这几年对中国学生没有创造欲望和创新精神的批评几乎没有停止过。问题到底出在哪里？我们又该如何既让孩子们从残酷的竞争中脱颖而出，又恰当地保护他们的好奇心？

In recent years to Chinese students did not create the desire and the innovative spirit of criticism has almost no stop.Where is the problem really out?How do we let the children from both the cruel competition,And properly protect their curiosity?

　　秦春华是北京大学招生办公室主任。能站到他面前的高中生，应该是中国基础教育培养出的顶尖孩子了，起码也是考试能手。同时，在多年高校招生的过程中，他也从基础教育界的朋友那听到不少故事。他发现，当前基础教育领域确实存在不少隐忧，而且有些正在动摇高等教育的根基，对于国家和民族的未来可能带来相当大的损害。

Qin Chunhua is director of the admissions office of Peking University.High school students can stand before him,Should is China's basic education develop top baby,At least also exam experts.At the same time,In many years in the college admissions process,He also heard many stories from friend of basic education.He found that the,The current basic education field exists a lot of concerns,And some are being shaken the foundation of higher education,For the future of country and nation may cause considerable damage.

　　今天本版刊出秦春华的文章，就是希望通过他的眼睛和思考，和读者一起，直面现实、共同反思，探索解决之道。

Today, this edition is published Qin Chunhua articles,Is hope through his eyes and thinking,And readers together,To face the reality/Common reflection,To explore the solution.

　　故事一：有一年，某省的一位理科“高考状元”希望和我见一面。我问他：“你来过北大吗？”他不说话。我问他：“你来过北京吗？”他还是不说话。这样的交流是无法进行下去的。我只好问他：“你喜欢什么？”这应当是最好回答的——他依旧不吱声。无奈之下，我只好问他：“你将来希望读什么专业呀？”他终于回答了，但答案让我大吃一惊。他很小声地说：“你问我的老师吧。”听到这句话后，我断然拒绝了他上北大的愿望，尽管他是所谓的“高考状元”——这样的学生北大是没有办法培养的。

A story:One year,,A province science department"Gaokao champions"Hope and I saw one side.I asked him:"You have been to Peking University?"He don't talk.I asked him:"Have you been to Beijing?"He is not talking.Such communication will not be able to proceed.I have to ask him:"What do you like?"This should be the best answer, he remained silent.In desperation,I have to ask him:"You will want to read what professional?"He finally answered,But the answer surprised me.He said very quietly:"You ask my teacher."After hearing these words,I flatly rejected his desire at Peking University,Although he is the so-called"Gaokao champions"- the student of Peking University is that there is no way to develop.

　　故事二：某省的一所中学，因为师资和生源都无法和其他更好的中学竞争，无奈之下，校长想出了一招，结果收到奇效。他的办法是，不允许学生去做很难的题目，而只针对高考必考的80％的内容进行反复训练。合格的标准是什么呢？学生拿到题目仅仅只是会做甚至做对是不够的，你必须不假思索地说出正确答案。这种训练小白鼠的方法保证了这所中学极高的一本上线率，尽管考上北大清华的并不多。中学校长坦言：“这就是我的目标。”

Story 2:Province of a middle school,Because the teachers and students can better high school and other competition,In desperation,The headmaster came up with a recruit,The results get surprise effect.His solution is to,Don't allow students to do very difficult subject,But only on the content of the study 80% of the college entrance examination training again and again.Qualified standard is what?Students to get the title just will do what even is not enough,You must say the correct answer without hesitation.This method ensures the training rats high an online rate in this middle school,Although admitted to Peking University, tsinghua university is not much.High school principal said:"This is my goal."

