“分析就业问题的重点是就业质量。”北京大学教育经济研究所教授岳昌君指出，“研究生的就业特点与本科生有很大的不同，应进行全面深入地比较分析，不应简单地用一个指标来衡量，更不应武断地否定我国不断发展和完善中的研究生教育。”

"Analysis of the employment problem is focused on the quality of employment."Beijing university education economic research institute YueChangJun professor pointed out,"Graduate employment characteristics and undergraduates are quite different,Should carry on the comprehensive comparative analysis,Should not simply use a measure,More should not arbitrarily deny our country development and perfect of the graduate student education."

- 封面观点 - cover view

　　初次就业率，是指毕业生在离校时已经确定就业去向的毕业生人数占毕业生总数的比例。初次就业率的统计时间是在毕业生离校的时候，因此并不代表最终就业率。欧美发达国家也对高校毕业生进行抽样调查，初次就业率也都很低。但是，在欧美国家初次就业率低并没有引起太大的社会关注，因为很多毕业生是在毕业之后找到工作的，相当多的毕业生是毕业后才开始找工作的。

Initial employment,Refers to leave school graduates in the employment of the graduates have been confirmed to account for of the total number of the number of graduates.Initial employment statistics time is when the graduates leave school,So does not represent final employment rate.The European and American developed country also to college graduates sampling survey,Initial employment rate are very low.but,In the European and American countries first employment rate is low and not cause too great social attention,Because a lot of graduates is in after graduation to find a job,Quite a number of graduates is after graduation to find work.

　　我国政府有关部门除了报道初次就业率，还报道年底就业率。从近年来公布的数据看，年底就业率一般都会比初次就业率有非常显著的提高。也就是说，毕业后半年之内找到工作的比例还是很高的。如果有毕业一年后的就业率数据，可以预计也会有所提高。因此，初次就业率不是最终就业率，不应成为评价高校就业状况和教育质量的唯一指标，还要看毕业后一年，甚至三年、五年的就业状况。正是由于人们对初次就业率的炒作，使得大学生迫不及待地在离校前很长一段时间就开始找工作，挤占了大量学习时间。

The relevant departments of the Chinese government in addition to employment report first,Also reported at the end of the year the employment rate.From the data published in recent years to see,The end of the year usually employment than initial employment rate was significantly improved.that,Later graduated from within the proportion of find a job is very high.If there is graduation after a year of employment data,Can are also expected to be improved.so,Initial employment rate is not final employment rate,Should not be evaluation universities employment status and education quality only index,Still need to see one year after graduation,Even three years/Five years of employment status.It is precisely because people in their employment rate of the hype,Make college students can't wait to in before leaving for a long time to start looking for a job,Occupy a lot of learning time.

　　此外，从初次就业率的定义可以知道，本科生的升学比例要比研究生大。根据北京大学教育学院的调查数据计算，2011年本科生的升学比例比硕士生高出10.5个百分点。因此，简单地比较本科生与硕士生的初次就业率意义不大，还应进一步地比较已确定单位的比例，或者比较待就业的比例。北京大学的调查显示，2011年本科生离校时的待就业比例比硕士生高出3.9个百分点，本科生没有找到工作的比例更大。

In addition,The definition of employment from the first to know,Undergraduate studies proportion than big graduate students.According to the Beijing university education college of survey data calculation,2011 years of undergraduate study percentage is 10.5% higher than that of the master.so,Simply compare undergraduate and postgraduate first employment significance is not big,Should also be further comparison has determined the proportion of the unit,Or is the proportion of DaiJiuYe.Beijing university survey,2011 undergraduate students leave school of DaiJiuYe percentage is 3.9% higher than that of the master,Undergraduate students failed to find a job more proportion.

