广东异地高考方案 Guangdong college entrance examination different scheme

“换汤不换药”？ "Mutton dressed as lamb"?

　　根据这份“异地高考”方案，比较公认的解释是：广东以2013年、2014年、2016年为三个时间节点，分步骤分层次解决外来务工人员随迁子女在广东高考的问题。到2016年，外来工符合稳定工作、稳定住所等多个条件者，其子女在广东参加中考并在父母就业所在城市具有高中阶段3年完整学籍的可参加高考。其他不符合条件的可以在广东“借考”但需回乡录取。同时，同步要求各地市于2013年出台异地中考政策，并于当年开始实施。根据《通知》，广东进城务工人员随迁子女就地参加升学考试，其资格认定将与父母职业的合法稳定性、稳定居住年限、参加社保年限以及随迁子女学籍年限挂钩。

According to the"Different college entrance examination"scheme,Is generally accepted explanation is:Guangdong in 2013/In 2014,/2016 for three time node,Step hierarchically solve migrant workers SuiQian children in guangdong college entrance examination question.By 2016,Migrant workers with stable work/Stable shelter, and other conditions,The children in guangdong in tests and in their parents' employment city high school stage 3 years students complete can participate in college entrance examination.Other do not conform to the conditions in guangdong"JieKao"But need to be admitted to return home.At the same time,Synchronous requires all city in 2013 different tests on policy,And in the implementation of the start.According to the[notice],Guangdong migrant workers SuiQian children in situ in the entrance exam,The qualification will and parents professional legal stability/Stable living life/To participate in social life and SuiQian school children of hook.

　　但是，“异地高考”真正实施恐怕要到2016年。据《通知》显示，“异地高考”的条件如下：经县(市、区)人民政府主管部门认定的在广东省具有合法稳定职业、合法稳定住所(含租赁)并连续3年以上持有广东省居住证、按国家规定在广东省参加社会保险累计3年以上的进城务工人员，其随迁子女在广东省参加中考并在父母就业所在城市具有高中阶段3年完整学籍的，可在广东省报名参加高考，并可与广东省户籍考生同等录取。

but,"Different college entrance examination"Implementation of the real, I'm afraid it will take until 2016.According to[notice]display,"Different college entrance examination"Conditions as follows:The county(city/area)The competent department of the people's government of guangdong province as the lawful stable occupation/Stable legal residence(Including leasing)And continuous 3 years hold guangdong residence permit/According to the provisions of the state in guangdong province to participate in social insurance accumulated 3 years of migrant workers,The SuiQian children in guangdong province to participate in tests and in their parents' employment city high school stage 3 years students complete,Can sign up to participate in college entrance examination in guangdong province,And with the guangdong province census register the same admission.

　　这份《通知》中，最大的亮点莫过于“借考”制度的推出，但它的可操作性却受到各方质疑。如中山大学教授冯增俊所说："借考’虽然是个灵活的选择，但由于中国高考实行‘分省命题’，教材、试题不尽相同，在A省参加考试的分数又如何折算为B省的标准？”而在“借考”的具体配套方案暂未出炉的现状下，“本地高考，异地录取”的承诺，更像是一张换汤不换药、无法兑现的空头支票。因此，它也被很多人讥作“不够诚意”。

the[notice]in,The biggest bright spot is"JieKao"System introduced,But it was all the maneuverability of the question.Such as sun yat-sen university professor FengZengJun said:"JieKao’Although is an agile choice,But because of China's college entrance examination practice‘Points province proposition’,materials/Item is not the same,In A province to participate in the test scores and how to convert to B provincial standards?"And in"JieKao"Specific supporting scheme is not a temporary situation,"Local college entrance examination,Different admission"commitment,More like a piece of mutton dressed as lamb/Unable to meet the blank check.so,It has also been a lot of ridiculed for"Enough sincerity".

本地状况 Local conditions

深圳“异地高考”形势 shenzhen"Different college entrance examination"situation

具有地域特殊性 With regional characteristics

　　不管“异地高考”方案到底是不是诚意欠奉，在官方解释尚未明确之时，深圳民间便已发起了一场“异地高考”的微博辩论赛。去年12月30日，也正是“广东省异地高考方案”发布的当天，深圳知名网络评论员老亨、专栏作家王世泰、深圳深商研究会副秘书长南云楼、深职院资深教师邓世旺等会聚一堂，掀起激辩，站在民间意见领袖的立场上对“异地高考”落地深圳的趋势、可操作性等作出了展望。

No matter"Different college entrance examination"The scheme is sincerity owe to serve,In the official has not been clearly explain when,Shenzhen folk has launched a"Different college entrance examination"Micro bo debate.Last December 30,,is"Guangdong college entrance examination different scheme"Issued on the day of the,Shenzhen well-known network commentators old heng/WangShiTai columnist/Shenzhen deep business research association deputy secretary-general south cloud floor/Deep vocational-technical college senior teachers DengShiWang gather, etc,Contend a shock,Standing in the folk opinion leader position on"Different college entrance examination"Be born shenzhen trend/Operability, etc are described.