　　故事三：某省的中考结束后，一学生考了“中考状元”。该省最好的一所中学动员该生来校就读。这个学生年龄比较小，还不到13岁，用奶声奶气的声音对中学校长说：“我很想去你们学校。可是我家离你们学校太远了。你能不能给我在学校附近租套房子，让我爸爸妈妈陪我？如果可以的话，我就去你们学校。”中学校长听了这句话后，半晌说不出话来，但最后还是屈服了。

The story of three:After the examination of province,A student had an"Test the first".One of the best middle school in the province to mobilize the school attended by nature.The student age is small,Is less than 13 years old,With the sound of the milk milk voice said to the high school principal:"I very want to go to your school.But my home is far away your school.Can you give me rent apartment near the school,Let my mom and dad with me?If you can,I go to your school."After listening to these words high school principal,A long time could not say words,But eventually caved.

　　故事四：某省一所著名的“超级中学”，每年考上北大、清华的学生多达几十个。学校规定：冬天女生不能洗头发。理由是，冬天洗头发干得慢，容易感冒，会影响学习；除了苹果和梨之外，学生不允许吃任何水果。理由是，其他水果容易变质，吃坏肚子，会影响学习。该校的学生从来不洗袜子和内裤，都是积攒到一个塑料袋里，周末让家长拿回家洗。无论男女生都是一样。

The story of four:A famous province"Super high school",Every year, admitted to Peking University/As many as dozens of tsinghua students.The school rules:Girls can't wash your hair in the winter.The reason is that,Wash your hair dry slowly in the winter,Easy to catch a cold,Will affect the learning;In addition to the apples and pears,Students are not allowed to eat any fruit.The reason is that,Other fruits turned bad quickly,Eat bad belly,Will affect the learning.The school students never wash your socks and underwear,Is saved into a plastic bag,Let parents to take home to wash over the weekend.Both men and women are the same.

　　由于篇幅所限，我的故事只能讲到这里。这些故事虽然不能说明基础教育的全部，但窥一斑而知全豹，却也可以反映出现实中的某些客观情况。在我看来，这些故事至少告诉我们当前基础教育领域存在着若干隐忧，在某些著名中学情况可能更为严重。

Due to the limitation of space,My story can only at this point.Although these stories based education doesn't mean all of them,But look the whole sceneries,But also can reflect the reality of some objective conditions.In my opinion,These stories tell us that there are some areas of the current basic education at least concern,In some famous middle school, it may be more serious.

　　首先，我们正在以培训替代教育。教育的功能正在弱化，甚至丧失。学生正在被当成实验室中的小白鼠一样被训练成条件反射型的考试机器。社会、学校和家长正在被裹挟进应试教育的泥潭而无法自拔。尽管每个人都知道这违背了教育规律，尽管每个人都不愿意看到孩子受这么多无意义的苦，但个体的理性无力对抗集体的非理性。

First of all,We are in training instead of education.The function of the education is weakening,And even lost.Students are treated as the lab mice are trained to be conditioned reflex type test machine.social/Schools and parents are being sticked into the exam-oriented education bogged down.Even though everyone knows that it has violated the law of education,Although everyone don't want to see children suffer so much meaningless things,But individual rationality is unable to fight against the collective irrationality.

　　我不是教育学专业出身，无法从理论上阐明培训和教育的区别，但自身受教育的过程告诉我，教育和培训其实是不一样的。培训是用已知的知识去训练，目的是通过千百次的重复使被培训者掌握某种已知技能；教育虽然也是通过已知的知识去训练，但其目的却是使受教育者获得探索未知世界的能力；培训变成千人一面的机器，它会抹杀掉所有的个性，教育面对的却是一个个活生生的个体，所谓“因材施教”是也；培训使你听不懂任何句子也能得出听力考试的正确答案，甚至也可能掌握一门语言，但你永远也理解不了那个国家的文化，教育却可以使你超越语言的鸿沟而深谙文化的精髓；培训是“知其然”，教育能使你“知其所以然”：最形象的例子莫过于通过驾校学车。驾校的培训能让你轻松通过考试，但你拿到驾照后还是不敢上路行车，教育却能使你获得在复杂路况下依然能够安全行车的能力；培训和教育最大的区别也许是，教育会培养你形成正确的价值观，培训永远也不可能做到这一点——它的目的性太强了。