　　岳昌君，北京大学教育经济研究所教授

YueChangJun,Beijing university professor of education economic research institute

　　对于“研究生就业不如本科生”的结论，有媒体援引了《全国高校毕业生就业状况》的数据，“从考研人数首次突破百万的2005年开始到2009年，硕士生就业率连续下降。2009年和2010年，硕士生的就业率甚至不如本科生。”也有部分媒体引用了国内部分省份或高校的毕业生就业统计加以佐证。但研究专家认为，这个结论缺乏科学数据的支持。并且，研究生的就业特点与本科生有很大不同，“不应简单用一个指标来衡量，更不应武断地否定我国不断发展和完善中的研究生教育。”

for"Graduate employment than undergraduates"conclusion,Media quoted[The national college graduates employment status]data,"The number from one's deceased father grind for the first time in began in 2005 to 2009,Master employment continuous decline.In 2009 and 2010,The employment rate of master even worse than undergraduates."There are some media quoted the domestic partial provinces or college graduates employment statistics to evidence.But the experts say,This conclusion lack of scientific data to support.and,Graduate employment characteristics and undergraduate students have very different,"Should not simply use a measure,More should not arbitrarily deny our country development and perfect of the graduate student education."

结论缺乏科学数据支持？ Conclusion the lack of scientific data to support?

　　看了武汉大学女硕士生为求职“冒充”本科生的报道后，位于同城的中南财经政法大学研三学生赵麟一点儿也不感到惊讶，他之前就听说过一些研究生为了找工作，准备本科学历和研究生学历两份简历。“而且现在女生在就业市场上的竞争力也不如男生，起码今年是。更何况同等条件下，女研究生可能是用人单位最不愿意要的。”

Look at the wuhan university female master for the job"Pretend to be"After reports of undergraduate students,The city is located in the central finance and economics politics and law university research three students ZhaoLin didn't feel surprised,Before he had heard that some graduate students in order to find work,Prepare bachelor degree and postgraduate degree two copies of your resume."And now the girl in the job market competitiveness than boys,At least this year is.Besides the same conditions,Female graduate students may is unit of choose and employ persons the most reluctant to want."

　　不过，赵麟还是惊异于报道中的这位女硕士跑了40多场招聘会，仍未找到一份满意的工作。“我觉得这可能就需要从她自身找原因了。”在校读经济学专业的赵麟认为，“现在研究生的竞争力还是很强的。就算今年的就业形势差，女生找工作可能难一些，但我们专业的男生都已人手几个offer了。所以我不是很认同研究生就业不如本科生。”

but,ZhaoLin still amazed by the coverage of the female master ran and more than a job fair,Still did not find a satisfactory job."I think this may need to find the reason from her own."The school read economics professional ZhaoLin think,"Now the competitiveness of the graduate student is very strong.Even if this year's poor employment situation,The girl looking for a job may be difficult to some,But our professional boys have several hands the offer.So I don't really agree with graduate employment than undergraduates."

　　“一些媒体上报道‘研究生就业不如本科生’的结论主要来自于抽样调查数据，有学校的样本、有省份的样本，个别的只是访谈了少数几个学生。”北京大学教育经济研究所教授岳昌君认为，在做出一个一般性结论之前，一定要分析样本的代表性。“某个学生、某所学校、甚至某个省份，都很难代表全国的情况。即使是全国范围内的抽样调查，解决了样本代表性的问题，那么不同的样本之间也会有差异。我们还应该看看从不同样本得到的结论是否具有一致性，结论是否稳定可靠。”

"Some media reports‘Graduate employment than undergraduates’Conclusion mainly comes from the sampling survey data,A school of samples/A province of the sample,The individual is interviewed a few students."Beijing university education economic research institute YueChangJun think professor,Making a general conclusion before,Must analysis sample representativeness."A student/A school/Even some provinces,It is difficult to represent the national situation.Even if is the range of sampling survey,To solve the problem of the sample representative,So different between samples will also have difference.We also should see from different sample the conclusion whether it has consistency,Conclusion is stable and reliable."

　　岳昌君指出，北京大学教育学院于2003年、2005年、2007年、2009年和2011年进行了五次大规模的全国高校毕业生就业状况调查。在各次调查中，无论是硕士生还是博士生，初次就业率均高于本科生。“某些报道说‘研究生就业率2009年以后连续3年低于本科生’，其中提及《全国高校毕业生就业状况》一书。但是该书最新的数据只到2010年，而且也不能得出上述结论。例如，该书显示2009年博士生、硕士生的就业率均高于本科生。因此，依据该报告是得不出上述结论的。”

YueChangJun pointed out that,Beijing university education college in 2003/In 2005,/In 2007,/In 2009 and 2011, the five times the mass of the employment of college graduates condition investigation.In each survey,Whether master's or doctoral student,Initial employment rate are higher than undergraduates."Some reports said‘Graduate employment rate in 2009 after three consecutive years less than undergraduates’,The mention[The national college graduates employment status]book.But the latest data only to 2010,But also cannot come to the conclusion.Such as,The book shows 2009 doctoral student/The master of employment are higher than the undergraduate.so,According to the report is not out of the above conclusions."

