连续11年列席全国政协会议的财政部教科文司司长赵路，每年两会被问到最多的一个问题就是，4%账单是怎么算的？

For 11 consecutive years to attend the sessions of the national people's political consultative conference of the ministry of finance agency director of zhao,Annual two sessions was asked about the most is a problem,4% of the bill is how to calculate?

　　今天，他又一次回答了这个问题后，一位政协委员惊讶地说：“十多年居然净增了近两万亿！”

today,He answered the question once again,A CPPCC member said in astonishment:"More than 10 years had a net gain of nearly two trillion!"

　　2012年，国家的财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值比例达到4%。1993年提出、原定2000年实现的这一目标，在迟到了12年后，终于被写进了政府工作报告。

In 2012,,National financial education funds spending 4% of gross domestic product.In 1993/This goal was scheduled for 2000,In the late 12 years later,Finally be written into the government work report.

　　4%是多少钱？按照2012年国内生产总值计算，4%是21994亿元。而2000年的财政性教育经费只有2500多亿元。

How much is 4%?Calculated according to the gross domestic product in 2012,4% is 2.1994 trillion yuan.The 2000 financial education funds is only more than 2500 one hundred million yuan.

　　赵路对教育界别的全国政协委员晒出的账单是，财政性教育经费约有96.5%来自公共财政，3%来自政府性基金——包括增值税、营业税、土地出让收益等中的教育基金。另有0.5%持续萎缩的部分，是校办企业返还的一些利润和国有企业办学经费。

Zhao right way education sectors the CPPCC national committee is drying out of the bill,Financial education funds and about 96.5% come from the public finances,3% from government-managed funds - including VAT/Business tax/Land transfer income of education funds, etc.A further 0.5% continued contraction in part,Are some of the profits and school-run enterprises return state-owned funds.

　　他说，我国的教育支出已是财政中第一大支出，占比在发达国家中仅次于美国。这反映了国家对教育的重视程度。

He said,China's expenditure on education is the first big fiscal spending,After the United States accounted for in the developed countries.This reflects the country's emphasis on education.

　　但是，在全国人大代表、湖北省人大常委会副主任周洪宇看来，4%仅仅是“及格线”而非“锦标线”。投入虽然增加了，但除以一个13亿人口的分母，就很小了。对比世界4.9%的平均水平和OECD（经济合作与发展组织）国家6.1%的水平，这仅是一个新的开始而远非终极目标。更何况，我国教育投入长期以来低位徘徊，各级教育合计仍有数以千亿元的欠账，未来的教育投入不仅要“建峰”，还要“填谷”。

but,In the National People's Congress/Hubei province people's congress standing committee, deputy director of the Zhou Hongyu appears,4% is only"mark"Rather than"Trophy line".Although increased,But the denominator is divided by a population of 1.3 billion,Is very small.Compared to 4.9% of the world's average level and the OECD(The organization for economic cooperation and development)National level of 6.1%,This is just a new beginning and far from the ultimate goal.What's more,Education investment in China low for a long time,All levels of education still has $one hundred billion of debt,The investment in education should not only in the future"Build peak",also"Fill in the valley".

　　赵路也对委员们强调，4%在国际上并不高，尤其从人均来看。但为了达到这个数字，许多省2011年、2012年的教育经费以30%、40%甚至50%的速度蹿升。

Zhao road also emphasis on the members,4% is not high in the world,Especially from the perspective of per capita.But in order to achieve this number,Many provinces in 2011/Education funding by 30% in 2012/Jumped 40% or even 50% of the speed.

　　4%带来的直接效应是免费项目更多了。1.3亿农村义务教育阶段学生和约2800万城市义务教育阶段学生免除了学杂费，从2012年开始，中职教育免学费的范围扩大到所有农村学生。按教育部的说法，这笔钱用在了“补短板、促公平、提质量”上。

4% of direct effect is more free project.130 million rural compulsory education stage student contract 28 million city compulsory education students to waive the tuition and fees,Starting in 2012,Secondary vocational education free tuition scope expanded to all rural students.According to the ministry of education,The money spent"Fill short board/For fair/To the quality"On the.

　　根据财政部预算安排，资金向农村、贫困、边远、民族地区倾斜，向义务教育尤其是农村义务教育倾斜，向教育发展的薄弱和关键环节倾斜，向家庭困难学生和促进教育公平倾斜。

The budget according to the ministry of finance,Funding to rural/poverty/The remote/Tilt in national regions,Leaning to compulsory education, especially the rural compulsory education,Leaning to the weak and key links of education development,Family difficulties students and promote the education fair.

