2月1日，浙江、湖北教育部门对外公布，随迁子女从这个月开始，可在学籍所在地教育考试机构现场报名，参加2013年当地高考和录取。这标志着两省“异地高考”方案进入具体实施阶段。而从去年国务院办公厅转发教育部等部门《关于做好进城务工人员随迁子女接受义务教育后在当地参加升学考试工作意见》的通知，要求各省、自治区、直辖市有关方案“原则上应于2012年年底前出台”开始，伴随着“教育部喊你交‘答卷’”的舆论呼吁，各地年底前密集出台的“答卷”有的已开始落地实施，少数西部省区还未出台，而北上广等地区或为过渡方案、或实施时点后延，并均提出了较为严格的父母居住就业年限、社保、学籍等要求。

On February 1st,zhejiang/Education department of hubei province,Trailing children starting this month,On-site registration at the location of the student education examination bodies,To participate in the local college entrance examination and enrollment in 2013.This marked the two provinces"Beyond the university entrance exam"Solution into the concrete implementation phase.And since last year the state council on forwarding the ministry of education and other departments[Regarding rural migrant workers after trailing their children to receive compulsory education in local work in entrance examination]Notification of the,Asked the provinces/The autonomous region/Municipalities directly under the central government about the solution"In principle, should be issued by the end of 2012"start,Along with the"The ministry of education due to shout you‘answer’"The calls for,Around the end of the intensive"answer"Some have begun to fall to the ground,A few western provinces and regions, are still not issued,And 3 the transition region or solution/Or carry out point,And put forward the more strict parents all live fixed number of year of employment/The social security/Admitted to the university requirements.

　　“异地高考”落实难，难在平衡随迁子女考生和本地考生利益，难在增加的教育资源谁投入，补充招生指标怎样落实。公众在赞赏各地方案带来“落实教育公平”希望的同时，更关心上述难题的解决有了哪些进展，飘在空中的“答卷”距离落地还有多远？为此，本报记者走访了中东西部一些地方深入调查，并与国家教育咨询委员会委员谈松华等专家共同探讨。

"Beyond the university entrance exam"To carry out the difficult,Difficult to balance interests of students and local students trailing their children,Who put difficult in increasing the education resources,Supplementary quota of how to implement.Plan to bring around the public praise"To carry out the education fair"Hope at the same time,More concerned about the solution to the problem has what progress,Floating in the air"answer"How far is the distance from the ground?To do this,Our reporter visited the Middle East west a thorough investigation into some places,And compared with national education advisory committee of experts such as pine to China to discuss.

　　补充高中教育资源，钱从哪儿来？ High school education resources,Where money comes from?

　　梳理各地出台的“异地高考”方案可以看到，对于外地生源流入比较多的地区，政府部门在方案中都明确提出，进城务工人员是当地现代化建设的生力军，为当地经济社会发展和城市建设作出了重要贡献，但在接受记者采访时都表示，在解决随迁子女教育和参加升学考试等问题上存在相当大的困难和压力。

Come around"Beyond the university entrance exam"Scheme can be seen,For nonlocal students into more areas,The government department are clearly put forward in the plan,Rural migrant workers is the local modern construction of the powerhouse,For the local economic and social development and urban construction has made important contributions,But in an interview with reporters said,In solving the trailing on issues such as children education and to participate in the entrance examination of considerable difficulties and pressure.

　　广东是全国进城务工人员第一大省，随迁子女众多，教育资源承载能力不足。广东省教育厅有关负责人介绍，据统计，广东2012年义务教育阶段外省户籍学生188.1万人，占全国的1／6。随迁子女80%以上集中在珠三角地区，按现有学生测算，仅珠三角地区就将至少增加200多所初中和高中，新增各类学校所需的土地、师资、投入等，是广东难以承受的。而如何解决高中教育承载力的问题，广东目前没有明确措施。换言之，即使在2016年符合异地高考广东报名条件，也可能出现在当地没有高中可读的问题。

Is national the first largest province of rural migrant workers in guangdong,Trailing many children,Education resource carrying capacity is insufficient.Relevant controller introduces guangdong province department of education,According to the statistics,Guangdong provincial compulsory education stage in 2012 students of 2012 people,1/6 of the country.Trailing children 80% concentrated in the pearl river delta region,According to the existing students is calculated,Only the pearl river delta region will increase at least more than 200 junior high school and senior high school,Required in the new land/The teachers/Input, etc.,Is the guangdong unbearable.And how to solve the problem of the bearing capacity of high school education,There is no specific measures in guangdong.In other words,Even in 2016, in accordance with different conditions of guangdong college entrance examination registration,May also appear in the local high school to read.

