日前，广州市政协委员、广州医学院副教授刘远明对外透露，广州医学院将正式更名为“广州医科大学”。据介绍，这也是继广州大学后，广州第二所市属高校戴上“大学”头衔。无独有偶，浙江省也有三所院校改名升级，浙江财经学院、温州医学院、浙江水利水电专科学校升格后，将成为“浙江财经大学”、“温州医科大学”、“浙江水利水电专科学院”。

recently,Guangzhou CPPCC/Guangzhou medical college, an associate professor at LiuYuanMing revealed,Will officially changed its name to guangzhou medical college"Guangzhou medical university".According to introducing,This is after the guangzhou university,Guangzhou college put on by the second"At the university"The title.similarly,There are three schools of zhejiang province changed its name to upgrade,Zhejiang institute of finance and economics/Wenzhou medical college/Zhejiang water conservancy and hydropower college after upgrade,Will be a"Zhejiang university of finance and economics"/"Wenzhou medical college"/"Zhejiang water conservancy and hydropower college".

　　新的一年刚开始，众多高校就掀起一股改名的热潮。据统计，近十年的时间里，我国因各种原因更换校名的高等院校达到三百多所，高校名录中有七分之一的大学变成了“新面孔”，其中不少是“学院”改“大学”。中国大学为何频频更名，是“新瓶装旧酒”还是真的“升级换代”，更名的背后有怎么样的玄机？

A New Year begins,Many colleges and universities can set off a upsurge of name.According to the statistics,Nearly ten years,In our country for various reasons change the names of the institutions of higher learning reached more than three hundred,List of colleges and universities into one 7 of the university"New faces",Many of them are"college"To change"At the university".Why China university has changed its name,is"Old wine in new bottles"Or the real"upgrading",What kind of the mystery behind the name?

地方院校热衷戴上“大帽子” Local colleges and universities keen on"Big hat"

　　在这个寒假，回到山东老家过年的大学一年级新生孙立和家人作了一番长谈，决定退学复读。与半年前家里人欢天喜地设宴送他上学不同的是，孙立的脸上一片愁云惨雾，他报考了西部某理工大学，读物理专业，“到了这所学校，才发现它的理科专业教学水平太差，也没有好的实验室设备，老师讲课就是照本宣科”，这所学校的前身是当地一所机械学院，除了机械专业，别的专业水平都一般，“当初报名时就看重学校听着挺响亮的牌子了，进去读之后才发现就是个错误的选择”。

In this winter vacation,Back to hometown for the holiday, shandong university freshman Sun Li as had a long talk with my family,Decided to drop out answer read.With six months ago the family happy feasting and send him to school are different,A gloom Sun Li face,He enters oneself for an examination the west university of science and technology,Read the physics major,"In the school,Only to find that it's bad science professional teaching level,No good laboratory equipment,The teacher is from the book",The school's predecessor is a local institute of machinery,In addition to the machinery,Other professional level is general,"At the beginning when you sign up sounded loud brand value the school,After reading only to find that is a wrong choice".

　　地方院校戴上“大帽子”，“学院”改“大学”，成为高校改名热中的一支庞大的队伍。孙立就读的这所学校就在前几年如此“改头换面”的，面对这种情况，不少专家建议填志愿应留心改名高校的“前世今生”。

Local colleges and universities"Big hat","college"To change"At the university",As a large team of the renamed hot in colleges and universities.Sun Li attended this school in a few years ago"A makeover"the,In the face of such situation,Many experts suggest fill volunteer should pay attention to change name of colleges and universities"All men are mortal".

　　那么学院和大学到底有何异同？根据教育部的《普通本科学校设置暂行规定》，学院和大学主要体现在办学规模的不同，规定“称为学院的，全日制在校生规模应在5000人以上。称为大学的，全日制在校生规模应在8000人以上，在校研究生数不低于全日制在校生总数的5%。”换言之，就是大学一定要比学院大，而学院一旦符合大学的条件，则可以获得“晋升”。当然，艺术和体育院校不受此限制。

, then, what are the similarities and differences of college and university?According to the ministry of education[Provisional rules of ordinary undergraduate course the school setting],Colleges and universities is mainly manifested in different scale,provisions"Known as the institute of,Size should be in more than 5000 full-time students.Called at the university of,Size should be in more than 8000 full-time students,Graduate students for not less than 5% of the total number of full-time students."In other words,Is the university must be bigger than college,Once can meet the requirements of university and college,You can get"A promotion".Of course,,No limitation for arts and sports colleges and universities.