　　由于“留守儿童”、“移民家庭”、“借读”现象频繁，深圳推行“异地高考”的呼声一度最高。而外来务工者的就业权、置业权陆续“尘埃落定”后，其后代教育、升学机制等便成为社会关注的焦点。正如老亨所说：“异地高考与异地务工、异地求学、异地置业一样，是中国城市化现代化一部分，大势所趋，理所当然。吸引异地务工人员，解决留守儿童问题，必须解决异地上学、异地高考问题。城市化红利最丰的深圳应当毫不犹豫，率先在异地高考方面寻求突破，没有任何借口可找。”据官方统计，深圳常住人口中，约有798万人是非户籍人口，占常住总人口的77%，通过这个数据，老亨判断，深圳也应成为“异地高考”的“特区”，满足日益庞大的非户籍人口的教育需求及升学需求。

because"Left-behind children"/"Immigrant family"/"unwelcome"Phenomenon frequently,Shenzhen implementation"Different college entrance examination"Call was the highest.And the employment of migrant laborers/House purchasing power has"Dust settled"after,Their offspring education/Bound mechanism has become the focus of attention of the society.As the old heng said:"The college entrance examination and other foreign workers/Different school/Different real estate as,Is China's urbanization modernization part,The trend of The Times,granted.To attract foreign migrant workers,Solve the left-behind children problem,Different school must be solved/Different college entrance examination questions.Urbanization is the most abundant bonus shenzhen shall be without hesitation,Took the lead in the different aspects of the breakthrough in the college entrance examination,No any excuse can find."According to official statistics,Shenzhen permanent population,About 7.98 million people are the household register population,The permanent accounts for 77% of the total population,Through the data,Old Henry judgment,Shenzhen should also be"Different college entrance examination"of"zone",Meet the huge non census register population education demand and student demand.

　　但按照目前的高考政策，考试和录取均是以“省”为单位，不可能精确到市、县一级，依目前现状，深圳似乎难以在异地高考政策上凸显与其他广东县市的区别，打造所谓的“高考特区”更难觅可操作性。

But according to the current college entrance examination policy,Examination and admission is all"province"As the unit,Could not accurate to the city/County level,According to the present situation,Shenzhen appeared to be in different places on the college entrance examination policy highlights and other counties of guangdong difference,Make so-called"College entrance examination zone"No more maneuverability.

　　那么，面对“异地高考”的当下格局，深圳目前可以“落地”操作的实际动作有哪些？王世泰认为，户籍改革先行或许更加对应深圳目前的实情：“深圳作为改革前沿先锋城市，享有‘先行先试’的授权，为什么不能脱出窠臼，探索前行？庞大的常住人口只有区区少数能加入深圳户籍，客观上加剧了深圳‘异地高考’的严峻性……公民权利中，同等享受教育权利，是重要内容之一。至于能否进入某城某校就读，设定公平‘门槛’至要，而不应以户籍区别来作为界限！户籍制度改革，是势之所趋。”这一点，也得到许多在座嘉宾的附议。

so,In the face of"Different college entrance examination"The present pattern,Shenzhen at present can"landing"Operation of the actual action what?WangShiTai think,Reform of the household registration first maybe more corresponding shenzhen present the truth:"Shenzhen as reform front pioneer city,enjoy‘First try first’authorized,Why not disengage path,Exploration forward?Large permanent population only a few can join shenzhen census register,Shenzhen objectively increased‘Different college entrance examination’The austerity of the……Civil rights in,Enjoy the same right to education,Is one of the important content.As for a city can enter the school,Set fair‘threshold’To want to,And should not to census register difference as a limit!Household register system reform,Is the potential to."this,Also get a lot of all guest seconded.

　　但在“户籍改革”火候未至、“异地高考”趋势未明的现状下，也有人启动“第三种方案”。譬如，一些地产商推出相对廉价的学位房，吸引中等收入的异地家庭购买、落户。如某深圳大型地产营销经理李丽珺所说：“廉价、优惠学位房可以将优质的教育资源、住宿资源、落户广东的户籍条件统归在一起，是解决‘异地高考’问题更实在的一种策略。”王世泰也表达了近似的意见：“可否立足现实，在渐行变革的总体方向下，寻求公共资源和民间力量结合的路径？比如，让财团出资，在深圳的中端住宅中引入知名学府，提供和培育更多教育资源，以纾解矛盾、纾缓社会焦虑？”这，或许是解决当下外来务工人员子女入学问题的“折中”方案之一。

But in"Reform of the household registration"Temperature not to/"Different college entrance examination"The present situation of the trend of the unknown,Others start"And the third way".Such as,Some developers out relatively cheap degree room,Attract middle-income families buy "/Settled in.If a shenzhen large real estate marketing manager LiLiJun said:"cheap/Preferential degree room can be high quality education resources/Accommodation resources/Settled in guangdong household conditions are under the control together,Is to solve‘Different college entrance examination’More is a kind of strategy."WangShiTai also expressed similar opinions:"Can you based on reality,In the overall direction of change going down,Seek public resources and folk strength combined with path?Such as,Let consortium investment,In shenzhen in the residence in the end into famous universities,Provide and cultivate more education resources,To ease the contradiction/Ease social anxiety?"this,Perhaps is to solve the migrant workers of their children to school"compromise"Scheme of.