　　福建允许随迁子女在当地参加高考后，估计每年约有1.7万名随迁子女在福建就读普通高中，约有4250人进入一级达标高中。从全省来看，学位余额总体上基本能满足随迁子女就学和升学需要。但这些学位余额大多集中于沿海福厦泉以外的地区，随迁子女数量较多的区域学校的容量与在校生相比已接近饱和，个别地区现有学校已无增招空间。如厦门市中心城区的初、高中容量分别为6.80万人、4.08万人，而初、高中在校生人数已分别达6.88万人、4.02万人。当地教育部门负责人表示，随着随迁子女高考、中考政策的全面放开，预计今后随迁子女人数增长幅度将高于正常年份，特别是在优质高中资源不宽裕的地区，过多的省外随迁子女流入会对当地学生升入优质高中机会造成影响。

Fujian allows trailing after children take their entrance exams for college in the local,Estimates that each year about 17000 children trailing in fujian province ordinary high school,About 4250 people into the primary standard of high school.From the point of the province,Degree balance overall, basic can meet the needs of the education and enters a higher school for children trailing.But most of these balance degree focused on coastal the fountain outside of fuzhou area,Trailing children number area compared with the students is close to full capacity of the school,Individual regions has not recruit the existing school space.Such as xiamen city center early/High capacity of 68000 people respectively/40800 people,At the beginning of the/High school students already 68800 people respectively/40200 people.The local education department officials said,Along with the trailing their children's college entrance examination/Test the open policy,Expected future trailing children population growth will be higher than normal year,Especially in the high grade high school resources don't affluent areas,Too much, fujian association of foreign languages and trailing children into affect local students to high school with high quality opportunities.

　　新建一所普通高中，师资、校舍以及一系列配套，所需不菲，这笔钱应该谁来出？

A new ordinary high school,The teachers/School buildings, and a series of supporting,Not needed for,Who should come out of the money?

　　对于随迁子女接受义务教育的经费保障，国务院和各地政府都曾明确提出，要把随迁子女义务教育列入输入地教育经费支出，按财政预算内义务教育经费标准，及时足额向接收随迁子女的公办学校和购买服务的民办学校拨付办学经费。中央拨付的专项奖励资金要用于随迁子女较多的地区和学校。高中阶段不在义务教育范围内，但随迁子女要在流入地获得高中学籍才能在当地高考，教育资源不足的矛盾如何解决？北京教育部门提出，“尽可能地通过增加教育资源来缓解升学压力。”福建教育部门表示，会加强对城区教育布局的整体科学规划，扩大城区中小学办学容量，适当增加高中阶段学校招生计划，进一步满足随迁子女教育需求。

For trailing their children to receive compulsory education funds safeguard,The state council and local governments have been clearly put forward,The trailing children compulsory education included in the input fields education spending,According to the budget standard compulsory education funds,To receive timely trailing children of public school and buy service allocated funds run by the local school.The central allocated special reward money to for trailing children more areas and schools.High school is beyond the scope of compulsory education,But the trailing children should get high school student in defined at a local college entrance examination,Education resources shortage of antinomy how to solve?Beijing education departments is proposed,"By increasing as much as possible to alleviate the pressure of the entrance education resources."Fujian province education department said,To strengthen the overall layout of education scientific planning in urban areas,Managerial capacity expansion of urban primary and secondary schools,Appropriate plans to increase high school recruit students of the school,To further meet the demand of trailing children education.

　　但记者在采访中发现，除了这些宏观表态，类似“随迁子女接受义务教育经费保障”的明确思路与措施，还没有进入议程的消息。

But the reporter discovers in interview,In addition to the macro,Similar to the"Trailing their children to receive compulsory education funds safeguard"Specific ideas and measures,Has not yet entered the agenda in the news.

录取指标：手心手背都“伤不起” Admission to the target:Palm of the hand is"Can't afford to injury"

　　与教育资源承载力差异并存的另一个问题，就是高考录取指标的地域差异。本地生源升学率是教育权益，随迁子女在当地高考也是教育权益，手心手背都是肉，都“伤不起”。这不是钱能解决的事情，但它像中枢神经一样，牵动着各地各个家庭的“算盘”。

And the education resources bearing capacity difference exist side by side of another problem,Is admitted to the college entrance examination index of the regional differences.Local students graduation rates is education rights and interests,Trailing children at a local college entrance examination and education rights and interests,Palm of the hand are meat,all"Can't afford to injury".This is not money can solve the things,But it is like the central nervous,Affects families around"An abacus".

