近日，河南兰考县弃婴火灾遇难的事件受到社会普遍关注。悲剧已经发生，袁厉害的功过是非已经不是事情的关键所在，如何完善弃婴管理和儿童救助的体系才是当务之急。

In recent days,Henan LanKaoXian abandoned the victims of the fire event by social widespread concern.Tragedy has happened,Yuen powerful legacy is not the key to things,How to improve abandoned management system and save the children is a priority.

　　对于弃婴管理，欧美许多国家在立法、设施建设、流程管理等方面为保护弃婴进行的一系列努力，很好地做到了对弃婴的保护与收养，做到了管理的个性化与常态化。

For the abandoned baby management,Europe and the United States in legislation in many countries/Construction of facilities/Process management to the series of efforts to protect the baby,Well done to protect the baby and adopted,Do the personalized and normalization of management.

美国 立法引导“安全弃婴” The American legislative guide"Safe baby"

　　在美国许多地方，弃婴被认为是严重犯罪。以乔治亚州为例，蓄意弃婴是违法行为，而在弃婴后逃离所在州则是重罪。

In many places in America,Baby is regarded as a serious crime.In Georgia, for example,Deliberately abandoned is illegal,And fled the state after the baby is a felony.

　　然而，近20多年来，美国各州陆续通过一系列所谓的“安全港法案”，使得“依法安全地抛弃婴孩”成为可能。1999年，得克萨斯州颁布“婴孩摩西法”，允许放弃或拒绝抚养婴孩的父母将初生婴儿依法弃置在警察部门、医院、救援队、消防部门等地点，这样做的目的是确保被抛弃的婴孩生命安全并得到妥善照顾。

however,In recent twenty years,States through a series of so-called in succession"Safe harbor bill",make"Abandons the baby safely in accordance with the law"It possible to.In 1999,,Texas"Baby Moses method",Allowed to give up or refuse to raise the baby's parents will born baby dumping in the police department in accordance with the law/The hospital/The rescue team/The fire department, etc,The aim is to ensure that the abandoned baby life safety and care of properly.

　　在“安全港法案”的框架内，法院会传召弃婴者，并允许其匿名出庭。为了防止弃婴者进一步伤害自己的婴孩，弃婴者和婴孩的关系不会直接公开，而是通过标明数字的手镯来确认。一般情况下，弃婴者可以拒绝出庭，也可以出庭确认自己无法抚养孩子并放弃抚养权。到2008年，美国50个州都有某种形式的“安全港法案”。

In the"Safe harbor bill"Within the framework of,The court may summon the abandoned baby,And allow the anonymous to appear in court.In order to prevent further damage among the abandoned his baby,Baby and the baby will not directly open relationship,But by indicate the number of bracelets to confirm.Under normal circumstances,Baby can refuse to appear in court,Can also appear to confirm their unable to raise a child custody and give up.By 2008,America's 50 states have some form of"Safe harbor bill".

欧洲 巧设“弃婴保护舱” In Europe it"Baby protection module"

　　为了减少人工流产以及保护新生婴孩被杀害或弃置于危险之中，欧洲许多国家都设有一种叫做“弃婴保护舱”的装置，让无力或不愿抚养婴孩的家长匿名地将婴孩置于其中。

In order to reduce the abortion and protect newborn babies were killed or discarded in danger,Many European countries have called"Baby protection module"The device,To anonymous is unable or unwilling to raise baby's parents to put the baby in it.

　　这种保护舱通常设置在医院或者社会服务中心，一般是带有小门的保温箱子，里面铺有柔软的床垫。床垫上装有感应器，一旦有婴孩被放入，保护舱就会自动通知负责管理的人士前来取走及照顾被遗弃的婴孩。

The protection class is usually set in hospitals or community service center,Insulation is generally with a small box,Covered by the soft mattress.Mattress is equipped with sensors,Once the baby was put in,Protection module will automatically notify the responsible for the management to take and take care of the abandoned baby.

　　从1996年开始，以匈牙利为首，德国、比利时、瑞士、荷兰、捷克、奥地利、意大利等欧洲多个国家陆续设置了总数过百的弃婴保护舱。同时，在印度、巴基斯坦、菲律宾、日本、南非等欧洲以外的国家，这种形式的弃婴装置也逐渐被采用。

Starting in 1996,Headed by Hungary,Germany/Belgium/The Swiss/In the Netherlands/The Czech republic/Austria/Italy and other European countries also set the total number of abandoned babies protection module.At the same time,In India/Pakistan/In the Philippines/Japan/South Africa and other countries outside Europe,This form of abandoned device has been used.