　　教育部财务司副司长田祖荫说，对于4%，义务教育跟非义务教育阶段感受不一样，城市与农村也不一样，这说明财政性教育经费在调整结构。

Deputy director general of department of the ministry of education field heritage that must never be said,For the 4%,Compulsory education is not the same as feeling that is not compulsory education phase,Urban and rural is different also,This shows that financial education funding in the adjustment of structure.

　　赵路为4%大致画了一张“饼”：义务教育占52%，高等教育占21.3%，高中阶段教育占9.7%，中职占6.8%，成人、学前等其他教育加在一起是8.8%。农村义务教育在整个“大饼”中分量最重，有32%。

Zhao road drew a roughly 4%"The bread":Compulsory education accounted for 52%,Higher education accounted for 21.3%,High school education accounted for 9.7%,Secondary (6.8%),adult/Preschool and other education together is 8.8%.Rural compulsory education in the whole"pie"The most important,There is 32%.

　　一些委员担心，超常规的增长之后，4%能否持久？赵路说，“教育是法定增长，只能往上加砖头。”

Some members are concerned,After supernormal growth,4% can be lasting?Zhao lu said,"Education is a statutory growth,Only add up bricks."

　　4%实现了，但是后4%时代并不轻松。赵路明白：“在某种程度上，用好、管理好资金的任务比实现4%还难。”

Achieved 4%,But after 4% times is not easy.Zhao LuMingBai:"To some extent,The use of good/Manage money task is harder than 4%."

　　在教育经济学家、北京大学原党委书记闵维方委员看来，30年来，中国教育经费长期存在着两个问题，一是额度不足，二是使用效率不高。“现在国家增加这么多钱，更应该提高经费的使用效率。”

In the education economist/Former member of the vice President of Beijing university,In 30 years.,China's education funding there are two problems for a long time,One is the insufficient amount,Second, the use efficiency is not high."Now the country's increasing so much money,It should be increasing the service efficiency of funds."

　　在他看来，国内的经费分配方式依然比较粗放。以高校为例，综合定额加专项补贴，还有学生数，最后一乘就是给学校的钱数了。而发达国家采用的是反映教育成本行为的拨款公式，对教育成本进行分解，比如教学支持、工资、业务费、后勤保障费。不同类型的学校在运行中，不同科目发生成本的规律不同。这样的分配更透明。“我们总体还没形成严密科学的反映教育行为客观规律的拨款公式。”

In his opinion,Domestic funds allocation is still extensive.In colleges and universities, for example,Comprehensive quota plus special subsidies,And number of students,Finally a ride is to give the money to the school.While developed countries have adopted is reflect the education funding formula of cost behavior,Decomposition of education cost,Such as the teaching support/wages/Service charge/Logistics BaoZhangFei.Different types of schools in operation,Different subjects, occurrence regularity of different costs.Such a distribution is more transparent."Our overall hasn't formed closely reflect the objective law of education behavior of science funding formula."

　　闵维方调研时发现，有的学校实验室盖好了，像宝贝一样锁着，每周就开放10来个小时。“这个效率太低了。”

Vice President research found,Some cover the school laboratory,Locked like a baby,Will open up to ten hours a week."The efficiency is too low."

　　他建议建立经费使用效率的审计制度和预警机制。他说，我国对教育经费的审计目前只是看是否违规，对使用效率的审计仍然缺位。政府要注意各个学校的经费使用是否在合理范围内。

He proposed to set up funds use efficiency auditing system and early warning mechanism.He said,Audit of education funds in our country now is just to see if violations,Audit still lack of efficiency.Whether the government should pay attention to schools for use within a reasonable range.

　　投入的加大，对教育财务人员提出了更高要求。4个多月前，北京大学教育学院受教育部委托，对教育部直属大学主管财务的副校长、财务处长进行培训。授课教师阵容相当豪华：著名经济学家厉以宁、哥伦比亚大学教育成本效益研究中心主任及国外大学主管财务的校长。

Put more,The education financial personnel put forward higher requirements.More than four months ago,Peking University institute of education authorized by the ministry of education,To the university directly under the ministry of education, vice President, who is in charge of finance/Training of chief financial officers.Instructor team quite a luxury:Famous economist li yining/Columbia University education cost and benefit, director of the center and financial principal in charge of foreign universities.

　　主办方发现，这些重量级学员不缺财务知识，但是未必懂教育，有的连基本的教育效益和效率概念都分不清楚。

Organizers of the discovery,These major students lack of financial knowledge,But not necessarily understand education,Some even the basic concept of education efficiency and the efficiency of all points not clear.