　　“学院”和“大学”的区别还在于其它教学资源的多寡。学院要求有专任教师280人以上，研究生学历教师不低于三成，副高级专业技术职称的教师不低于三成，正教授至少10人。而大学则要求专任教师中具有研究生学历的人员比例达到半数，具有博士学位的教师要达到两成，对于教授的人数要求则更为苛刻，要求有400名具备高级专业技术职务的专任教师，其中正教授不低于100人。

"college"and"At the university"The difference between the amount of other teaching resources are.College requires more than 280 people full-time teachers,Graduate student degree in teacher of no less than thirty percent,High professional and technical titles of teachers is not lower than thirty percent,Professor is at least 10 people.While university require full-time teachers with graduate degrees in proportion to half,Has a doctorate in teachers to reach twenty percent,Professor for the number of people are more demanding,Requires 400 have full-time teachers, senior professional technical position,The professor is not less than 100 people.

　　除此以外，学院若想晋级为大学，还要在科研经费、科研成果、重点实验室和重点学科、硕士点数量上达标，并且还得连招五届硕士生。

In addition to this,College to qualify for university,In scientific research/Scientific research achievements/Key laboratory of and key disciplines/Amount to mark on the master unit,And also LianZhao five masters.

　　与中国的“学院”、“大学”不同，国外高等院校并无此严格区分，一些世界名校依然顶着“学院”的牌子，如麻省理工学院、伦敦政治经济学院等。

With China's"college"/"At the university"different,Foreign institutions of higher learning and without the strict distinction,Some of the world still in school"college"Of the brand,Such as the Massachusetts institute of technology/The London school of economics, etc.

利益的诱惑是惊人的 The temptation of interests is astonishing

　　学院一旦更名为大学，其背后的利益诱惑是惊人的，不仅相应的行政级别可能因此获得提升，新换的校名也能吸引更多学生报考。不少本来已经是“大学”的高等院校，也争相改名。如北方交通大学更名为北京交通大学，一字之差，却突出了大学地处首都的优势。

Once college changed its name to university,Behind the interests of the temptation is amazing,Not only the corresponding administrative level could be promoted,New names in also can attract more students to enter oneself for an examination.Many already is"At the university"The institutions of higher learning,Are scrambling to change name.Such as the northern jiaotong university was renamed Beijing jiaotong university,there,It highlights the advantages of the university is located in the capital.

　　有业内人士告诉记者，由于“大学”的行政级别通常会略高于“学院”，因为更名后的院校，在资金拨付和人事等方面将有更大优势，“一般大学通常为正厅级，但学院往往是副厅级，大学校长开会时候可以和地级市的市长‘平起平坐’，但学院的院长只能对等到副市长那里去，话都说不上。”

The personage inside course of study tells a reporter,Due to the"At the university"Usually slightly higher than the administrative level"college",Because the renamed colleges and universities,In such aspects as appropriated funds and personnel will have more advantage,"University is usually in the main hall class commonly,But college is often the CPC,The university President and the meeting time can level city mayor‘A par’,But, the dean of vice mayor can only to wait for,Words can't say."

　　而不少大学会在更名时，可以将其原有的专业名称模糊化，一方面是为了突出自己已经是综合大学，另一方面则是因为过去的“矿业”、“轻工业”、“冶金”等名字太土，怕招不到学生。不少冠名为“某科技大学”的院校前身都是专业的工科学院，如天津科技大学前身为天津轻工业学院，北京信息科技大学前身为北京机械工业学院和北京信息工程学院，江苏科技大学前身为华东船舶工业学院。

While many universities will change its name,Its original name can be blurred,On the one hand is is to highlight our comprehensive university,On the other hand because of the past"mining"/"Light industry"/"metallurgy"Such names as too the soil,Afraid to find students.A lot of name"A university of science and technology"The predecessor is a professional engineering college,Such as the predecessor of tianjin institute of light industry in tianjin university of science and technology,Beijing information science and technology university, formerly known as Beijing institute of mechanical industry and Beijing institute of information engineering,Formerly known as jiangsu university of science and technology institute of east China shipbuilding industry.