　　麦可思研究院副院长张景岫也认为，这个结论缺乏科学数据的支持。“首先，调查的始点不明晰。国内研究生有两年学时的，有两年半的，还有三年的，毕业时间不一样，调查的是哪个始点的就业率？其次，就业率反映的只是数量问题，不能反映就业质量，因此也就不能呈现全面的就业水平。而且一些研究生就业的个案也会夸大我们对问题严重程度的认识。”

Michael thought, vice President of the institute ZhangJingXiu also think,This conclusion lack of scientific data to support."First of all,Investigation of the initial point are not clear.Domestic graduate students have two years of school,There are two and a half years of,There are three years of,Graduation time is not the same,The survey which is the beginning point of employment?secondly,The employment rate reflects the quantity only,Can't reflect the quality of employment,It can't be present comprehensive employment level.And some graduate employment case will overstate the severity of the problem we know."

　　“‘十八大’提出要推动实现更高质量的就业，做好以高校毕业生为重点的青年就业工作。可见高校毕业生的就业问题是未来几年政府和社会关注的重点，而分析就业问题的重点是就业质量。”岳昌君指出，收入是反映就业质量的指标之一。在北京大学2011年的调查中，由已经确定就业单位的毕业生对自己的起薪进行了估计。毕业生的起薪具有明显的学历越高起薪越多的特点。从算术平均值看，专科生为1856元；本科生为2743元；硕士生为4003元；博士生为5118元。

"‘Eighteen big’Puts forward to want to promote to a higher level of quality of employment,Do to college graduates is the focus of the youth employment.Visible in the employment of the college graduates in the coming years is the focus of the government and the society to pay more attention to,And analysis of the employment problem is focused on the quality of employment."YueChangJun pointed out that,Income is one of the indicators reflect the quality of employment.In the Beijing university 2011 survey,Have been confirmed by the employment of graduates unit for their starting salary were estimated.Starting pay for graduates with a higher degree has obvious characteristics of the starting salary.See from the arithmetic mean value,Junior college student for 1856 yuan;Undergraduates for 2743 yuan;Master for 4003 yuan;Doctoral student for 5118 yuan.

　　“总之，研究生的就业特点与本科生有很大不同，再如他们在就业去向结构上有很大差异，研究生在省会以上城市和事业单位的就业比例很高。因此对两者应进行全面深入的比较分析，不应简单用一个指标来衡量，更不应武断地否定我国不断发展和完善中的研究生教育。”

"In a word,Graduate employment characteristics and undergraduate students have very different,Be like again in their employment structure to have very big difference,Graduate students in the provincial capital of the cities and institutions of the employment ratio is very high.So the two should be further comprehensive comparative analysis,Should not simply use a measure,More should not arbitrarily deny our country development and perfect of the graduate student education."

研究生与本科生就业去向不同 Graduate and undergraduate students to different employment

　　虽然“研究生就业不如本科生”的结论不能成立，但不可否认研究生在就业方面也存在一定的短板。

although"Graduate employment than undergraduates"Conclusion cannot be established,There is no denying that graduate students in employment also has certain short board.

　　经过近半年的找工作经历，北京理工大学应届硕士毕业生小刘总结，在能胜任工作的前提下，用人单位选人的顺序是男本>男硕>女本>

After nearly half a year of looking for work experience,Beijing university of science and technology the fresh graduate xiao liu summary,In the premise of the job,Unit of choose and employ persons the order of the candidate is the man>Male following>The female>

　　女硕。他解释，从用工成本来讲，硕士的期望薪酬肯定要高一些，而且他们干两三年可能会跳槽，所以一些企业能用本科生就不要硕士生；从身体上讲，有些工作强度较大，用人单位更青睐男生。而且女生工作几年就要结婚生子，这也是女生尤其女硕士找工作难的原因。

Female following.He explained,Will tell from labor costs,Master of the expected salary must be higher,And they did two or three years could job-hopping,So some enterprise can master degree are not;It was physically,Some work strength is greater,Unit of choose and employ persons more favor boys.And the work of the girl a few years will marry and have children,This is the girl especially female master's looking for a job difficult reason.

