艺术@事件 Art @ event

 

 

　　随着政府对文交所实施整顿和规范，“文交所热”逐渐冷却。但是，对于文交所的基本定位、职责以及运行模式，仍然存在一些误区和盲点；集思广益，并吸收其他领域的经验，完善我国文化产业的市场化机制包括文化产品的交易机制，仍然是一个重要课题。就此，本报记者采访了最早提出文交所概念，被称为“文交所总设计师”的彭中天先生。

As the government to implement the pay to improve and standardize，“Wen exchange heat”Gradually cooling。but，For the exchange of the basic position、Duties and operation mode，Some misunderstanding and blind spot；brainstorm，And from other areas of experience，Perfect our country's culture industry market mechanism including cultural products trading mechanism，Still is an important subject。on，Our reporter interviewed the first put forward the concept of exchange，called“The chief designer exchange”Mr. Tian peng of。

　　证券日报：在文交所受到诸多质疑的情况下，我们不得不回过头重新审视最基础的一些问题，比如文交所到底是什么。作为文交所概念的提出者，您怎么看待文交所这个概念？

Securities daily：In the exchange the question by many，We have to return overdo to re-examine the most basic problems，Such as the exchange is it??????。As the exchange participant of the concept，How do you look at the exchange this concept？

　　彭中天：卓别林的《摩登时代》已经把工业化的特征演绎得非常清晰了。工业化就是一条流水线，通过持续地消耗自然资源、人口红利等这些不可再生的资源来维持运转，并且不能停。我国作为一个人均资源占有量这么少的国家，靠工业化来维持现有的高增长是难以持续的，况且我们还处在全球工业产业链的底端。所以，从国家战略的层面考虑，中央提出了必须大力发展文化经济，促进经济产业转型的思路。

Peng zhongtian：Chaplin's《Modern times》Has the characteristics of the industrialization deduced to get very clear。Industrialization is an assembly line，Through the continued consumption of natural resources、Such as population bonus non-renewable resources to maintain operation，And can't stop。Our country as a per capita amount of resources so little country，To maintain the existing by industrialization is difficult to sustained growth，And we are still in the bottom of the global industrial chain。so，From the level of national strategic consideration，The central put forward the major efforts to develop cultural economy，Promote economic industry transformation of thought。

　　文交所这个概念的提出正是基于这样的要求，它是为国家从工业经济转向文化经济的战略转型服务的。在一个经济转型的时候，一定得有相应的制度安排。需要一个抓手、一个平台，否则怎么转型呢？

In this article the concept of based on this requirement，It is for countries from industrial economy on the culture economic strategy transformation of the service。In a time of economic transformation，Must have corresponding system arrangement。Need a means、A platform，Or how transformation？

　　而这份使命，文交所可以有所作为。文交所是广义虚拟经济学和政治制度经济学框架下的一套新的制度安排。指望现有的业态，包括拍卖、甚至是画廊来帮助完成这个转型是不可能的，他们先天不足。

And the mission，Wen exchange can do something。The exchange is the general virtual economics and political system economics under the framework of a new set of institutional arrangements。Expect the existing formats，Including auction、Even to help complete the transformation gallery is impossible，They congenital deficiency。

　　证券日报：相对于传统业态，比如拍卖等的制度设计，文交所有什么优势？为什么一定需要这样一种新的制度安排承接文化经济转型？

Securities daily：Compared with the traditional format，Such as the design of the system auction, etc，In what all the advantage？Why must need such a new system arrangement to undertake cultural economy transformation？

　　彭中天：文化经济的起点是市场经济，市场经济就是产权经济。中国所有的改革莫不是从产权开始的，发展文化经济也必须如此，其核心同样是确立文化产权。而产权必须借助文化价值体系，被评估成资产才有意义，实际上是在创造另一种财富。

Peng zhongtian：Culture is the starting point of the economic market economy，Market economy is property economy。All China's reform from the start of the property rights unless it，The development of cultural economy must also be so，Its core is also established cultural property。And property rights must use cultural value system，Be evaluated as assets to be meaningful，Actually create another kind of wealth。