　　由于更名后去掉了专业名称，许多大学校名过于“大而皇之”，不仅没有体现大学所在的地域特色，也失去了大学过往的专业特色优势。例如西安公路交通大学、西安工程学院、西北建筑工程学院更名为长安大学，吉林师范学院、吉林医学院、吉林林学院、吉林电气化高等专科学校合并更名为北华大学，江汉石油学院、湖北农学院、荆州师范学院、湖北省卫生职工医学院合并更名为长江大学，中南工学院、衡阳医学院等合并更名为南华大学。

Due to the renamed removed the professional name,Many universities names too"Big and emperor of the",Not only did not reflect the university's local characteristics,Advantage has lost its college of professional characteristics.Universities such as xi 'an highway traffic/Xi 'an college of engineering/Northwest construction engineering college renamed chang 'an university,Jilin normal college/Jilin medical college/Jilin forestry college/Jilin electrification college merged renamed university of north China,Jianghan petroleum institute/Hubei agronomy/Jingzhou teachers college/Health worker union renamed the Yangtze university in hubei province,Central institute of technology/Hengyang medical college and other merger changed its name to nanhua university.

　　但是，许多高等学府之所以愿意“舍身”合并，一个重要的原因是，只有几个同城的小高等院校合并在一起，其的教师人数，硕士点数量往往才能符合教育部“晋升”大学的“硬杠杠”，这也导致许多小“学院”不得不抱团更名成大学，合并更名，成了“晋升”大学的捷径。而考生们也会认为，这些院校已经符合了大学的办学标准，自然前来投考。

but,Many universities are willing to"throw"merger,Is an important reason,Only a few city small colleges merged together,The number of teachers,Master Numbers tend to conform to the ministry of education"A promotion"At the university of"Hard leverage",It has also led to many small"college"Have to means of changed its name into a university,Merger changed its name,Became a"A promotion"A shortcut to the university.The students also think,These colleges have conforms to the standard of running a university,Natural to form.

　　为了防止高校更名过于离谱，教育部规定，高校校名不冠以“中国”、“中华”、“国家”等字样，不以个人姓名命名，不使用省、自治区、直辖市和学校所在城市以外的地域名。但这却依然无法阻挡更多超过学校实际规模、令人大跌眼镜的校名层出不穷。

In order to prevent the university changed its name too outrageous,By the ministry of education,Names do not refer to colleges and universities"China"/"The Chinese"/"countries"With the words such as,Not named after a personal name,Do not use the provinces/The autonomous region/Municipalities directly under the central government and the school city outside the region.But it still can't stop this school more than the actual size/Surprising names emerge in endlessly.

有人欢喜有人愁 Some happy some sad

　　许多高校不仅热衷于更改自己的校名，还乐于更改下属院系的名称，而这样的改动则相对于改校名来说容易许多。有在高校从事招生工作的老师告诉记者，改校名的动力通常来自于校方，因为更改学校名称可以招徕生源，但更改院系名称的动力则来自于学生，尤其是毕业班学生。因为如果院系名称设定不好，他们在找工作写简历的时候就会遇到困扰。

Many colleges and universities not only eager to change their names,Are happy to change the name of the subordinate departments,While such changes relative to change of name easy to many.Have engaged in the recruitment of students work in colleges and universities teacher told reporters,Power usually come from the school of change the name,Because change the school name can attract students,But the momentum of change faculty name from student,Especially the graduating class students.Because if the department name set is bad,They will encounter when looking for a job resume.

　　一名在某地方院校学新闻专业的学生告诉记者，他就读大学时，所在的专业隶属于该校的“人文学院”，上学四年里，他和同学们一直希望自己的学院改成和新闻有关的院系名称，但却迟迟不见动静，以至于经常有亲戚朋友把他的学校误解成“人文大学”。

In a local college student of journalism, told reporters,He attended college,The professional belonging to the school"College of humanities",To go to school four years,He and his classmates always wanted to own institute faculty name change and news,But nothing happened,So much so that his school friends and relatives often misunderstood"College of humanities".

