这场“集体婚礼”一经报道，立即成为舆论热点。其实，类似的事情在不久前刚刚发生过，去年年底在武汉的一次汽车文化节上，几名五六岁的小女孩化了浓妆穿着比基尼在一辆辆汽车前跳着热舞充当“车模”。

the"Collective wedding ceremony"Once reported,Public opinion immediately become hot.In fact,Something similar happened not long ago,By the end of last year in the Chinese city of wuhan on a car culture festival,Several five or six years old girl changed thick makeup wearing a bikini in YiLiangLiang car dance songs as before"models".

　　这些看似偶发的事件，表面上看除了荒唐可笑外，好像也没什么实质危害，但在幼教专业人士看来，这些行为和做法都在摧毁童真，违背了儿童成长规律，“说到底，是我们这个社会的儿童观有问题。”近日，在中国学前教育研究会组织的《3～6岁儿童学习与发展指南》实施研讨会上，不少幼儿专家对这一问题表示了极大的忧心。

These seemingly fortuitous event,On the surface in addition to the absurd,Seem to have any substantial harm,But in preschool education professionals looks,These behaviors and practices are the destruction of fairytales,Violate the law of children's development,"In the final analysis,This is our social transition has a problem."recently,In the Chinese preschool education research association of the organization[3 ~ 6 years old children's learning and development guidelines]Implementation conference,Many early childhood specialists to this problem expressed anxiety.

孩子是成年人的“宠物”? Children are adults"pet"?

　　“在一些幼教界人士看来，‘集体婚礼’、‘车模’等不过是又一次的成人娱乐。这类事情在中国传统文化、传统思维中早已习以为常、见怪不怪了，因为我们的文化中儿童往往只是成人的‘小把戏’，没有自己的尊严、没有自己的权利。”北京师范大学学前教育系教授冯晓霞说。

"In some preschool education circles looks,‘Collective wedding ceremony’/‘models’Etc is but another adult entertainment.This kind of thing in traditional Chinese culture/Traditional thinking accustomed to/Inured to the weird,Because our culture children often only adult‘tricks’,Don't have their own dignity/Without their rights."Beijing normal university pre-school education department professor FengXiaoXia said.

　　在中国很多家庭里，孩子一方面备受父母、祖父母的疼爱、娇宠，但另一方面又被这些大人当成“宠物”对待。经常出现的一幕是，家里来客人了，大人就会鼓动孩子表演节目，孩子如果不愿意，就会遭到斥责。其实，让孩子当众表演无非是为了满足大人的虚荣心。

In China many families,Children are the parents on one hand/Grandparents love/spoil,But on the other hand, by these adults as"pet"treat.The scene is often appear,Home to the guest,Adults would stir children performances,If you are not willing to children,Will was rebuked.In fact,Let the child to perform in public is nothing but in order to meet adult's vanity.

　　家庭如此，不少幼儿园也如此，社会更是如此。

Family so,A lot of kindergarten also so,Society is so.

　　冯晓霞回忆说，在北师大举办的一次幼教国际会议上，组织者请了常参加“春晚”演出的幼儿“艺术团”给来自世界各国的200多名幼教专家表演。她注意到，国外幼教专家在看这些精心打造的“儿童节目”时，表情极为严肃，脸上笑容全无。一位和她相熟的专家私下说，看着有些孩子在台上呲牙咧嘴做出“笑容”时，心里真的非常难过。“他们难过什么？难过的是孩子不像孩子，孩子早早就被成人化了，或者说成了取悦成人的玩物了！”说到这儿，冯晓霞的语调一下子提高了。

FengXiaoXia recalls,Held in Beijing normal university a preschool education international conference,Organizers invited often attend"Day television gala"Show children"art"From all over the world for more than 200 preschool education experts performance.She noticed that,Foreign preschool education experts in see these elaborately designed"Children's programs"when,Expression is very serious,Smile on his face all no.A and she familiar experts whispers,Look at some children on the stage to wince"smile"when,Heart really very sad."They sad what?Sad is the children don't like a child,The child was the early ChengRenHua,Or to become adult the plaything!"Said here,FengXiaoXia tone suddenly increased.

