在高考报考时，林林总总的“大学排行榜”，常常令考生们“找不着北”。排名差异大、评价标准乱、结果不靠谱，让这些榜单难以对填报志愿“尽参考之力”，甚至使一些高校沉湎于排名，陷入发展盲区。

When the college entrance examination to enter oneself for an examination,Lin Lin"University rankings",Often to students"Unable to find north".No discrepancy/Evaluation standard about/Results unreliable,Make the list for application"Refer to what",Even indulge in some college rankings,Into the development of blind area.

　　1月29日，教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心发布了2012年学科评估结果。这次历时一年的“体检”，堪称对全国高校学科建设的一次“家底彻查”，为公众了解各校学科特色、理性报考专业，提供了一个新的视角和渠道。——编 者

On January 29th,The ministry of education of degree and graduate education development center issued 2012 subject evaluation results.This time last year"A medical",Is the discipline construction in colleges and universities across the country again"Provided for investigate",For the public to understand the schools subject characteristics/Reason to enter oneself for an examination professional,Provides a new visual Angle and channel.- Ed.

　　“这是一次对于高校的全面诊断，这些年国家对于985院校、211院校投入力度这么大，有必要了解一下到底成效如何、学科建设水平如何、下一步努力的方向在哪儿。”对于此次学科评估，清华大学研究生院副院长高策理如此解读。

"This is a comprehensive diagnosis for colleges and universities,Countries in 985 colleges and universities over the years/To such a big investment in 211 colleges and universities,It is necessary to find out exactly how effective they are/Discipline construction level/Where is the efforts in the direction of the next."Assessment for this subject,Graduate school of tsinghua university, vice President of high policy interpretation.

　　据介绍，这是我国10年来的第三次学科评估，前两次分别为2004年与2008年。此次评估，涵盖了全国３９１所高校和科研机构的４２３５个学科，而评估结果表明，近年来国家重点建设投入和学校加强学科建设成效显著，评估结果在前五位的学科中，超过75%是国家重点学科，“985高校”占73%，“211高校”占84%。

According to introducing,This is the third time in 10 years in China science evaluation,The first two times in 2004 and 2008 respectively.The review,Covering the country's 391 colleges and universities and scientific institutions of 4235 subjects,The assessment results show that,In recent years, the national key construction investment and strengthen discipline construction effective school,Evaluation results in the top five disciplines,More than 75% are national key disciplines,"985 colleges and universities"Accounted for 73%,"211 colleges and universities"Accounted for 84%.

　鼓励高校 Encourage colleges and universities

　　不比总量比内涵，做最好而非做最大 Than the total content,Do best rather than the largest

　　“本次学科评估，过程比结果更重要。”教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心主任李军反复强调。在他看来，通过评估的指标体系，意义在于倡导一种大学理性健康的发展方向。

"The course assessment,Process is more important than the result."The ministry of education degree and graduate education development center director li reiterated.In his opinion,Through the evaluation index system,Meaning is to advocate rational health the development direction of a university.

　　记者了解到，本次学科评估全面改革了排名性评估的一般做法，比如采用多项代表性指标代替总量指标；对规模指标设置数量上限，克服单纯追求规模的倾向；在“比总量”和“比人均”之间找到“比质量”这个平衡点。“这样做，旨在向各高校传递一个讯息——强调质量，淡化规模。”李军说。

The reporter understands,The discipline evaluation comprehensive reform the rank evaluation of general practice,Such as using a number of representative index instead of total index;Sets the cap on the number of scale index,Overcome the pure pursue scale tendency;In the"Than the total amount"and"Than the per capita"Found between"Than the quality"The equilibrium point."To do so,To send a message, emphasize quality various colleges and universities,Downplay the size."Li said.

　　以往，以“SCI论文数”单一指标评价学术论文的做法饱受诟病，而本次评估首次采用“定量与定性、质量与数量、国内与国外”相结合的“多维度学术论文评价”方法，将论文“他引次数”、“ESI高被引论文数”与最新发表的高水平期刊论文同时纳入评价指标等。

In the past,In order to"SCI papers"The single index evaluation of academic paper practices to ridicule,But the evaluation for the first time"Quantitative and qualitative/Quantity and quality/Domestic and foreign"The combination of"Multi-dimensional academic evaluation"methods,The paper"He lead times"/"ESI highly cited papers"At the same time with high levels of journal articles published in the latest into evaluation index, etc.

