中新网3月1日电(阚枫)连日来，各地政府在中小学开学季推出的“减负新政”成为了舆论关注的焦点。多年来各地招数繁多的减负政策，换来的却是学生课业负担的越来越重。专家分析，相较于“禁令减负”，政府更应在改革中高考制度，促进教育均衡方面有所作为。

Beijing, March 1 (Reuters)(KanFeng)For several days,Local governments launched the back-to-school season in primary and secondary schools"During the New Deal"Became the focus of public opinion.Tips -- in a wide range of policies around for many years,For it is the student schoolwork burden is getting heavier and heavier.Expert analysis,Compared with"Ban during the",The government should more ZhongGaoKao system in the reform,Promoting education is balanced.

“减负令”带来的欣喜与焦虑 "Enquiring for"Bring joy and anxiety

　　本周以来，随着全国中小学陆续开学，一些地方教育部门出台的“减负禁令”再次成为社会关注的焦点。

Since this week,With the recent round of primary and secondary schools across the country,Some of the local education department"During the ban"Once again become the focus of social attention.

　　新学期，北京市教委宣布，将在义务教育阶段全面推行八项减负措施，对在校学习时间、作业量、考试次数等进行严格限定。要求小学不再组织期中考试；初中家庭作业不超过90分钟；中小学8点前不组织统一学习等。一时间，学生减负“八项规定”也成为新学期北京学生、家长、老师们的第一话题。

The new term,Beijing municipal education commission announced,Will be in the obligation education stage fully implementing eight relief measures,Time to learn at school/Of assignment/The number and so on carries on the strict limit.Request elementary school organization no longer the mid-term exam;Junior high school homework no more than 90 minutes;Primary and secondary school before 8 o 'clock not unified organizational learning, etc.At that time,Student during the"Eight rules"Beijing students also become the new semester/parents/Teachers in the first topic.

　　开学伊始，同样的“减负令”还在中国的多个地方出现。在福建厦门，被称为“最严减负令”的规定要求，严控学生在校时间、取消中小学早读，减少作业量，减少考试次数和难度，同时增加学生的自主活动和休息时间，增加学生阳光体育运动和综合实践活动的时间，确保义务教育阶段学生有8个小时的睡眠。

At the start of school,The same"Enquiring for"Also appeared in several places in China.In the fujian xiamen,Referred to as"The most strict burden to"The provisions of the requirements,Strict controls of students in the school time/Cancel to do morning reading of primary and secondary schools,Reduce production,Reduce the number and difficulty,At the same time increase the students' independent activities and time to rest,Sunshine sports movement and increase students comprehensive practical activities of the time,Ensure that compulsory education stage student have eight hours of sleep.

　　山东青岛规定，小学生每天保证睡眠10小时，初中学生9小时，高中学生8小时，学校校长作为减轻学生课业负担的第一责任人。江苏海门则要求“家庭作业必须经校长审核签发才能向学生布置”。

Shandong Qingdao rules,Pupils ensure sleep ten hours every day,Junior high school students in 9 hours,High school students eight hours,School principal as to reduce the financial burden of student schoolwork first person.Jiangsu haimen demands"Homework must be issued by the principal to the students".

　　招式纷繁的各地“减负令”出台后，一些媒体以“开学大礼包”的表述，来期许减负新政能够还孩子们一个轻松的学习环境。

Moves across numerous and complicated"Enquiring for"after,Some of the media to"Start package"Statement of the,To expect during the New Deal can also children a relaxed learning environment.

　　然而，在网络上一些老师和家长却争相抱怨起来。学校方面认为，减负令管得了校园内，却很难管住校外丛生的“辅导班”；家长们则焦虑，面对重重的升学压力和激烈的“择校”竞争，学校给孩子“放羊”会不会“让孩子输在起跑线上”？

however,Some teachers and parents were scrambling to complain on the Internet.Schools that,Hopping on the tube had on campus,But it's hard to hold on the outside"Remedial class";Parents are anxious,Heavy entrance pressure and heated face"School choice"competition,The school for their children"The sheep"Will not be"Let the children lose at the starting line"?