　　反倒是北师大幼儿园一个类似课堂剧的表演引起大家的兴趣。没有华丽的演出服，没有特别的化妆，没有太多的技能和技巧，孩子们自然的表演就像在幼儿园里做游戏。特别是当有的孩子忘了词而老师匆忙跑上台提醒时，专家们禁不住开怀大笑。因为在他们看来，“这才是孩子！”

But Beijing normal university is similar to a kindergarten classroom drama performance cause everyone's interest.Have no gorgeous costumes,No special make-up,Not too many skills and techniques,The children like natural performance in the kindergarten play games.Especially when some children forgot words and the teacher hurry run on stage when remind,Experts couldn't help laugh.Because in their eyes,"This is the children!"

　　中国学前教育研究会副会长王化敏认为，幼儿园“集体婚礼”是当今幼儿教育小学化、成人化的一个典型案例，社会上还有各种有声有色的幼儿“成人化活动”在开展。

Chinese preschool education research board vice-chairman WangHuaMin think,kindergarten"Collective wedding ceremony"Is the infant education elementary school change/ChengRenHua of a typical case,The society and all kinds of sound and color of baby"ChengRenHua activities"In the development.

　　就在前几天，王化敏偶然看了央视的一档选秀节目，那些可爱的孩子，或浓妆艳抹、或扭捏作态、或学着大人的口吻说着能把成人逗乐的俏皮话……因为学大人学得像就能成为明星，获得大奖，“台上台下，孩子调笑大人、大人调笑孩子，一片扭捏作态”。

A few days ago,WangHuaMin accidentally saw a draft program of CCTV,Those lovely children,Or make-up/Or be affectedly bashful pose/Or learn to adult's tone of voice say to make adult amusing pun……Because learning big human like to become a star,Won awards,"Off stage,Children make fun of adult/Adult children make fun of,A piece of wriggle pose".

　　王化敏看后非常气愤，“某些电视节目为了提高收视率，让孩子‘努力’放弃原本的童真。秀兰·邓波儿为什么能让亿万观众喜爱，正是因为导演开发了儿童天真可爱的天性。”

WangHuaMin after looking very angry,"Some TV programs in order to improve the ratings,Let the child‘efforts’Give up the original fairytales.Shirley temple why can make hundreds of millions of audiences loved,It is for director developed a children's sweet and innocent nature."

　　她担心的是，“那些取悦大人、违反孩子天性的活动，还得到如此的宣传和褒奖，对广大家长的影响极大，能造成家长和社会对幼儿发展规律的‘集体无意识’，这不是幼儿园老师、专业人员的说教能匹敌的。如果这种节目上春晚，会让全世界都笑话中国人的。”

She is worried about,"Those please adults/Violation of the activities of the children nature,Also receive such propaganda and praise,To the parents has great influence,Can cause parents and society to the law of children's development‘Collective unconscious’,This is not the kindergarten teacher/Professional sermon can unmatched.If the program established,Will make the whole world Chinese jokes."

　　春节临近，各个电视台都在筹备包括春晚在内的各种娱乐节目，这些晚会上，都少不了孩子的表演。可就是为了几分钟的演出，孩子们要一遍又一遍的排练，深夜仍然在后台疲惫地等候着……他们中有多少人喜欢这样的日子？他们又能向谁说“不”？

The Spring Festival is near,Each television were established in preparation, including all kinds of entertainment,The party,Are not the child's performance.But for a few minutes of performance,The children want to again and again of rehearsals,Late at night in the background still tired waiting for……Among them there are many people like this day?And they can to who say"Don't"?

　　更有甚者，连“六一”儿童节也成了儿童为成人献歌献舞的日子！有多少幼儿园此时会组织教师和家长给孩子们演节目，让他们轻松愉快地欢度原本就属于他们的节日！

What is more,even"June 1"Children's day has become children for adults to offer sacrifice song dance day!How many kindergarten at this time will organization teachers and parents give to their children to play programs,Let them happy to celebrate did not belong to their holiday!