　　婴孩被弃置于保护舱之后的命运如何？在德国，弃婴的家长可以在8周内反悔并取回自己的孩子，并且不需要承担任何法律责任。8周之后，被弃置的婴孩将会向社会开放领养。

After the baby was left to protect the tank fate?In Germany,Baby's parents can in 8 weeks back and retrieve their children,And do not need to undertake any legal responsibility.After eight weeks,Be disposed of will be open to the public to adopt babies.

澳大利亚 寄养到领养按程序 Australia's foster care to the adopted according to the program

　　澳大利亚还没有设置弃婴保护舱。不过，澳大利亚在对弃婴的暂时和长期处置上有一套完善的流程。

Australia has not abandoned protection set cabin.but,Australia on temporary and long-term disposal of abandoned on a set of perfect process.

　　如果弃婴在被医院等机构发现后，婴孩家长没有出来认领，那么弃婴将被送往寄养中心临时寄养。以新南威尔士州为例，该州伍伦贡市一家医院在2010年4月接收了一名被遗弃的男婴。在施以必要治疗以及寻索父母未果的前提下，这名男婴一周后被送往了寄养中心临时寄养。

If the baby after being spotted by hospitals and other institutions,Baby parents coming to claim,The baby will be sent to a foster centre temporary foster care.In new south wales, for example,The state to wollongong city hospital in April 2010, received a abandoned baby.The necessary treatment was administered, and seek parents under the premise of not if really,The boy was sent to a foster centre a week after the temporary foster care.

　　在寄养一段时间后，如果弃婴父母仍不出现，弃婴将转去寄养中心，并向社会开放领养。和许多国家一样，澳大利亚政府对于领养人有严格的规定。

In foster care after a period of time,If baby parents still don't appear,Baby will go to the foster care center,Open to adopt to the society.As with many countries,The Australian government to adopt strict rules.

　　澳大利亚过去曾经接受大量来自英国的海外孤儿，以及强制土著儿童接受白人家庭领养，在儿童领养方面有过惨痛的历史教训。但近年来，随着引进单身母亲福利、法律允许终止妊娠以及妇女儿童权益得到进一步保障，澳大利亚一方面出现领养绝对数量下降的现象，另一方面社会更倾向接纳孤儿由家庭领养，而非在福利院或寄养中心成长。

Australia used to accept a large number of overseas orphans from Britain,And forced aboriginal children receive white foster homes,In terms of child adoption have had bitter historical lesson.But in recent years,With the introduction of single mothers/Law allows termination as well as the protection of children and women's rights further,Australia on the one hand, adopt the absolute quantity decline phenomenon,On the other hand social by foster homes are more likely to accept orphans,Instead of growing up in the orphanage or foster care center.

记者手记 弃婴管理不可忽视 Reporter's note abandoned management cannot be ignored

　　“弃婴管理”一直是个充满争议的社会问题。西方发达国家在福利社会建设上起步得早，弃婴管理也做得相对比较完善，却仍备受批评。

"Baby management"Has always been a controversial social issue.The western developed countries started early on welfare society construction,They can do baby management is relatively perfect,But still are criticized.

　　举例来说，美国的“安全港法案”和欧洲多国的“弃婴保护舱”就被指责鼓励弃婴行为和侵犯弃婴知道自己身份的权利。

For instance,,In the United States"Safe harbor bill"And European countries"Baby protection module"Was accused of encourage the abandoned baby behavior and invasion on the rights of abandoned babies know their identity.

　　然而，如果缺失了必要的行政监管和社会支持，弃婴问题只能是社会更大的伤痛。袁厉害就是一个活生生的例子，赞成她收养行为的大有人在。公平地说，袁厉害是好心做了坏事。但造成这件坏事的，恰恰是社会在必要监管和干预方面的缺失。

however,If you lack the necessary administrative supervision and social support,Baby problem can only is the social more pain.Yuan is a living example,In favor of her adoption behavior.It's fair to say,Yuan is doing the bad thing.But the bad thing,Is precisely the society is the lack of necessary supervision and intervention.

　　如果弃婴行为无法杜绝，那么我们也希望，不幸被遗弃的婴孩能够存活下来。因此，类似“安全港法案”和“弃婴保护舱”的措施是没有办法的办法，也是社会应该提供的保障。

If the abandoned baby behavior not to eliminate,So we also hope that,Unfortunately the abandoned baby can survive.so,Similar to the"Safe harbor bill"and"Baby protection module"There is no way to measure,As well as the guarantee for society should provide.