　　更为尴尬的事情出现在毕业的那一年，“用人单位一看到我的简历，就以为是二级学院的三本学生，其实我们明明都是过了重点线考进来的正式生。”后来，这名学生就只在自己简历里面写成“新闻传播系”，而非“人文学院”。毕业之后，他原先所在的学院如愿更名，自己也如释重负，“总算以后不用解释那么多了，也希望学弟学妹们以后找工作不会再碰钉子了。”

A more embarrassing things appear in the year of graduation,"Unit of choose and employ persons at the sight of my resume,Just thought it was 3 of secondary school students,We crossed the finish line it is actually born in formal test."later,The student will have to be written in your resume"Press lines",Rather than"College of humanities".After I graduated,His wish was originally in the college,Oneself also relieved,"Later don't need to explain so much at long last,Also hope, to find a job after the lower classwoman drove to won't prohibitive."

　　之所以会出现院系名称的不断调整，有的是因为把过去的“系”升格为“院”，也有的学院，当初成立时候专业学科数量就不足，所以拟定的名称非常模糊，等到配齐了“兵员”，“兵团”的番号自然也随之改变。

Is the school name will appear constantly,Have a plenty of because of the past"Department of"Upgraded to"court",Also some college,They created when amount is less than professional discipline,So the proposed name is very fuzzy,Wait to match neat"men","Production and construction corps"Of our nature also changed.

　　不过，也不是所有毕业生都乐于见到自己的母校频频更名。有很多在专业领域声名显赫的学院，一旦因为院校合并或者学院升格成大学，校名变得面目全非，不仅业界难再认可，校友们也会觉得“没了校史”，失去了过往的记忆。例如原白求恩医科大学被并入吉林大学后，从“吉林大学”四个字已经看不出白求恩医科大学上溯至1939年的晋察冀军区白求恩卫生学校和第十八集团军卫生学校的光辉历史。

but,Not all graduates are happy to see their Alma mater has changed its name.There are a lot of fame in the field of professional college,Once because of colleges and universities merger or college upgraded to university,Names become unrecognizable,Not only the industry difficult to approval again,Alumni will find"No history",Lost the memory of past.Such as the original, Norman Bethune medical university after being incorporated into jilin university,From the"Jilin university"Four words have already can't see back to 1939, Bethune medical university Bethune medical school of shanxi-chahaer-hebei military command and the eighteenth group army health school of glorious history.

　　有从华西医科院毕业的口腔医生告诉记者，“华西”两个字在医学界声名显赫，但并入四川大学后，自己的简历上都要加上与自己学习经历毫不搭边的“四川大学”前缀，感觉颇为玩味。

Have graduated from west China YiKeYuan oral doctor told reporters,"huaxi"Two words in the medical profession is prominent,But after merged with sichuan university,With his resume and learning experience, not on yourself"Sichuan university,"The prefix,Feeling rather ponder.

　　一名从某“科技”大学毕业的网络工程师谢先生告诉记者这样一件逸事。他入学时候，学校的名称还是某“工程学院”，在业内也算小有名气，但毕业时候学校改成某“科技”大学的牌子，部分学生因此非常不满。一名学生在毕业论文答辩时，居然在论文的封面上赫然印着原来的校名，当答辩老师提出这名学生的论文封面校名有误时，该生竟然拿出了自己四年前的录取通知书愤然拍在桌子上，说自己是被该“工程学院”录取的，却从来没有被某“科技”大学录取，有录取通知书为证。全场教师无语愕然，最终也只得让他通过答辩。（赵昂）

A from one"Science and technology"Graduated from the university of network engineer Mr. Xie told reporters that a anecdotes.He admission,The name of the school or something"College of engineering",In the industry was a minor celebrity,But graduated from school into one"Science and technology"Brand of the university of,Some students so very unhappy.A student at the time of graduation thesis,In paper was printed on the front cover of the original names,When defense teacher put forward the student's paper cover names is wrong,The student took out their letter of admission from four years ago to take on the table in anger,Said he was the"College of engineering"Admission to the,But has never been one"Science and technology"College admissions,With the admission notice to prove it.All teachers speechless astonishment,Finally also had to let him pass defense.(Zhao Ang)