幼儿教育不能把成人的意志强加给孩子 Preschool education can't impose adult children

　　整个社会的儿童观出了问题，学前教育也不可能幸免。

The whole social transition out of the question,Preschool education can't survive.

　　中华女子学院附属幼儿园胡华园长对她所在幼儿园大班的一次课有很深的印象。

The Chinese women's college attached to her HuHua kindergarten calls in kindergarten group of a class has a very deep impression.

　　那是一个认识大树的课程，老师们设计了拜访大树、了解与树相关的知识等环节，但开始实施后发现，孩子们对这些并不感兴趣，他们真正感兴趣的是“更想成为哪个地方的什么树”。

It is a known the tree in the course,The teachers design the visit the tree/Understanding and tree relevant knowledge and other links,But the discovery after began,The children are not interested in these,They really interested in"Which place more want to become what tree".

　　有的孩子说希望成为长在南极的一棵大树，因为“南极没有树”；有的孩子说希望成为学校门前的大柳树，因为“上下学迎送我”；有的孩子说希望成为长在香港的一棵树，因为“香港很干净”；还有一个孩子说希望成为长在小区里的一棵树，因为“想每天看着妈妈上下班”。

Some children said hope to be long in the South Pole a big tree,because"Antarctic no trees";Some children said wants to be in front of the school of willow,because"ShangXiaXue visitors I";Some children said hope to become a tree long in Hong Kong,because"Hong Kong is very clean";There is a child wants to be a tree long in the community,because"Want to every day and looked at his mother".

　　“我们总是希望孩子能像大人一样生活，当我们这样认为时我们就要不停地改造孩子，让孩子像大人理想中的样子生活。”胡华说，但是，当换一个角度，不再强求孩子像大人一样生活时，才发现原来儿童的世界那么美好。孩子们用这样的方式把五大领域（语言、艺术、健康、科学、社会）的能力都涵盖了，我们费尽各种方法达到的目标，他们很简单地就达到了。

"We always want the baby to like the adult life,When we think so we will keep children transformation,Let the children like adults like an ideal life."HuHua said,but,When change an Angle,No longer to demand the child like a grown man life,That original children of the world so beautiful.The children in this way the five fields(language/art/health/science/social)Ability are covered,We tried to all kinds of methods to achieve goals,They are simply to reach.

　　遗憾的是，目前我们绝大多数的幼儿教育是从成人视角出发的，或者是打着儿童的旗号而本质上仍然是把成人的意志强加给儿童的。

It is a pity that,At present, we most of the children education from the perspective of the adult,Or is under the banner of children and adults still essentially is to impose the children.

　　郑州那家举办“集体婚礼”的幼儿园，解释说此举是为了对孩子们进行“性教育”，灌输健康婚姻观，让孩子学习负责任。可是，仅仅一个不伦不类的仪式就能让孩子明白婚姻中的责任和义务吗？

Zhengzhou that held"Collective wedding ceremony"kindergarten,Explained that this is for children"Sex education",Implants healthy marriage,Let children learn to be responsible.but,Just a nondescript ceremony can let the child understand the responsibilities and obligations of marriage?

　　相比之下，王化敏介绍的一个事例，则可以让大家明白，什么是真正的儿童视角的教育。

Compared with,WangHuaMin introduction of a case,It can let you understand,What is the real children from the perspective of education.

　　那是贵阳一所幼儿园在上世纪80年代就开始进行的一个实验：初衷是想让残疾儿童、智障儿童能到正常的幼儿园中“随班就读”，结果不仅达到帮助残疾孩子尽早融入社会的目的，而且还发现，在快毕业的时候，一个智障的孩子赢得了全班小朋友的喜爱，大家都争着跟她玩，保护她。不少小朋友表示要跟这个孩子结婚。“由此看来，对于幼儿来说，‘结婚’代表的不是情爱、是关爱、帮助，是对别人的一种责任。这是缘于对父母的爱和小朋友之间关爱行为的理解和表达。”

It is guiyang a kindergarten in the 1980 s began on an experiment:Purpose is to let the disabled children/Mentally disabled children can go to normal in the kindergarten"Along with the class",The results not only to help disabled children into the purpose of the society as soon as possible,And also found that,In the quick graduation of time,A mentally retarded children won the children's favorite,Everyone emulatively play with her,Protect her.Many children said to the child marriage."So it,For children,,‘married’Representative is not love/Is love/help,Is a kind of responsibility to others.This is due to the love of parents and children care behavior between understanding and the expression."