　　虽然目前全国高考的总体录取率已经大幅提高，但本科招生指标尤其是重点高校在很多地方仍显“僧多粥少”。而落实“异地高考”方案，势必给随迁子女较多的省份带来更多的冲击。

Although at present the national college entrance examination's overall acceptance rate has been greatly increased,But the undergraduate admissions index in many places remains especially focus on colleges and universities"Not enough".The implementation of the"Beyond the university entrance exam"solution,Is bound to bring trailing children more provinces more impact.

　　广东省教育厅负责人说，每年的高校招生计划，特别是本科和高水平大学的招生计划相对不足的情况依然突出。如果全面放开随迁子女在粤参加高考，广东高考报考人数将会大幅度增加，优质高校特别是高水平大学在粤招生计划偏少的矛盾将会更加尖锐，广东高考考生竞争会更为激烈。此前有广东媒体报道，要保持广东目前80%左右的高考录取率不下降的话，每年要增加15.2万个招生计划。而这个缺口无论是省内解决，还是靠省外院校调剂，几乎都是“不可能完成的任务”。

Head of guangdong province department of education said,The enrollment plan of colleges and universities every year,Especially in undergraduate course and relative shortage of high-level university enrollment plan is still outstanding.If the full liberalisation of trailing children take their entrance exams for college in guangdong,Guangdong college entrance examination to enter oneself for an examination the number will increase significantly,Quality of university, especially high-level university in guangdong enrollment plan less contradiction will be more acute,Guangdong examinee college entrance examination will be more competitive.After media reported in guangdong,To keep guangdong currently around 80% of the college entrance examination admission rate does not decline,Each year to add 152000 enrollment plan.And this gap whether to solve in the province,Or a province colleges and universities to adjust,Almost all"Mission impossible".

　　我国高考招生指标投放一直是动态调整的，除在考生数量等基础上尽量均衡之外，向高校所在地适当倾斜，向边远贫困地区适当倾斜。但由于高等教育资源区域差异大，重点高校招生指标投放在各地也存在较大差异。在总体指标数变化不大、大规模扩招逐渐止步的情况下，要“保障当地高考录取比例不因符合条件的随迁子女参加当地高考而受到影响”，指标不足的部分哪里来？

China's college entrance examination enrollment target delivery has always been a dynamic adjustment,Except on the basis of examinee quantity balance as far as possible,Leaning to college where appropriate,Appropriately directed to the outlying and poverty-stricken areas.But due to the regional difference of higher education resources,Key universities recruit students had different indicators across on the.Little change in the overall index number/Under the condition of large-scale enrollment expansion gradually stop,to"Local college entrance examination enrollment ratio by eligible trailing children attending the local college entrance examination",Part of the index less than?

　　为此，也有一些地方提出可“借考”，但各地考卷不同，借考的分数如何算？按成绩，试卷不同；按比例，各地教育质量不同，极易引发更为复杂的问题。福建省教育部门负责人对记者表示，希望教育部、发改委能适当增加优质高校在福建的招生计划，抵冲外省随迁子女参加高考所挤占的本科招生计划指标，避免因本省生源优质高等教育入学机会被挤占带来的影响。北京市教育部门提出，增加高校招生计划、提供借考服务等工作还需要国家主管部委的统筹协调以及人口流出地省市的协调配合，如何有效平衡京籍学生和非京籍学生的升学利益，难度很大。

To do this,There are some place can be put forward"JieKao",But different around test,JieKao score how to calculate?According to the results,Test paper is different;According to the proportion,Around the quality of education is different,Easy to cause more complex problems.Fujian province education department officials told reporters,Hope that the ministry of education/Development and reform commission (NDRC) can appropriately increase the enrollment of colleges and universities in fujian province quality plan,Offset from other provinces trailing children to participate in college entrance examination from the index of undergraduate enrollment plan,Avoid the provincial enrollment quality higher education matriculation opportunities by the effects of crowding.Education departments in Beijing are put forward,Increased college enrollment plan/JieKao service work also need competent national ministries and commissions such as the overall coordination and the coordination between population water provinces and cities,How to effectively balance the Beijing students and non-native students entrance of interest,Is very difficult.

　　为了“异地高考”方案顺利出台落实，国务院转发教育部等部门的文件中提出，“对符合在当地参加升学考试条件的随迁子女净流入数量较大的省份，教育部、发改委采取适当增加高校招生计划等措施，保障当地高考录取比例不因符合条件的随迁子女参加当地高考而受到影响。”但据记者了解，目前教育部、发改委还没有相关工作进展的消息发布。

In order to"Beyond the university entrance exam"To carry out the project smoothly,Forwarding to the ministry of education and other departments of the state council file is put forward,"Meet the conditions for entrance exam in a local trailing children had net inflows of large number of provinces,The ministry of education/The national development and reform commission to take appropriate measures such as increasing college enrollment plan,Local college entrance examination enrollment ratio by eligible trailing children attending the local college entrance examination."But according to reporter understanding,At present the ministry of education/Development and reform commission (NDRC) haven't relevant news of progress.