　　“我觉得大部分正规企业在做校园招聘时，对待本科生和研究生不会有太大区别，会更看重大学生的能力和成长潜力。一般来讲，本科生的可塑性比较强，研究生在校的实操项目会多一些。由于现在硕士毕业生的数量很大，我们每年招的研究生比例要占一半以上。”渣打银行(中国)有限公司高级人力资源经理梁斌认为，谈研究生的就业也很难脱离个体。“这里也会存在马太效应，优秀的硕士肯定很抢手。”

"I think most normal enterprise doing when campus recruitment,To undergraduate and graduate students won't have too big difference,Will pay more attention to college students' ability and growth potential.Generally speaking,Undergraduate plasticity is stronger,Graduate school of the real operating the project will be more.Since the number of master degree graduates great,Each year we recruit graduate proportion to account for more than half."Standard chartered bank(China)Co., LTD., senior human resources manager a think,Talk about graduate employment is difficult to from the individual."Here also may have Matthew effect,Good master must be very hot."

　　岳昌君指出，研究生与本科生的就业去向有很大的不同。“在高校扩招过程中，各种学历层次的毕业生都会遇到就业难问题。从劳动力市场需求和各学历层次就业结构来看，研究生就业难主要表现在事业单位、党政机关对毕业生就业的吸纳能力小，在这些部门就业的流动性差。从供给角度看，改革研究生教育的培养结构，鼓励应用性强的专业硕士去企业就业，能有效解决硕士生的就业问题。”

YueChangJun pointed out that,Graduate and undergraduate employment to are quite different."In the process of college enrollment,All kinds of degree levels of graduates will meet the employment difficult problem.From the labor market demand and the education level of the employment structure to see,Graduate employment difficult mainly displays in the institution/Party and government organs to graduate employment absorption capacity of small,In these departments employment liquidity difference.From the perspective of supply,The cultivation of graduate education reform of the structure,Encourage applied strong professional master to enterprise employment,Can effectively solve the employment problem of the master."

　　“研究生扩招之后，门槛降低，加上师资、硬件设施可能跟不上，研究生的培养难免会出现质量问题。此外，研究生的就业问题也和我国的经济产业需求有很大关系。”张景岫解释，目前我国对研究生有实际需求的产业仍不算太多，低端产业仍占很大比例，这客观上造成对高学历人才的吸纳能力有限，随着我国经济结构调整转型，这一问题会有所缓解。

"After graduate student enrollment,Threshold to reduce,Plus teachers/Hardware facilities may can't keep up,The cultivation of graduate students will inevitably be quality problem.In addition,Graduate employment problems and our country's economy has a lot to do with industry needs."ZhangJingXiu explain,At present our country for a graduate student to have the actual demand of the industry is still not too much,Low industry still make up a large proportion,The objective of highly educated talents caused by the absorption capacity limited,Along with our country economy structure adjustment transformation,This problem will be to ease.

研究生就业难不应简单归咎培养模式 Graduate employment difficult should not be simple imputation training mode

　　随着研究生就业问题的逐渐凸显，不少人将矛头指向国内的研究生培养制度，如研究生扩招之后存在的“放养式”培养，研究生教育定位不清等。近几年来，国家也开始调整研究生培养模式，推出面向就业的应用较强的专业硕士，取得了一定的成果。

As the employment problems of postgraduates highlights gradually,Many people taking aim at domestic graduate education system,Such as the graduate student enrollment are after"Stocking type"training,The graduate student education position is not clear and so on.In recent years,Countries also begin to adjust graduate training model,Introduced the application of employment for strong professional master,Made some achievements.

　　而对研究生个体而言，在就业形势不太好的背景下，调整心态，做好定位，扬长避短，是解决就业难问题的主要途径。企业hr及专家建议，研究生在校期间要多参加有价值的实习、实践活动，求职时可放下身段，不必太看重短期收益，要关注中长期的发展。

For graduate students in terms of the individual,In the employment situation is not too good background,Adjust state of mind,Well location,Foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses,Solving the employment difficult problem is the main way.Enterprise hr and expert advice,During the period of school to graduate students to take part in valuable practice/practice,The job can be put down the figure,Don't put too much stress on short-term earnings,Attention to the development of the medium and long term.