　　幼儿时期是孩子认知、情感和社会性发展的重要时期，成年人把孩子们理解、学习、模仿社会的行为，等同于成人世界的行为，一厢情愿地让孩子学习成人行为，以为是“为了孩子好”，殊不知，这种站在成年人的视角对孩子进行的教育，总会出现偏差。

Young children are cognitive/Emotional and social development important period,The children understand adults/learning/Imitation of social behavior,Equal to the behavior of the adult world,Wishful thinking to let children learn adult behavior,Thought is"In order to good children",Little imagine,This stand in the perspective of adults to children's education,Always appeared deviation.

社会和家长的功利心态让幼儿教育越来越注重结果而忽略过程 Society, the parents and the utilitarian mentality let children education pay more and more attention to the results and ignores the process

　　“最近幼教领域出现的很多事件在一定程度上是整个成人社会焦躁情绪的反映。”胡华说。

"Recent preschool education in the domain of many events in a certain extent is the reflection of the adult social anxiety."HuHua said.

　　一些多年从事幼儿教育或学前教育研究的专家表示，与孩子打交道时间越长就变得越不敢说话，因为他们觉得自己的一言一行对孩子的影响都是巨大的，所以越来越谨慎。

Some years engaged in preschool education or preschool education research experts say,Deal with the child the longer becomes more dare not speak,Because they feel their own words and deeds to the child the influence is huge,So more and more cautious.

　　但是，现在越来越多非专业人士涌入学前教育领域，他们中的很多人是抱着“逐利”的目的进入的，“有些机构太着急了”，随便从国外拿来一个理念、一个概念就可以变为一种教育体系，设计出一些课程或活动便开始招生。有些幼教机构为了招揽生源，就想法设法给自己标榜特色，比如，有的机构宣称艺术教育是自己的特色，就天天让孩子排练节目，再找个舞台把家长都叫来热热闹闹地表演一番。

but,Now more and more into pre-school education field lay persons,Many of them is holding"By the"Purpose to enter,"Some institutions too worried",Just bring a concept from abroad/An idea can turn into a kind of education system,Design out some courses or activities began to recruit students.Some of the preschool education institutions to attract students,Just to try to manage to flaunt characteristics,Such as,Some agency says art education is their own characteristics,Let the children every day rehearsal program,To find a stage to parents called livelily a performance.

　　“很多特色是哗众取宠为了宣传。”冯晓霞教授一针见血。

"A lot of features is try to please the public with claptrap to promote."FengXiaoXia professor hit the nail on the head.

　　“无知者无畏，他们之所以能够这样大胆，‘做事无底线’，是因为他们本身并不知道这些做法是违背幼儿身心发展规律的。”王化敏说。

"They that know nothing fear nothing,They are able to so bold,‘Work without the bottom line’,Because they themselves do not know these practices is against the law of physical and mental development of children."WangHuaMin said.

　　“这些不懂教育的外行在进行教育时往往以结果为导向。”胡华说，这与当前家长中普遍存在的功利心以及整个社会的浮躁不谋而合，于是，很多孩子被送到了这样的教育机构。

"These don't understand education layman in education are often result-oriented."HuHua said,This and the parents of the heart is widespread in the utility and the entire social blundering happen to coincide,so,Many children were sent to the education institutions.

　　“孩子的学习，过程比结果更重要，当一个孩子回答不出1+2等于几时，他背后一定有一个特别的故事。”胡华说，但是人们往往看到的是那个不正确的答案，而没有多少人关注背后的故事为什么孩子会这样？

"The child's learning,Process is more important than the result,When a child can't answer 1 + 2 is equal to long,Behind him there must be a special story."HuHua said,But people often see is that the correct answer,But not many people pay attention to the story behind why children will be like this?