落实“异地高考”，社会管理改革要跟进 Implementation of the"Beyond the university entrance exam",Reform of social management to follow up

　　在落实“异地高考”的理想和现实之间，增加教育资源投入和录取指标的难题如何突破？国家教育咨询委员会委员谈松华认为，关键在于社会管理改革要同步跟进。

In the implementation of"Beyond the university entrance exam"Between the ideal and reality,Increase education resources input and admissions indicators difficult problem how to break through?National education advisory committee members think about loose China,The key lies in the reform of social management to step up.

　　考生流入较多的地方都不同程度地存在教育资源承载的问题。谈松华说，随迁子女的义务教育，国家出台了政策，要求经费跟着孩子走，各地均较好地解决了随迁子女义务教育入学问题。高中阶段教育是非义务教育，像北上广等地，随迁子女数量以数十万计，不是小的调整就能满足需求。目前没有明确的政策要求，各地很难解决财政投入难题，根源在于包括户籍制度在内的社会管理改革滞后。城市化过程中，外来务工人员在城市的身份没有得到认定，就无法保障享受到城市的公共服务。如果明确了务工人员的城市居民身份，享受同等待遇，各地自然必须兴建相应数量的学校来满足需求。

The examinee to varying degrees into more places without education resources bearing problem.Talk about loose hua said,Trailing their children's compulsory education,Countries introduced a policy,Request funds follow children,All parts better solve the trailing compulsory education their children in question.High school stage education are compulsory education,Like north wide, etc,Trailing children amount to hundreds of thousands,Not small adjustments can meet the demand.There is no clear policy requirements,Around it is difficult to solve the financing problem,The root cause is that the reform of social management, including the household registration system, lagging behind.In the process of urbanization,The identity of migrant workers in cities has not been decided,Will not be able to guarantee access to urban public service.If the city of migrant workers resident status,Enjoy equal treatment,Nature must be built around the corresponding number of schools to meet the demand.

　　谈松华说，录取指标的难题也缘于此。目前指标分配状况一定程度上是历史形成的。新中国成立后新建部属高校多半都建立在行政部门所在地，比如北京。有一个时期，一些高校搬迁，分流到西北等各地，但是后来又有许多高校搬回大城市。大城市在土地、财政等方面给予高校支持，同时要求高校在招生录取指标投放上给予“回报”，是长期以来存在的一个现实。比如复旦大学在上海地区的招生指标曾经达到全年录取指标的一半。后来教育部出台政策，各重点高校在所在地指标投放不能超过年度全部指标的30%，倾斜状况稍有好转。但是对于北京来讲，每个高校不超过30%，总体指标数量仍然远远超出全国其他地方。现在每年高考指标投放随人口比例一直动态调整，但并没有整体性方案。同时大幅度的调整又会影响录取率，一步到位很难，问题关键还是在“居民身份认定”上。

Talk about loose hua said,Problem is due to the admission indicators.The index distribution is partly a history.After the founding of the new are based at the location of the administrative department of the affiliated colleges and universities,Such as Beijing.There is a period,Some colleges and universities to move,Distribution throughout the northwest, etc,But later moved back to large cities there are many colleges and universities.Big cities in the land/Financial aspects of colleges and universities support, etc,At the same time college on the enrollment indicators on the giving"In return",Is a long time there is a reality.Such as the enrollment of fudan university in Shanghai area index had reached half of the year admitted to target.Later the ministry of education policies,All the key universities in local indexes on the cannot exceed 30% of the annual total index,Tilt slightly better condition.But for Beijing,Each college has no more than 30%,Overall number of indicators are still well above the rest of the country.Now each year the university entrance exam has been dynamic adjustment index dropping along with the population proportion,But there is no integrated solution.At the same time adjustment will influence the acceptance rate significantly,One pace reachs the designated position is difficult to,Key problem is still in"Identity of residents"On the.

　　“户籍制度、社会管理改革不跟进，在外来务工人员应该享受的城市居民待遇没有清晰之前，教育资源短缺的问题解决困难。”谈松华一再强调。(记者 李玉兰 吴春燕 高建进 王 瑟 杜弋鹏)

"The household registration system/Don't follow up social management reform,Enjoy treatment of urban residents in migrant workers should not clear before,The shortage of education resources problem solving difficult."About loose China has repeatedly stressed.(Journalists' Ms. Li Wu Chunyan Gao Jianjin Mr Wang du Yi peng)