研一就要开始实习规划 A research will start planning practice

　　近来，北京某知名高校中文系研三学生柏杨相继面试了中央电视台、中国邮政等事业单位和央企、国企，不少单位进入笔试和面试的学生基本都是研究生，而且都来自北大、人大等知名高校。柏杨发现，自己和他们相比有一大劣势就是实习经历不足。

recently,Beijing some famous university Chinese students have developed three BaiYang interview with CCTV/China post and other institutions and renmin/State-owned enterprises,Many units into the written examination and interview students basic are graduate students,And from Peking University/National People's Congress, and other well-known universities.BaiYang found,And they compared with a big disadvantage is the lack of internship.

　　“他们很多人都在新华社、央视或者大型央企、国企等地方有过实习经历，还有不少人担任过学生会干部，或组建过社团。”柏杨说，自己的经历和那些竞争者相比，真是微不足道。“我觉得主要还是个人规划的问题，很多学生一上研一就开始搜集相关的实习信息，积极参加各种实践活动。我读研后没有什么目标，消息比较闭塞，实践经验少，致使现在求职很被动。”

"Many of them are in the xinhua news agency/CCTV or large renmin/The place such as state-owned enterprises have practice experience,There are many people served as a student cadre,Or form a community."BaiYang said,Own experience and the competitors,Is really small."I think the main or individual planning problem,A lot of students on a developed a began to collect information related to the practice,Take an active part in various activities.I have to go to graduate school what goals,News is block,Experience less,Now the job is very passive."

　　柏杨坦言，读研以后跟导师的交流也比较少，大部分时间都是自己掌控，如何合理分配自己的时间很重要。“考上研之后不要懈怠，要找好自己的定位，给自己确定一个目标，是想继续读博搞学术，还是就业，要有一个清晰的规划。一旦确定就业，就要积极寻找有价值的实践项目，增加自己就业的筹码。”

BaiYang said,After graduate with teacher communication also is less,Most of the time control of their own,How to reasonably distribute their time is very important."Don't slack after admitted to research,To find your location,To determine whether a target,Is to continue to read bo make academic,Or employment,Have a clear plan.When you determine the employment,Will actively looking for valuable practice project,Increase their employment chip."

研究生就业难在求职观？ Graduate employment is the QiuZhiGuan?

　　“从我校的情况来看，每年研究生的实际就业率略高于本科生，研究生的就业单位和工作岗位质量要普遍高于本科生，譬如一些科研院所、研究机构、大型央企、高校事业单位等，普遍要求硕士及以上学历。”北京科技大学就业指导中心副主任苏栋指出，研究生的就业难，主要难在求职观念上，很多研究生都认为比本科生多读了几年书，就一定要比本科生找到更理想的工作，对工作地域、企业性质、工作环境、收入待遇等要求较高，无形中给自己设置了较高的求职门槛，加大了就业难度。

"From our situation,Every year the graduate student's actual employment rate slightly higher than undergraduates,Graduate employment unit and work quality to higher than undergraduates,Such as some scientific research institutions/Research institutions/Large renmin/The institution, etc,Universal demand master and above."Beijing science and technology university career guidance center, deputy director of d. su pointed out,Graduate employment difficult,The main difficult in finding ideas,Many graduate students would think more than undergraduate students read a few years,It must be more than undergraduates to find an ideal job,To the work area/Characteristics of the enterprise/Working environment/Income pay high demands,Virtually to set themselves up for a higher threshold,Increase the employment difficulty.

　　“研究生有这样的心态有其正当性，但在目前的就业形势下，研究生应当把目光放长远些，放在中长期的后续发展上，而不是一毕业的短期收益。” 张景岫举例，他们以前曾调查农民工和本科毕业生的薪酬是一样的，但三年后的跟踪调研显示本科生的薪酬有了很大提升，接近于翻番。“美国也曾做过调查，高中毕业生和大学毕业生的起薪差距不太大，但十年后的差距被拉大。所以学历带来的优秀不一定要体现在第一份职业上。”

"A graduate student to have such a mentality has its legitimacy,But in the present employment situation,Graduate students should look to put some in the long run,In the medium and long term follow-up development,Not a graduation short-term gains." ZhangJingXiu example,They used to survey and migrant workers and college graduates salary is the same,But three years later tracking survey shows that undergraduates salary had the very big promotion,Close to double."The United States has made investigation,For high school and college graduates starting salary gap is not too big,But ten years later gap is widening.So education brings good doesn't have to be reflected in the first professional."