尊重儿童，从规范行为开始 Respect children,From the normative behavior began

　　成年人忙着拿孩子取乐，在孩子身上赚钱，而孩子们就在这个过程中被牺牲了，他们牺牲的不仅仅是休息和游戏的时间，也不仅仅是某一个小小的愿望，他们牺牲掉的有可能是自己的未来。

Adults busy take the child for fun,In the children to make money,And children in the process be sacrificed,They sacrifice is not only the rest and game time,Also is not only a little wish,They sacrificed the may be his future.

　　“类似的事件反复出现，对儿童的影响将是不可逆的。”北京二十一世纪实验幼儿园园长朱敏说，“集体婚礼”这种幼儿园的大型集体活动会在孩子的记忆中留下很深的印象。婚姻本应该是一件严肃的事件，是一种责任。当用这种方式让孩子“游戏”婚礼的时候，“我们给孩子传递的是什么？是在告诉他们任何事情都可以游戏。”

"Similar events appeared again and again,Impact on children will be irreversible."Beijing 21st century experimental kindergarten the principal ZhuMin said,"Collective wedding ceremony"This kindergarten large collective activity in the child's memory left deep impression.Marriage should be a serious event,Is a kind of responsibility.When using this way let the child"The game"When the wedding,"We give the child transmission is???????Is to tell them anything can play."

　　研讨会上，这些业内专家悲观地预言，危害儿童发展的事件还会出现，因为我们整个社会尚未形成正确的儿童观。然而，正确的儿童观不是靠一两个文件和几次宣传节目就能形成的，“要靠成年人一点一点改变，从而改变整个社会的观念。”冯晓霞说。那么，当整个社会的教育理念还没能达到理想高度时，我们还能做什么呢？

conference,These industry experts pessimistically predicted,Harm children's development of the event will occur,Because we the society as a whole has not been formed the correct views on children.however,The correct views on children is not rely on one or two files and several promotional programs can be formed,"Want to rely on adults change little by little,So as to change the concept of the whole society."FengXiaoXia said.so,When the whole social education concept has not been able to achieve the ideal height,What else could we do?

　　“我们至少可以引导教师和家长的行为。”这是与会专家得出的一致结论。

"At least we can guide teachers and parents' behavior."This is the experts concluded that the consistent conclusion.

　　去年10月，教育部下发了《3～6岁儿童学习与发展指南》（以下简称《指南》），“要想改变儿童教育观，《指南》是个契机，因为它很具体。”冯晓霞说。

Last October,,The ministry of education issued the[3 ~ 6 years old children's learning and development guidelines](Hereinafter referred to as[guide]),"If you want to change the children's education,[guide]Is a chance,Because it is specific."FengXiaoXia said.

　　冯晓霞教授用一项研究为例说明《指南》可能给幼儿教育带来的变化。

FengXiaoXia professor with a study for an example[guide]May give children education bring change.

　　在一项关于幼儿入学准备与入学后学习状况关系的研究中，有关数学准备部分的研究发现， 所有儿童在10以内加减运算能力方面的差距并不明显，对一二年级数学成绩的影响也不大。而入学时差距就比较大，并且入学后随着年级的增高而影响增大的，是孩子的数学思维能力，或者说是运用数学解决实际问题的能力。

In a child about to be ready for school and after admission and learning situation in the study of relationship,The mathematical ready to part of the study found, All children in less than ten addition and subtraction ability are not obvious difference,For a second grade mathematics result influence not big.And when the admission gap is big,And after admission with higher grade and the influence of the increase,Is the child's mathematical thinking ability,Or rather mathematical ability to solve practical problems.

　　有这样一个例子：在入学数学准备测试中，测试者先让刚入学的一年级新生从一堆小熊纽扣中拿出10个，放到一个上下一样粗细的透明瓶子里。之后，测试者拿出一个完全一样、但预先装进去40个小熊纽扣的瓶子。测试任务是：“猜一猜第二个瓶子里的纽扣大概有多少？”

There is a example:In the entrance to the mathematics test,Testers let first-year freshmen from a heap of bear buttons out of ten,In a same thickness and transparent bottle.after,Testers took out a exactly the same/But prior installs forty bear buttons bottle.Test task is:"Guess the second bottle button probably how many?"