　　赵路说，管理重心应该下移，因为教育经费的大头都在基层，特别是基础教育，基本是县区以下的职权范围。这个层级的经费使用管理任务特别重，制度、队伍、监管手段等很多方面都跟不上去。

Zhao lu said,Management center of gravity should be down,Because the lion's share of the education funds at the grassroots level,Especially the basic education,Basic is county the following functions and powers.This is a particularly heavy level of outlay management tasks,system/team/Can't go to many aspects, such as regulatory means.

　　在这位财政官员看来，“用好管好”的概念，就是办好人民满意的教育。如今应试教育、择校、行政化、发展不均衡等为人诟病的热点问题不少，“怎么把投入转化为教育的科学发展，转化为综合改革，办好人民满意的教育，用出应有的效益来。这是最难的事情。”

In the Treasury official opinion,"With a good mind"The concept of,Is the people's satisfactory education of do a good job.Now takes an exam the education/School choice/The town/And the imbalance of the development is the hot issues,"How to convert input into education of scientific development,Into a comprehensive reform,Do a good job in the people's satisfactory education,With out due benefit.This is the hardest thing."

　　河北师范大学副校长王长华委员说：“经费不能解决所有问题。”

Hebei normal university, vice President of Wang Changhua commissioner said:"Money cannot solve all problems."

　　去年，教育部成立了一个以改革命名的司——综合改革司，在国家部委中比较少见。从去年年底，教育部几场党组会集中研究综合改革司提交的综合改革方案。各个司局也都在提交各自领域的综合改革方案。

Last year,,The ministry of education has set up a department named after reform - department of comprehensive reform,In the national ministries and commissions are relatively rare.From the end of last year,Education department a few DangZuHui focused on comprehensive reform department submit comprehensive reform.Various departments are also submit comprehensive reforms in their respective fields.

　　前不久教育部下发的2013年一号文件还是这个主题——改革。一个更直接的声音是，今后几年，教育部的一号文件都会是深化改革。

Shortly before the ministry of education issued the no. 1 in 2013 or the theme of reform.A sound is more directly,In the next few years,No. 1 of the ministry of education will deepen the reform.

　　改革中，上海市教委主任、全国政协委员印杰关注两个问题：一是教育质量，二是教育均衡。

In the reform,Director of Shanghai education commission/CPPCC member Yin jie focus on two issues:One is the quality of education,Second, the education is balanced.

　　若不解决均衡问题，就不难找到这样的对照：相距2000公里的湖南省凤凰县稼贤村小学跟北京市东城区史家胡同小学如果站在一起，就像一个皮包骨头的穷孩子跟一个健美运动员站在一起。

If not solve the problem of equilibrium,It's not hard to find such a comparison:2000 km fenghuang county of hunan province of the xian village primary school told historians hutong school in dongcheng district in Beijing, if stand together,As a poor boy with nothing more than skin and bones stand a bodybuilder.

　　一位外国元首参观史家胡同小学之后，在该国数百名市长参加的会议上流了泪。他羡慕，如果该国能有如此好的教育，怎会不富强？

After a foreign head of state to visit historian hutongs elementary school,In the country hundreds of upper mayor to attend the meeting for tears.He admired,If the country can have such a good education,How could one not have rich and strong?

　　然而直到今天，稼贤村小的现状仍然让见者落泪。大山里孤零零的一栋两层小楼，没有围墙也没有门。里面是一些年代久远的破烂桌椅。

However, until today,The present situation of the grain or xian school still see tears.The mountains alone a two-story small building,No walls no doors.There are some old rags tables and chairs.

　　改革开放30多年以后的中国正面临这样的情况：孩子们有的在世界上最阔气的校园里吃冰激凌，有的在最寒酸的教室里喝凉水。

After more than 30 years of reform and opening-up of China is facing the situation:Some children in the world's most luxurious campus to eat ice cream,Some in the most humble to drink cold water in the classroom.

　　4%能给稼贤村小这样的学校带去温暖吗？有一年冬天，赵路来到一所寄宿制学校，看到窗户上居然没有玻璃。“你舍得让自己的孩子冬天住在学校，没有玻璃么？”

4% can bring warm to ones xian school this school?One had winter,Zhao road came to a boarding school,See the window didn't glass."Are you willing to let their children live in school in the winter,No glass??"

　　经费充足了，还会发生这样的事情，赵路说，没有玻璃的窗户折射了管理的漏洞，也照出了一些人“对教育的感情”。“义务教育不仅有最低标准，还须有限高标准。”他透露，财政部和教育部近期正在商谈此事。

The funding is enough,Is such a thing will happen,Zhao lu said,No glass window to reflect the management loophole,According to some people, too"Feelings for education"."Compulsory education not only is there a minimum standard,High standards must be limited."He said,The ministry of finance and the ministry of education recently are discussing the matter.

　　本报北京3月6日电

Our newspaper Beijing on March 6