“放水养鱼”的学问(人民论坛) "Water fish"learning(People's BBS)

　　中南大学最近推出一系列改革新措施，引发了广泛讨论。其中有这样一条：新上岗青年教师8年内无需承担教学任务，专心科研，中途只考核一次，8年后验收成果，如果届时不能晋升教授或副教授则要么转岗、要么离职。

Central south university recently launched a series of reform measures,Caused widespread discussion.If there is such a:The new mount guard young teachers teaching tasks without having to bear the eight years,Focus on scientific research,Midway assessment only once,Eight years after acceptance of the results,If unable to promotion professors or associate professors or transferred/Or leave.

　　有人问校长张尧学院士：8年自由探索，时间是不是太长了？张校长回答：不把水放足，鱼儿怎么可能游得欢？又问：“非升即转、非升即走”的要求是不是太严了？答曰：不把龙门筑得足够高，鱼儿哪有动力要长壮？

Someone asked the headmaster Zhang Yaoxue academician:Eight years of free inquiry,Time is too long?The headmaster zhang answered:Don't put water on foot,How can fish swimming happily?Ask again:"Not turn up or/Not up or walk"The request is too strict?answer:Don't put longmen built high enough,The fish which have an incentive to grow strong?

　　一番对答，勾起对“放水养鱼”的重新思考。

Some kind of answer,Hook up to"Water fish"rethinking.

　　回顾30多年改革，“放水养鱼”一直是条重要经验。联产承包，国企松绑，减轻税负，降低社会组织准入门槛……这些改革措施通过营造宽松环境增添活力、激发动力，催生出发展的活力。

Through 30 years of reform,"Water fish"Has been the important experience.contract,State-owned enterprises loosen,Reduce tax burden,Reduce the social organizational barriers to entry……These reform measures through creating loose environment add vitality/motivation,Has the vigor of development.

　　然而随着时间推移，老经验遇到了新情况。有些地方也提放水养鱼，但放水不放足、放水不放心，三天一考核、五天一检查，资源配置跟在频繁的考核后面挤牙膏，弄得鱼儿们渴不死也游不动，精神高度紧张，更不要说有心思去跃龙门。也有的只顾放水，不管养鱼，只顾争取资源，不问产出效益，饱食无忧的鱼儿终日逍遥自在，早已没有龙门一跃的精气神。

However, as time goes by,Old experience encountered new situations.Some places also carry water to breed fish,But don't put enough water/Water is not rest assured,Assessment of three days/Check for five days,The allocation of resources behind frequent assessment of toothpaste,Got thirsty nor dead fishes swim motionless,Spirit of high tension,Didn't you say you don't have to jump longmen.Also some water,Regardless of the fish,Just fight for resources,Don't ask, don't yield,The fish feed easy at all,Have not jumped longmen's energy.

　　放水养鱼既不是填鸭灌食，也不是无所作为，在制度设计时就应该兼顾目标与条件、结果和过程。只有以“把龙门筑高，将水放到位”的系统观精心谋划，才能让鱼儿游得欢、长得壮、跳得高，实现微观与宏观、个体与整体的双赢。

Water fish farming is neither a duck force-fed,Nor is it doing nothing,In the system design should both target and condition/The results and process.Only in order to"The goal to build high,The water is put in place"The system is calculated,To let the fish swim happily/Grow strong/Jump high,Micro and macro/Individual and overall win-win.

　　说到这里，不妨再来看中南大学另一项放权改革。学校将财权、人事权、职称评定权等充分下放到二级学院，又对全员参与、民主治校做了不少制度安排，各种教授自治组织积极发挥作用，无形中推动了教育去行政化的进程，也防止了“谁有权就把资源往自己口袋里装”。这种放水养鱼，既是水养鱼，也是鱼养水，权力协调机制的优化，构建起一个水质优良、鱼儿欢畅的生态环境。

When it comes to here,Another decentralization reform might as well look at central south university.School will purse strings/staffing/Title PingDingQuan fully devolved to the secondary college, etc,To full participation/Democratic administration did a lot of institutional arrangement,All kinds of professor autonomy organization positive role,Virtually promoted the process of the education to the town,Also to prevent the"Who has the right to put resources into your pocket".The water for fish,Both water fish,Water is also raise fish,The optimization of power coordination mechanism,Build up a good water quality/The fish tasted the ecological environment.

　　两个案例，给人启发，令人深思。随着改革进入精细化阶段，鱼的心理预期在提高，对水资源利用效率的要求也在提高，“养鱼”不再只是开闸放水那样简单。如何制定科学人性、责权对等的管理规则，如何走出“一统就死，一放就乱”的怪圈，实现整体利益的最优，成为现阶段改革发展必须直面的新课题。

Two case,Give a person inspired,ponder.With the reform into the refinement phase,The fish is expected to improve,Demand for water resources use efficiency is improving,"To breed fish"No longer just a sluice.How to develop the science of human nature/Used to manage rules,How out of the"Unify died,A put is random"The cycle of,Achieve the overall interests of optimality,Become a new subject of present reform and development must face.

　　在诸多“两难”问题凸显的今天，主要矛盾与次要矛盾的权重差异，矛盾主要方面与次要方面的分野，已不像过去那样清晰鲜明。很多情况下都需要我们从全局高度、以系统思维重新审视问题的各个环节，发挥辨证施治的创新智慧。从这样的角度，我们对“增强改革系统性、整体性、协调性”的要求，有了更具体真切的理解。

In many"The dilemma"Problem highlights of today,The principal contradiction and non-principal contradiction weight difference,Main aspects and the secondary aspects of the division,Is not as clear and bright as in the past.In many cases, all we need to from the global level/In every link of systems thinking to re-examine problems,Evidence-based medicine innovation wisdom into full play.From the point of view,We have to"Enhance systemic reform/integrity/coordination"The requirements of the,Have a more specific real understanding.

　　有个寓言故事讲，师傅给两个徒弟每人一桶水、一桶鱼，让他们挑到山下的鱼池。师兄二话没说，挑起担子就跑，跑到半路鱼就死光了。师弟把鱼和水均匀分到两只桶里再上路，走得不慌不忙，步履轻松。

There is a fable story,The teacher give two disciples a bucket of water per person/A bucket of fish,Let them pick up the fish pond under the mountain.Brother. Without saying anything,Stir up the burden,Ran to the way the fish is dead.Evenly assigned to the two teacher younger brother put the fish and water bucket to hit the road again,Go in no hurry,You can.

　　现实生活里，你是师弟呢，还是师兄？(斯 壮)

In real life,You are a teacher younger brother?,Or a brother?('strong)