　　苏栋建议研究生在求职过程中，要提前设置好自己的求职目标，对工作地域、工作性质、工作单位等圈定一个范围，尽量避免毫无目的地海投。与本科生相比，研究生的劣势在于年龄偏大、可塑性不强，而强项在于比较成熟、专业技能较强，研究生在求职时可以扬长避短，多投一些对专业能力要求较高的工作。但不提倡研究生隐去学历的做法。

D. su suggest graduate student in the job search process,Want to advance set up their own career objective,To the work area/Nature of work/Work units for delineating a range,Try to avoid no destination for the sea.Compared with undergraduate,The graduate student's disadvantage is older/Plasticity is not strong,And strength lies in more mature/Strong professional skills,Graduate student in the job can foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses,Throw some professional ability request higher work.But don't advocate graduate hidden to the practice of education.

- 观点与分析 - view and analysis

研究生培养模式与就业的关系复杂 Postgraduate education and employment relationship complex

　　洪成文，北京师范大学教育学院教授

Hong chengwen,Beijing normal university education college professor

　　研究生培养模式与研究生就业的关系很复杂，供需矛盾是基础，但培养问题也是不可规避的。将研究生就业这一复杂问题简单地对应于培养模式问题，显然是简单化了。

Postgraduate education and graduate employment relationship is very complicated,The contradiction between supply and demand is the foundation,But the problem is also a systematic training.Will graduate employment this complicated problem simply corresponding to the training mode problem,Obviously is simplified.

　　我国与美国相比，有两点不同，第一是，受教育经历和等级，与工资挂钩的关系程度问题。硕士学位持有者，只要被录用，就要严格按照所受教育的程度支付相应的工资等级，在这种情况下，美国的用人单位，能够用学士的，不用硕士，能用硕士的，不用博士。我国的情况虽然也有区别，但因为工资制度改革滞后，工资不比奖金高，造成研究生与本科生的工资级差不是很大。因此，对用人单位来说，录用本科生还是研究生，区别不是很大。

Compared with China and the United States,There are two different,The first is,By education experience and level,And the relationship between the wage hook degree problem.Master's degree holders,As long as hired,Will be in strict accordance with the degree of education by the payment of the corresponding salary level,In this case,American unit of choose and employ persons,To be able to use the bachelor's degree,Don't master,Can master the,Dr. Don't.The situation of our country although there are differences,But because the salary system reform lag,High salary than bonus,Graduate and undergraduate students caused by the wage differential is not very big.so,For to unit of choose and employ persons,Undergraduate or graduate employment,Difference between them is not great.

　　另一个区别是，美国的各专业性行会(学会)有较大的招生调节能力。例如美国医学会，每年都会对医生和护理专业的未来人才需求提供专业报告，而这个报告会很直接地反映到大学的招生上。而我国专业学会(行会)的功能定位，还比较传统，多年来几乎没有在招生调节能力上有所贡献。

Another difference is,The United States the professional guild(Learn to)Have larger enrollment adjustment ability.Such as the American medical association,Every year for physicians and nursing professional future talent needs to provide professional report,And this report is directly reflected in the enrollment of the university on.And our country professional society(guild)function,Is relatively traditional,For many years in the recruit students almost no adjustment ability contribute.

　　研究生就业，是不是世界性的问题，还有待证明。国际上解决研究生就业，从政府的角度看，一般有两大策略：一是解决家庭背景较差的学生的就业问题，以示公平。二是通过购买就业机会，而缓解就业危机。比如美国的“为美国而教”，和“护士特别计划”等就是通过联邦政府与就业单位合作，创造和增加就业机会，以缓解甚至规避就业问题所带来的潜在社会危机。

Graduate employment,Is the world's problem,Remains to be proven.To solve international graduate employment,From the government's point of view,Generally there are two main strategies:One is to solve the family background poor students' employment problem,As fair.The second is through the purchase employment opportunity,And relieve employment crisis.Such as the United States"For the United States and teach",and"The nurse special plan"And it is through the federal government and employment unit cooperation,Create and increase employment opportunities,To reduce or even avoid the employment problem brought about by the potential social crisis.