　　此外，条条框框的减负规定，会不会在具体落实中出现“政策走样”，会不会再次成为事不关己的“一阵风”？

In addition,During the provisions of the rules,Will appear in the concrete implementation"Policy gives",Will once again become irrelevant"A gust of wind"?

禁令会沦为“政策秀” ？校内减负校外增负 Ban will become"Policies show" ?The campus during the external loading

　　“以往的减负令出来之后，最高兴的就是各类中小学教育培训机构，我们的教育培训市场已经达到三千亿，这些钱都出自中国的家长口袋。”

"Past burden after make out,The most happy is all kinds of primary and secondary school education training organization,Our education training market has reached three hundred billion,These are from China's parents to pocket money."

　　对于老师、家长以及学生对于“减负令”的纠结心态，21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇在接受中新网记者采访时称，所谓的“学校减负”，最终往往以“校外增负”收场，而校外的负担不仅使学生的学业压力未减，还增加了家庭的教育支出。

For the teacher/For parents and students"Enquiring for"The tangle of mentality,Xiong bingqi, deputy director of 21st century education institute told news agency reporters in an interview,The so-called"The school students",Often end in"Outside of loading"conclusion,And outside burden not only makes students' academic pressure,Also increased education spending of the family.

　　其实，减负令成为“开学大礼包”并不是新鲜的事儿，近年来，在中国的很多地区，中小学开学季往往都是各地政府集中出台“减负新规”的时机。但是，在众多“史上最严”、“狠招减负”的政策之后，孩子们的书包却从“双肩背包”升级为“拉杆箱”，减负规定也多被社会指责为“雷声大，雨点小”的“政策秀”。

In fact,Burden to be"Start package"Is not fresh,In recent years,In many parts of China,Back-to-school of primary and secondary schools tend to be local governments focus on"During the new rules"The timing of the.but,In numerous"History's most severe"/"Malicious recruit students"After the policy of,The children from his bag"backpack"Upgrade to"Pull rod box",Burden also more be accused for the society"thunder,Little rain"the"Policies show".

　　然而，与以往学生减负多为缺乏问责的“口头禁令”不同，有评论认为，此番各地细致入微的“减负新政”可谓直指要害，刀刀见血，可操作性明显加强。

however,With past students burden more than a lack of accountability"Oral ban"different,Critics think,This time around the nuanced"During the New Deal"Is pointing to the key,Knife knife see blood,Maneuverability enhance obviously.

　　以北京为例，北京在严格限制学校每周课时总量之后，还特别要求，不得增加考试科目的课时或者减少、挪用体育、音乐、美术、综合实践活动等非考试科目的课时。此外，还有诸如“五六年级作业不超1小时”，“小学不搞全校期中考试”细致规定。但是在一些专家看来，这些看似“犀利”的新规还是没有触及“减负”的内涵。

In Beijing, for example,Beijing after strictly limited school total class time every week,Also special requirement,Shall not increase subjects or reduced teaching time/Misappropriation of sports/music/art/Comprehensive practice activity, such as the subjects of class.In addition,There are such as"Level five or six years operation does not exceed 1 hour","Primary school don't do the school mid-term exam"Detailed rules.But it seems to some experts,These seemingly"sharp"The new rules still untouched"During the"The connotation of the.

　　“学生怕的不是课外作业的量大，而是作业内容本身存在的枯燥、乏味、重复的问题，此外，作为一种教学参考和反馈，考试本身不存在问题，问题是在升学的压力下，如今考试的功能发生了变化。”熊丙奇分析，与其限制作业量，不如多一些能够引起学生兴趣，启发创新能力的课外调研作为课外作业，与其削减考试，不如改革“向分数看齐”的教育观。

"Students afraid of is not a large amount of homework,But the job content itself is boring/boring/Repeat problem,In addition,As a kind of teaching reference and feedback,The exam itself there is no problem,The problem is that under the pressure of enters a higher school,Now the test function has changed."Xiong bingqi, analysis,Rather than restricting production,More than able to arouse student interest,Inspire innovation ability of extracurricular research as homework,Instead of cutting test,As the reform"Aligning with scores"The education.