I am not professional education background,Unable to theoretically clarify the difference between training and education,But by the process of education itself, told me,Education and training is not the same.Training is to train with a known knowledge,The purpose is to make through repeated one thousand times by trainers to master certain skills;Although education is through the known knowledge to training,But its purpose is making educatees acquire ability to explore the unknown;Training into a collection of machines,It will erase all the personality,Education is faced with a living individual,The so-called"According to their aptitude"Is also;Training makes you can't understand any sentence can also be concluded that the correct answer to the hearing test,Might even learn a language,But you will never understand the culture of that country,Education can make you beyond the gap of language and understand the essence of culture;Training is"learning",Education can make you"To know the why":The most vivid example is through driving school student driver.Driving school training allows you to easily pass the exam,But still can't on the road driving after you get a driver's license,Education makes you gain under complex road conditions can still safe driving ability;Perhaps the biggest difference between training and education,Education will train you to form the correct values,Training will never be able to do this - it's purpose is too strong.

　　其次，我们的培训正在使学生日益丧失理想和抱负，慢慢地变成斤斤计较的小市侩。他们不再野心勃勃，“敢叫日月换新天”，也不再有旺盛顽强的挑战欲望，藐视权威。他们没有远大的理想和抱负，只满足于学习那些看得见摸得着的热门专业，希望毕业后赶紧挣钱，挣大钱。他们不知道自己喜欢什么，甚至不知道自己不喜欢什么。在近几年的自主选拔录取面试中，我们见到越来越多的学生要去光华管理学院，要去学经济。至于经济学和管理学是什么？为什么要学这些专业？却茫然不明所以。充其量能答一句：“大家都觉得好呗！”那些能够明确说出自己的兴趣和爱好的学生越来越少，不禁令人扼腕痛惜。

The second,Our training is to make students getting lost ideal and ambition,Slowly become haggle over every ounce little babbitt.They don't have big ambitions,"Dare to call the sun in the heavens",Also there will be no desire strong strong challenge,Contempt for authority.They don't have big dreams and ambitions,Only meet those tangible learning popular major,Want to earn money after graduation,Earn big money.They don't know what you like,Don't even know you don't like.In recent years autonomous selection in the admission interview,We see more and more students want to go to the guanghua school of management,Going to study economic.As for economics and management is what?Why do you want to learn this major?But vacant unknown so.At best, could answer a word:"Everyone feel good!"Who can say their interests and hobbies of students,Can't help).

　　更加令人忧虑的是，小小年纪，他们已经懂得了分数的价值，为了一分的高低而展开激烈的竞争，甚至不择手段。他们也懂得了用分数去讨价还价，通过精巧的计算换取自己所需要的东西，甚至随时根据出价的多少任意变换自己的承诺。古人“千金一诺”在现实利益面前一文不值。许多中学校长告诉我，他们辛辛苦苦花费了3年的道德诚信教育，在高考填报志愿的7天里被击得粉碎。学生前一分钟说的话后一分钟马上就可以不算数，速度之快令人咂舌。“精致的利己主义者”其实在中学就已经出现了。

Even more worrying,At an early age,They already know the value of the score,For a point of intense competition,Even by hook or by crook.They also learned to bargaining with scores,Through elaborate calculation for anything you need,Even change my commitment according to how much any bid at any time.The ancients"To commit"Nothing in the presence of real interest.Many high school principal told me,They worked so hard to take the moral integrity education for 3 years,In the college entrance examination application 7 days was shattered.Students said one minute one minute after can not count immediately,Speed is startling."Exquisite egoist"Actually has been in high school.

