantly lower education returns.The world bank according to a study,Developing countries/Areas of the primary school education return declined obviously,May be due to many countries/The professor in literacy and arithmetic such basic course spend too long.

　　哪些适当的教育内容最能确保未来经济增长？如何更好地增强学生实力，让他们从容面对不确定的未来？报告认为，这些问题也是一些比较成功的学校系统(特别是在亚洲)改革工作的重点。

What are the appropriate education content most can ensure that the future economic growth?How to improve students' strength,Let them calm in the face of uncertain future?The report says,These problems and some of the more successful the school system(Especially in Asia)The focus of the reform.

　　新加坡国家教育研究院院长李盛光教授在接受访谈时说：“如今很多职位头衔都是1995年没有的，很多技能也都是新出现的。我们预计，这种趋势在未来会发展得很快。”在过去的10多年中，新加坡教育部一直致力于对未来形势的预测，以便确定接下来几年可能需要的技能，并相应地调整教学内容。一个重大的变化是，据李盛光教授介绍，自1997年以来，新加坡教育开始从教授死记硬背的知识转变为扎实奠定数学、自然科学和文学基础，同时教会学生如何理解和应用信息。“我们认为这种转变有助于学生获取知识、认知能力和创新能力，这些都是 21 世纪极其重要的人才素质”。

Singapore's national education research institute President LiChengGuang professor in an interview:"Nowadays many position title is not 1995,A lot of skills are also new.We expect,This trend will continue in the future development quickly."In the past ten years,Singapore ministry of education has been committed to the future situation of prediction,In order to determine the next few years may need skills,And correspondingly adjust the teaching content.A major change is,According to professor LiChengGuang is introduced,Since 1997,Singapore education started from professor rote knowledge into lay solid mathematics/Natural science and literature basis,At the same time, teach the students how to understand and apply information."We think this change will help students acquire knowledge/Cognitive ability and innovation ability,These are very important in the 21st century talents quality".

教育改革没有万灵之药 Education reform not all spirit of medicine

　　《国家/地区教育绩效启示》为各国的教育政策制定者提供了5点启示

[Country/region education performance enlightenment]For national education policy makers provides five enlightenment

　　一、没有万灵之药。研究发现，单靠为教育投入资金很少能取得成果，而单靠对教育系统进行个别改革(无论多明智)也很少能取得大的成效。教育需要整个系统范围内长期、一致和集中的关注才能获得提高。

a/Not all the spirit of medicine.The study found that,Alone for education investment rarely achievements,And single on education system reform of the individual(No matter how wise)Rarely can make great effect.Education need the whole system bounds for a long time/Consistent and focused attention to obtain improve.

　　二、尊师重道。优秀的教师对高品质教育至关重要。发掘并留住他们并不是薪水高低的问题。相反，教师需要被当作有价值的专业人士，而不是教育大机器中的一个技术人员来对待。

two/Honour teachers and esteem truth.Good teachers to high quality education is very important.Develop and keep them and not the problem of high and low salary.instead,Teachers need to be as valuable professionals,Rather than education big machine in a technical personnel to treat.

　　三、文化可以被改变。教育系统所处的文化假定和价值观氛围所具有的支持力或破坏力比教育系统本身还要大。使用这一文化中的积极因素并根据需要努力改变消极因素对引导成功的成果非常重要。

three/Culture can be changed.Education system in a cultural assumption and values atmosphere is the supportiveness or destructive power than education system itself also big.Using the culture of the positive factors and negative factors according to the need to change to lead successful achievement is very important.

　　四、家长既不是教育的敌人，也不是教育的救星。家长无非是希望他们的子女获得良好的教育，因此来自家长的变革压力不应该被视为敌意的信号，相反，这其实表明教育资源供给可能存在某些缺陷。另一方面，家长的投入和选择也不是灵丹妙药。教育系统应该尽力使家长掌握最新动态，并与他们携手并进。

four/Parents is not the enemy of education,Education is not the savior.Parents only hope their children to get good education,So the change of pressure from parents should not be regarded as the hostility of the signal,instead,It shows that education resource supply there may be some defects.On the other hand,Parents of input and choice is not a panacea.Education system should try our best to make the parents have a good grasp of the latest dynamic,And they hand in hand.

　　五、教育要面向未来，而非仅关注当下。如今的许多职位以及担任这些职位所需的技能在20年前根本不存在。教育系统需要考虑现在的学生在未来需要哪些技能，然后相应地传授这些技能。 本报记者 李斌

five/Education should be geared to the needs of the future,Not only the attention.Now many position as the position and the skills needed in the twenty years ago doesn't exist.Education system needs to consider now students skills necessary in the future,Then correspondingly teach these skills. Our reporter li bin