　　深圳家长对“异地高考”的态度亦莫衷一是。譬如，深圳家长钟华就担心“异地高考”会带来新的不公平：“异地高考政策放宽，会不会产生新式‘高考移民’，利用教育发达地区和教育弱势地区的‘分数差’进行高考投机？是不是也会产生‘学籍造假’的地下市场？如果仅仅是满足一部分移民家庭的高考权益，影响了其他原籍群体，或更广泛的考生群体的录取公平，这是不是会和教育均衡化的目标背道而驰？”

Shenzhen parents to"Different college entrance examination"Attitude is also unable to agree.Such as,Shenzhen parents will worry about apart"Different college entrance examination"Will bring new unfair:"Different college entrance examination policy to relax,Will not produce new‘College entrance examination immigrant’,Using education developed regions and education disadvantaged areas‘Score difference’College entrance examination speculation?Whether also can produce‘Cheating student’Underground market?If is only part of the college entrance examination immigration meet family interests,Affect the other home group,Or more widely accepted the group's fair,This is the goal of education equalization and run in the opposite direction?"

学术意见 Academic opinions

“异地高考”话题将 "Different college entrance examination"Topic will be

持续发酵、持续博弈 Continuous fermentation/Continuous game

　　截至目前，全国已有27个省市公布了异地高考方案。对此，学术界普遍持以“有保留的”乐观态度。知名教育学者、21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇感慨：“推进异地高考，取得了‘阶段性成果’，但是，随着异地高考方案的公布和实施，各种矛盾将越来越快地呈现出来，真正考验我国教育主管部门和各地政府的是2013年。2013年，异地高考还会继续成为全年度的热门话题，而与之相关的教育公平问题，会引起整个社会的更多关注。”

So far,27 provinces and cities across the country had been announced the different college entrance examination scheme.this,In the academia"Have retained"optimistic.Famous education scholars/The 21st century education research institute, vice President of the XiongBingJi regrets:"Propulsion different college entrance examination,made‘achievements’,but,With the publication of different college entrance examination scheme and implementation,All kinds of conflicts will appear more and more quickly,The real test of the our country education departments and local governments is the year 2013.In 2013,,Different college entrance examination will continue to be all-year hot topic,And the related problems of the education fair,Can cause the whole society pay more attention."

　　现已颁布的异地高考方案如何实施，将影响到各地异地高考政策的走向。据媒体报道，在率先宣布于今年开放异地高考的黑龙江，推进异地高考遭遇阻力。“按照黑龙江的政策，只要有3年高中学籍，即可在黑龙江报名高考，可是一些随迁子女却难以在当地高中办出学籍。如此看来，虽然黑龙江设置的异地高考门槛不高，可是，在现实中，教育部门、学校极有可能设置人为的障碍。浙江的异地高考方案，也让随迁人员有担忧，浙江的异地高考方案是与中考联系在一起的，为此，在中考方面是否设置门槛限制，将直接影响到异地高考的开放度。其次，北京、上海的具体方案会是如何，直接关系到异地高考的全局。一直以来，笔者认为，如果北京、上海、广东的异地高考问题不能得到解决，异地高考问题就可以说没有得到解决，因为北上广是异地高考矛盾最突出的地区。可以想象，围绕这些地区的具体方案，将有持续不断的博弈。”熊丙奇说。

Has promulgated "college entrance examination how to carry out the plan,Will affect the foreign policy to all the college entrance examination.According to media reports,In the first announced this year to open different college entrance examination of the province,Promote the college entrance examination different encounter resistance."According to the policy of heilongjiang province,As long as three years of high school student,Can the college entrance examination in heilongjiang,But some SuiQian children are difficult to run out at a local high school student.so,Although heilongjiang set different college entrance examination threshold is not high,but,In reality,Education department/The school is likely to set up artificial barriers.Zhejiang college entrance examination scheme ",Also let SuiQian staff there are concerns,"Zhejiang college entrance examination scheme is linked with the tests,therefore,In the tests would set threshold limit,Will directly affect the different college entrance examination's openness.secondly,Beijing/Shanghai concrete plan will be how,Directly related to the global different college entrance examination.Has been,The author thinks that,If Beijing/Shanghai/Guangdong college entrance examination "problem cannot be solved,Different college entrance examination problem can not be solved,Because north widely different college entrance examination is the most prominent contradictions of the region.Can imagine,Around these areas of the specific scheme,There will be continuous game."XiongBingJi said.