　　第三，我们的培训正在日益扼杀学生的创造欲望和创新精神。日复一日的反复训练，千篇一律的八股样板，琐碎无聊的应试技巧，已经像磨盘一样一点一滴地磨去学生的好奇心、想象力和创造性。学生除了课本上的知识点外，不知有汉，无论魏晋——课本之外的高考不考，当然不值得花费时间和精力。更加令人忧虑的是，学生对于老师讲的东西深信不疑，在课本和老师之外给出答案即是错误，结果只能是学生极为可贵的怀疑精神日益丧失，更谈不上大学极为重视的批判性思维的训练与养成。大学接受的是没有独立思维的应声虫，想把他们培养成具有创新精神的拔尖创新人才可谓是“难于上青天”！

In the third,Our training is increasingly stifle student's creation desire and spirit of innovation.Repeated training day after day,Template of cookie-cutter stereotype,Trivial test-prep tricks,Is like a millstone bit by bit to grind to the curiosity of students/Imagination and creativity.Students in addition to textbook knowledge,I don't know there are han,Regardless of the wei and jin dynasty, textbook outside of the college entrance examination examination,Of course, it's not worth to spend time and energy.Even more worrying,Student to teacher speak of things,Outside of the textbooks and teacher gives the answer is wrong,Results can only be increasingly sceptical spirit loss of students is extremely valuable,Let alone university very attaches great importance to the training and cultivation of critical thinking.University accept echo is no independent thinking,Want to put them into top creative talents with innovation spirit is"It devilishly hard to"!

　　第四，目前大一统的高考制度正在人为地割裂中学和大学的有机联系。教育是一个连续的过程。尽管有小学、中学、大学的分野，也只不过是根据学生的不同年龄而划分的不同阶段而已。而它们之间应当像接力赛一样实现无缝连接。也就是说，每一阶段都应当成为下一阶段的基础，在每一阶段的后期都应当留有足够的时间和空间和下一阶段的前期相联系，并且学生适应这种变化的过程越短越好。

In the fourth,Unified the university entrance exam system is artificially organic connection between middle school and university.Education is a continuous process.In spite of the primary school/Middle school/Division of the university of,Also is only according to the students of different age and divided into different stages.And should be like a relay to realize seamless connection between them.That is to say,Each phase should be the basis of the next stage,At each stage of the late should leave enough time and space, and the next stage of prophase,And students to adapt to the change process as short as possible.

　　遗憾的是，目前的高考制度完全割裂了中学教育和大学教育的连续性。在应试教育的指挥下（我觉得，应试教育的提法可能不够准确，事实上，它和教育没有什么关系，充其量只能称作应试培训），中学的教育过程被高考过滤了。中学教育正在被异化为高考强化培训班——特别是在高三最后一年，其目的只剩下了一个：考上最好的大学。

It is a pity that,At present, the college entrance examination system completely off the continuity of the secondary education and university education.Under the command of exam-oriented education(I think,The exam-oriented education idea may not be accurate enough,In fact,,It and education don't have what relation,At best, can only be called exam-oriented training),Middle school education course in the university entrance exam to filter.Middle school education is being alienation for the university entrance exam of intensive training, especially in the last three years,Its purpose only:Get into the best university.

　　凡是有利于实现这个目标的，都要不遗余力地做到；凡是和实现这个目标没有关系或关系不大的，可以统统舍弃。中学并不关心大学对人才的需求，大学需要的人才在中学也越来越难以找到。两个原本应当建立最亲密关系的人却变成最熟悉的陌生人。这既违背了基本的教育规律，也极大地损害了每一阶段人才培养的质量。难怪一些有理想的中学校长在悲叹：“大学需要的是素质教育，中学生存需要的是应试教育，作为中学校长，我们只能脚踩两只船，还不能让船翻了。何其难也！”

That will help achieve this goal,Will spare no effort to do it;Anyone who has nothing to do with achieving this goal or not,Can completely give up.High school doesn't care about university of talent demand,Universities need to people in high school is becoming more and more difficult to find.Two originally should establish the most intimate relationship between people has become the most familiar strangers.It is against the basic law of education,Also greatly damage the quality of the each stage talent cultivation.It is no wonder that some ideal high school principal in the wail:"Universities need to quality-oriented education,Survival needs is exam-oriented education in middle school,As a high school principal,We can only feet trample two ship,Can't let the boat turned over.How difficult is!"