　　高校的学科特色，在此次评估中分量尤重。李军介绍说，为克服评估趋同导向，本次评估分门类、分学科设置指标体系，对特色一级学科设置特色指标，比如对艺术类、建筑类、体育等学科，分别设置了“艺术创作水平”、“建筑设计水平”、“学生体育比赛获奖”等特色指标。

Colleges and universities discipline characteristic,In the assessment component particularly heavy.Li said,To overcome the evaluation the convergence direction,The assessment points category/Subject set up index system,Level 1 subject setting characteristic index of characteristics,As for the arts/construction/Sports and other disciplines,, respectively, set up"The artistic creation level"/"Architectural design level"/"Student sports awards"Characteristic indexes such as.

　　而传统的人才评价方式，也得到一定程度的改革，更注重在学培养质量与毕业后发展质量相结合的评价理念。“比如引入用人单位对‘学生毕业后质量跟踪评价’，新增学生派出留学、交流指标，首次引入全国博士学位论文抽检情况指标、强调专利成果的转化与应用等。”有专家介绍，这次评估还邀请了大量行业和企业界人士以及所有参评单位本学科专家对学科的社会声誉进行全面评价，倡导“崇尚创新、重视质量、社会参与”的科研评价新模式。

The traditional way of talent evaluation,Also have a certain degree of reform,Pay more attention to learning to cultivate quality and combining the development quality evaluation after graduation."Such as the introduction of unit of choose and employ persons‘Students after graduation quality follow-up evaluation’,New students sent abroad/Ac indicator,PhD thesis first introduced the sampling condition indicators/Highlight the patent achievements transformation and application, etc."Have expert introduction,This evaluation also invited a large number of industries and business people and all eligible unit subject experts in the subject of social reputation to conduct a comprehensive evaluation,To advocate"Advocating innovation/Attaches great importance to the quality/Social participation"Scientific evaluation of the new model.

　　这些改革与创新，对于参评高校而言，是一种鞭策。“评估纳入了教材建设指标，这就要求我们的教师不能都去搞科研，还要带学生。再比如，评估要求大家拿出‘代表作’，这就是鼓励高校强化内涵发展。”高策理坦言，以前各学校都是拿规模来说事儿，但现在让各个高校明白，要做最好，不是做最大。

The reform and innovation,For eligible colleges and universities,Is a kind of spur."Evaluation index of into the construction of teaching material,This requires our teachers not to do research,Also with students.Again for instance,Assessment requires everyone out‘Magnum opus’,This is to encourage college strengthens the connotation development."Richard said chain,Before each school is size, for one thing,But now let all understand that colleges and universities,To do the best,Not to do most.

纠偏认识 Rectifying know

　　淡化名次，让高校认清学科建设的优势与不足 Dilute spots,To identify the advantages and disadvantages of subject construction in colleges and universities

　　当这份学科评估的“榜单”出炉，很多人不免将它同社会上各色“大学排行榜”相联系，甚至将之喻为官方的“大学排行榜”。

When the discipline assessment"list"Came out,Many people unavoidably will it with all kinds of society"University rankings"associated,Even as official"University rankings".

　　“目前社会上很多评估，排名掌握数据不完整，目标也不清晰，带有更多市场化的目的。”中国人民大学校长助理、研究生院常务副院长吴晓求认为，此次评估采取自愿参加、不交费用的方式。“最重要的是，这是学科的排名，而非大学综合评价的排名”。他表示，学科之间的差异很大，绝不能机械地拿一个指标对高校做简单的评估与排名。

"A lot of evaluation in society at present,Master data is not complete,The target is not clear,With more market-oriented."The Chinese people's university President assistant/Wu Xiaoqiu think the executive vice President of graduate school,The review take participate in voluntarily/Don't pay fee."The most important thing is that,This is discipline ranking,Rather than the comprehensive evaluation of university ranking".He said,The difference is very big between disciplines,Can't mechanically get a index of colleges and universities to do a simple assessment and ranking.

　　李军介绍，本次学科评估包括“师资队伍与资源”、“科学研究水平”、“人才培养质量”和“学科声誉”4个一级指标，指标权重全部由参与学科声誉调查的专家确定。

Li introduced,The discipline evaluation including"Teaching staff and resources"/"Level of scientific research"/"Talent training quality"and"Academic reputation"4 first-level indicators,Index weight all be determined by the academic reputation survey participation of experts.