“中国式减负”越减越累 政府的越位与缺位 "Chinese style --"The offside and absence of government reduce more tired

　　从1988年，国家教委发布《关于减轻小学生课业负担过重问题的若干规定》，到2000年教育部发出的《关于在中小学减轻学生过重负担的紧急通知》，再到2010年《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》对于学校减负的规划。自1987年中国提出素质教育的概念以来，“减负”已成为中国中小学推进“素质教育”路上一道绕不开的坎儿。

Since 1988,,The state education commission issued[Certain rules about reduce the student schoolwork burden overweight problem],By 2000, the ministry of education[About the urgent notice to reduce the financial burden of overweight students in primary and secondary schools],And then to 2010[The national medium - and long-term plan for education reform and development(2010-2020)]In school during the planning.Since 1987, China put forward the concept of quality education,"During the"Has become China's primary and secondary schools"Quality education"The road is not open around the snag.

　　几十年来，“减负”已成了中国各级教育部门三令五申的老话题，然而三令五申换来的却是“学生越减越累”的尴尬，政府部门每次出台的“减负令”也造成了学校怕、孩子忧、家长怨的尴尬局面。

For decades,"During the"Has become China's education departments at all levels to the time the old topic,Yet it was time for"Students more reduce more tired"The embarrassed,Each government department"Enquiring for"Also contributed to the school/Child care/Parents complain.

　　“一个健康的教育环境中，政府发的禁令越少越好，政府频繁发出禁令，其实是对学校办学自主权的干涉。”对于政府在“减负”工作中所扮演的“角色”，熊丙奇表示，相较于接二连三的“禁令”相比，政府更应该做的是切实推进义务教育均衡和推进中高考制度改革。

"A health education environment,The government ban on hair as little as possible,The government frequently issued a ban,Is for school running autonomy of interference."For the government"During the"Work role"The role",Xiong bingqi said,Compared with a barrage"ban"Compared to the,Government should do more to promote balanced compulsory education and promote ZhongGaoKao institutional reform.

　　熊丙奇称，推进义务教育均衡，缩小义务教育阶段学校的办学质量、办学条件差距，这是政府从根本上解决“减负”难题的第一个工作。“如果义务教育大致均衡，"择校热"消除，家长也就不必为应对"幼升小""小升初"测试，过多地给孩子上特长班、辅导班。”

Xiong bingqi said,Promote the compulsory education balanced,Narrow the compulsory education stage of school education quality/Conditions for offering education gap,This is fundamentally solve the government"During the"Work problems first."If the compulsory education is roughly balanced,"School choice hot"To eliminate,Parents also don't have to deal with"Baby l little""among"The test,Typically exposes too much for their children/Remedial class."

　　此外，熊丙奇说，“教招考”一体的中高考制度，让考试成为中小学教育的指挥棒，以及高等教育选拔人才的唯一通道。学校为了升学率自然会给老师和学生加大课业压力。推进中高考制度改革，落实学校的自主招生，建立多元评价体系，这是政府需要抓紧做的。“目前单一的评价体系中，即使政府减负令不断，也很难让家长、学校，甚至学生自己对"减负"抱有理性思考。”

In addition,Xiong bingqi said,"Teach the enrollment"The integration of ZhongGaoKao system,Make examination baton of primary and secondary school education,The only way to higher education and talents.School for the graduation rates will increase their pressure to the teacher and students.Promote the reform of ZhongGaoKao system,To carry out the independent recruitment of students of the school,Multiple evaluation system is established,This is the government need to do."At present a single evaluation system,Even if the government burden constantly,It is hard to parents/The school,Even the students themselves to"During the"With rational thinking."