　　如果上述分析是真的，那么，问题究竟出在哪里？是我们的基础教育喜欢这样做吗？他们难道不知道这样做的危害吗？非也！君不见，面对社会的质疑和呼声，基础教育工作者凭着对教育事业的忠诚和激情，在素质教育方面进行了大量卓有成效的创新，减负、减压、快乐教育、课程改革，等等，几乎每天都在改革，但收效似乎总是不大，甚至非常脆弱。

If the above analysis is true,then,To be the problem?Is the foundation of our education like doing?Don't they know the dangers of doing this?no!Have you noticed,Facing the social question and calls,Basic education workers with passion and loyalty to the cause of education,In the aspect of quality education to a large number of successful innovation,During the/decompression/Happy education/The curriculum reform,And so on,Almost every day during the reform,But it always seems to be little,Even very fragile.

　　制度经济学的基本原理告诉我们，人的行为受外在环境制度的约束。制度激励方向变化了，人的行为随之发生变化。这和道德没有任何关系。现在看起来，问题的关键可能还是在招生考试录取制度的改革上。只要目前完全依赖高考分数录取的制度不发生变化，上述分析的弊端和隐忧必然愈演愈烈。

The basic principle of institutional economics tell us,People's behavior of the external environment system.The direction of institutional incentives change,People's behavior changes.It doesn't have anything to do with morality.Now it seems,The crux of the problem may be in the recruitment of students test enrollment system reform.As long as it relies entirely on the college entrance examination scores admissions system not to change,The disadvantages of the above analysis and concern will be intensified.

　　无论基础教育领域出台多少好的政策措施，都无法撼动“应试教育”的根本，最终都会导致基础教育改革动力不足，使改革无疾而终，甚至会越改越乱。比如，教育部(微博)严令中小学不允许补课，于是，课内是减负了，但家长马上寻求课外的培训。所以就会出现中国基础教育的独特现象：学生在学校上学的时候很轻松，但放了学和周末就苦不堪言。因为面对这样一种完全依赖分数录取的制度，没有人敢不去培训，让自己的孩子在快乐中输在起跑线上，使自己成为一个“失败”的母亲。

No matter how many good policies and measures introduced basic education field,Can't shake"Takes an exam the education"The root of the,Eventually led to the foundation education reform power shortage,Make the reform fails,Even will change more and more disorderly.Such as the,The ministry of education(weibo)Ordered primary and secondary schools are not allowed to make up a missed lesson,so,Classroom is a burden,But parents seek extracurricular training immediately.So will appear the unique phenomenon of China's basic education:When students in the school is easy,But put learning and weekend is suffering.Because in the face of such a completely rely on scores admissions system,No one dared not go to training,Let their children lose at the starting line in happiness,Make yourself a"failure"The mother of.

　　换言之，只要目前完全依赖高考分数录取的制度发生某种程度的变化，高校录取除了依据分数（但不是唯一因素）外，还要考察学生的兴趣、爱好、特长、好奇心等其他综合性因素，那么，中学教育的方向和内容自然会随着指挥棒的变化而变化。社会和家长所乐于看到的基础教育的改革很快就会成为现实。这会比任何口号、号召、文件都有效果。

In other words,As long as the current depend entirely on the college entrance examination scores admissions system some degree of change,College, in addition to according to the scores(But it is not the only factor)outside,Check the students' interest/hobby/specialty/Curiosity, and other comprehensive factors,then,Direction and contents of middle school education nature will change as the change of the baton.Social and parents are happy to see the foundation education reform will soon become a reality.This slogan than any other/Call for/File was effective.