　　一项评估结果是否准确，有赖于数据采集与数据核实，这是最基础也是最重要的工作。“本次评估数据采集包括‘公共数据采集’与‘单位材料报送’两部分。学位中心通过教育部、科技部、国家自然科学基金委、有关教指委、学会等官方数据源获取公共数据；通过参评单位申报获取参评学科数据。”李军说。

An evaluation results are accurate,Depends on the data acquisition and data verification,This is the most basic and most important work."The evaluation of data collection including‘Public data acquisition’With the‘Unit material submitted to the’Two parts.Degree center by the ministry of education/Ministry of science and technology/The national natural science foundation/About teaching refers to the committee/Society such as the official data source access to public data;By the contestant unit declaration for eligible subject data."Li said.

　　而在数据采集后，专家组还对数据进行了严格核实。比如，对发表学术论文等数据进行抽查、对单位填报数据进行筛查等，并对单位填报的部分信息在参评单位范围内进行网上公示，并针对异议情况再进行确认。

And after the data collection,The panel also strict verification of the data.Such as the,Spot check data on published academic papers, etc/Units provided data on screening, etc,And the unit is the part of the information provided within the scope of eligible units listed on the Internet,And for dissent for confirmation again.

　　至于评估结果，则按照“精确计算、聚类统计”的原则产生。也就是将原始得分相近的聚为一类，使得分类更科学、同一类并列的更多，从而淡化名次，引导高校更加关注学科建设的优势与不足。业内人士表示，此次评估除帮助各高校“摸清家底”外，也有利于矫正各色“大学排行榜”造成的负面影响。“这将为高等教育的长远发展注入正能量。”吴晓求说。

As for the assessment,Is in accordance with the"Precise calculation/The clustering statistics"The principle of produce.That is the original score close together for a class,Makes the classification more scientific/More of the same kind of joint,To fade spots,Guide the pay more attention to the advantages and disadvantages of the subject construction of colleges and universities.The personage inside course of study says,The review in addition to help universities"Touch base"outside,But also to correct all"University rankings"The negative impact."This will be for the long-term development of higher education into positive energy."Wu Xiaoqiu said.

　引导学生 Guide the student to

　　改变“门第偏见”，为理性报考提供学科参考 change"Caste prejudice",Provide academic reference for rational enter oneself for an examination

　　“专业差一点也不要紧，进入一所好的大学才是最重要的。”这样的话，相信很多经历过高考的人都曾听过，就在这种观念引导下，不少考生在报考时陷入“门第偏见”，导致入学后个人兴趣所长与所选专业不相匹配。记者了解到，在国内某知名高校，经过该校招生部门的调查，在一年级的大学新生中，专业不匹配率竟然高达25%。如何引导考生从只认学校“牌子”，转变为认学科“牌子”，是降低专业不匹配率、提升高等教育效率和质量的重要内容。

"Professional almost it doesn't matter,Into a good university is the most important thing."Such words,Believe that many people who have experienced the college entrance examination had heard,Guided by this concept,A lot of examinee is in when enter oneself for an examination"Caste prejudice",Lead to personal interest after admission, director of the professional does not match with selected.The reporter understands,In one well-known domestic universities,After the university admissions department investigation,Among the students in grade one,Professional does not match the rate as high as 25%.Only know how to guide students from the school"brand",Into a discipline"brand",Is a professional does not match the rate/Promote the efficiency and quality of higher education important content.

　　“在上大学之前，考生对于一所大学及其专业发展水平的了解，都是感性而模糊的。一所学校的好坏，尚可根据口碑、学校的历史加以判断，但是具体到学科的真实水平，我们就很难有渠道获知了。”有考生抱怨，“我们想选择最适合的、自己也最感兴趣的专业和学科，但却苦于没有渠道和依据。”

"Before college,Candidates for the level of a university and their professional development,Is a perceptual and fuzzy.The stand or fall of a school,Can be according to the word of mouth/Historical judgments of the school,But specific to the discipline of the true level,We have channels is difficult to learn."Some students complained,"We want to choose the most appropriate/Most interested in professional and discipline myself,But with no channel and basis."

　　显然，这次涵盖３９１所高校和科研机构的“学科大排名”，给公众了解高校学科特色和水平，提供了一个相对权威、客观的渠道。“这也是本次学科评估的重要目的——服务社会，为广大学生选报学校、学科和社会人才流动提供参考。”李军说。（记者 赵婀娜）

clearly,The cover of 391 colleges and universities and research institutions"Discipline ranking of",To the public understand the discipline characteristic and level of colleges and universities,Provides a relative authority/Objective of the channels."This is also the subject evaluation the important purpose of the service of society,For the majority of students at the school/Discipline and social mobility to provide the reference."Li said.(The reporter zhao graceful)