　　有的孩子看一看就说“不知道”，“猜不出来”；有的采用的是“加1”策略，“11个”；也有一些孩子先用自己的手指头量一下第一个瓶子中10个纽扣所占的高度（大概是一指高），然后再量量第二个瓶子中的纽扣大概有几指高。“老师，这里边大概有40个！”

Some children see said"Don't know","Can not guess";Some use is"Add 1"strategy,"11";There are some children to use their fingers quantity the a bottle of 10 buttons of height(Probably a refers to high),Then measured the second bottle of button about several means high."The teacher,There are about forty!"

　　追踪孩子们入学后的学习成绩，发现到二年级期末时，能简单测量进行估算的孩子，数学成绩明显好于其他儿童。

Tracking the children after school grades,Found the second grade,Can simple measurement to estimate the children,Math scores was significantly better than that of other children.

　　“《指南》的数学认知部分的目标中，对5～6岁的孩子提出了‘能发现生活中许多问题都可以用数学的方法来解决’这样的期望。为什么这样提？我相信刚才的例子已经是一个很好的说明和解释了。《指南》的教育建议部分还给出了许多帮助幼儿达到这些期望的方法和策略。希望老师和家长们认真仔细地学习《指南》，按照《指南》的要求去做。”冯晓霞说。

"[guide]Mathematical cognitive part of the goals,For 5 ~ 6 years old children put forward‘Life can be found in a number of problems can use mathematical method to solve’Such expectations.Why do you ask?I believe that just example is a good description and explained.[guide]Part of the education Suggestions also gives a lot of help children to achieve these expectations methods and strategies.Hope the teacher and parents carefully study[guide],According to the[guide]Requirements to do."FengXiaoXia said.

　　翻看《指南》我们可以发现，它从健康、语言、社会、科学、艺术五个领域出发，按照幼儿学习与发展最基本、最重要的内容把每个领域划分为若干方面，分别对3～4岁、4～5岁、5～6岁三个年龄段末期幼儿应该知道什么、能做什么，大致可以达到什么发展水平提出了合理期望。同时，《指南》还根据幼儿的学习与发展目标，列举了一些能够有效帮助和促进幼儿学习与发展的教育途径和方法，同时，也指出了错误做法对幼儿终身发展的危害。

through[guide]We can find,It from the health/language/social/science/Art based on five areas,According to the study and development of young children the most basic/The most important content of each field is divided into several aspects,For 3 ~ 4 years old respectively/4 ~ 5 years old/5 ~ 6 years old three children should know the end of the age/Can do,Can be roughly to achieve what level of development put forward the reasonable expectation.At the same time,[guide]Also according to the children's learning and development goals,List some can effectively help and promote children learning and development of education ways and methods,At the same time,Also pointed out the wrong way to the harm of children lifelong development.

　　“《指南》不仅仅面向幼儿教育机构，同时还面向家庭和社会，这在以往的文件中都是不曾有过的，其本意就是呼唤全社会对儿童真正的尊重和爱护。”冯晓霞说。

"[guide]Not only for children education institutions,At the same time also to family and society,In the previous file is had never seen before,The original idea is to call the whole society really respect and care for the children."FengXiaoXia said.

　　《指南》字里行间对儿童的尊重不是就观念而说观念，而是将“以儿童为本”的理念转变为可操作的行为。当我们还无法改变所有人的理念，也无法在短时间内提高幼教从业人员的整体素质时，这个《指南》能告诉从教者“你应该怎么做”、“你至少要达到这样的要求”。

[guide]Between the lines to children's respect not just idea and concept of said,But will"With children in the"Concept into operational behavior.When we are unable to change the concept of all people,In a short time can improve the overall quality of preschool education employees when,this[guide]Can you tell the teacher"You should do"/"At least you want to achieve this requirement".

　　王化敏有个愿望，希望在春节期间，能看到更多反映童真的节目，而不是成人化的表演。（记者 樊未晨）

WangHuaMin have a wish,Hope during the Spring Festival,Can see more reflect fairytales program,Not ChengRenHua performance.(Reporter fan not morning)