专业硕士开始引起公众关注 Professional master began to attract the public attention

　　美国的研究生培养模式与国内有很大区别，据张景岫介绍，美国的硕士基本都是应用型的，像商学院、法学院、医学院的硕士定位都很特别，基本可以称作职业教育，他们也有一年的会计或金融硕士，应用性也非常强。这也就使得他们的硕士培养与就业联系得非常紧密。

American graduate training model and domestic have very big distinction,According to ZhangJingXiu introduced,The master basic are applied,As business school/Law school/Medical school master positioning is special,Basic professional education can be called,They also have a year of accounting or financial master,Application is also very strong.It also makes their master's training and employment contact very closely.

　　2009年，教育部正式发文，做出了硕士研究生主要面向应用的决定。一直处于边缘地位的专业学位教育制度首度引起公众关注。

In 2009,,The ministry of education officially outgoing mail,Make a master graduate student main application oriented decision.Has been on the edge of the status of the professional degree education system first cause public concern.

　　据海天教育企划总监蔡美玉介绍，2012年专业硕士的报考人数已占到全部考生的1/4，录取人数更是超过所有录取人数的1/3。根据教育部的规划，到2013年，硕士研究生教育将力争实现从以培养学术型人才为主转向以培养应用型人才为主。至2015年，专业硕士将在整个招生名额中占到50%。蔡美玉指出，由于在培养目标和培养方式上更贴近市场，专业硕士的就业率一般要好于学术型硕士。

According to the education project director CaiMeiYu is introduced,2012 professional master of the number of applicants has accounted for a quarter of all candidates,Admit number is more than a third of the number of all the admissions.According to the ministry of education planning,By 2013,Master graduate student education will strive to achieve to cultivate talents from academic type mainly to train applied talents to give priority to.To 2015,Professional master's will in the whole student enrollment at 50%.CaiMeiYu pointed out that,Because the training objectives and training on the way closer to the market,The employment of professional master's better than the general academic type master.

大学生先职业规划再决定考研 College students' career planning first decide one's deceased father grind

　　张爱志，跨考教育总裁

ZhangAiZhi,Cross test education President

　　近几年来，研究生的就业不是非常理想，另一方面考研的人数在不断增加。我认为大学生也要从职业规划的角度来考虑，不可盲目。我觉得两类人适合读研，一类是真正想学习的，比如本科读的不是自己喜欢的专业，想换专业的，还有一类就是基础不太好，没准备好就业的专业技能的。

In recent years,Graduate employment is not very ideal,On the other hand the number of one's deceased father grind in increasing.I think that college students but also from the point of view of career planning to consider,Not blindly.I think two people for to go to graduate school,One kind is really want to learn,Such as degree is not their favorite professional,Want to change the professional,And those who foundation is not so good,Not ready to employment of professional skills.

　　这两年管理类、金融、会计、通信工程、自动化都是比较热门的专业，就业前景比较好。其中金融硕士和会计硕士两类专业硕士已经有了第一批毕业生，就业情况很好。

The two years management class/financial/accounting/Communication engineering/Automation is the more popular professional,Obtain employment prospect is good.The master of finance and accounting master two kinds of professional master's have the first batch of graduates,The employment situation is very good.

　　同时，早期比较热的MBA，这两年的含金量有所降低。而一些前沿学科如生物工程、环境工程，由于国家对这些专业的定位不是很清晰，打造的不是很到位，对毕业生的就业产生了一定影响。

At the same time,Early more hot MBA,The two years of gold content reduced.And some frontier disciplines such as biological engineering/Environmental engineering,Due to the country to the professional orientation is not very clear,Make not very in place,To graduate employment produced certain effect.

　　D08-D09版采写新京报记者 孔悦

D08 - D09 edition concludes the Beijing news reporter KongYue

　　本版摄影 新京报记者 王嘉宁

This new Beijing news reporter WangJiaNing photography