　　建立文化价值体系的关键就在于文交所。

Establish culture of the value system of the key is in the text into。

　　某国有企业有一条清朝黄花梨的整木的案台，但不能计入资产，只能在物品登记里面写：有黄花梨一台。放着就一文不值，明明是一块资产，就是无法盘活；但谁也不敢卖，因为没有一个公允的价值标准摆在那边，即使卖出一个天价，人家都有理由说你流失国有资产。

A state-owned enterprise has a qing dynasty of chrysanthemum pear wood of the case sets，But not in asset，Only in the registration items in writing：Have chrysanthemum pear one。Put the is worth nothing，Clearly is a piece of assets，Is unable to revitalize the；But who can't sell，Because without a fair value standard in there，Even sell a day price，People have reason to say you loss state-owned assets。

　　文化产权按照现有业态的规则，必须经过真实的买卖去检验，在成功售出之后，才能把这笔钱记入资产表。但如果有了文化价值体系，哪怕不经过交易实证，也可以据此随时评估出一件艺术品的价格，将其列入资产管理，而不是办公损耗品，进而可以去抵押融资，进行金融化操作。

Cultural property according to the existing rules of retailing，Must pass real business to inspection，After the sales in success，To put the money credited to assets table。But if there is the cultural value system，Even if not after the deal，Also can at any time according to assess a price of a work of art，Included in the asset management，Rather than office loss product，And then can go to mortgage financing，For JinRongHua operation。

　　就像土地一样，由于拥有公开的招拍挂市场，能够产生大量的公开市场反复交易的数据信息，从而形成一套土地的价值体系，借此可以推导出任何一块土地的价格，不需要通过真实的买卖来检验，并且能够变成资产做抵押、做融资。而文化价值体系的形成与土地的如出一辙。

As land，Having the public recruit take hang market，Can produce a lot of open market transaction data information, again and again，Thus forming a set of land value system，Take this can deduce that any piece of land price，Don't need through the real business to inspection，And can become assets do mortgage、Do financing。And culture of the value system of the formation and land in a similar way。

　　所以文交所的意义在这儿。没有交易所这个平台，就得不到公开真实的市场化交易数据，无法建立价格参照系。画廊的画天天在卖，拍卖行的拍卖数据也有，但是那个数据是没有用的。

So, the meaning of the exchange in here。No exchange the platform，Won't get the marketization of public real trade data，Could not establish reference price。Gallery paintings sold in every day，The auction house's auction data，But the data is of no use。

　　其次，并不是因为文交所是新的制度安排，所以它就一定先进，而是它在制度设计之初，就考虑了文化产权将来作为经济支柱时所必须具备的产权化、资产化、金融化的要求，符合金融的逻辑，而传统业态，比如拍卖，甚至是画廊，则缺少金融方面的制度设计，金融难以介入，甚至是排斥的。而没有金融的介入，文化永远不可能转变成财富，成为经济的支柱。

second，Not because the exchange is the new system arrangement，So it must be advanced，But it is in the system at the beginning of the design，Consider the cultural property as a mainstay in the future when must have the kind of intellectual property、asset-like、JinRongHua requirements，Comply with financial logic，While the traditional formats，Such as auction，Even gallery，The lack of the financial system design，Financial hard to intervention，Even exclusive。And no financial intervention，Culture can never into wealth，Become a mainstay of the economy。

　　所以说，由传统业态帮助实现文化经济的转型和发展是先天不足的。

so，From the traditional format help realize the cultural and economic transformation and development is the inherent shortage。

　　证券日报：国内目前存在着60多家叫“文交所”的机构或场所。很显然，并不是叫“文交所”就真的是文交所。所以，这个问题需要厘清，也需要整顿。

Securities daily：There are at present in our country more than 60 house call“Wen exchange”Organizations or sites。obviously，And not is call“Wen exchange”It really is the exchange。so，This question needs to be clear，Also need to rectify。

　　彭中天：上面说到，文交所就是一个文化资源要素的聚集平台，一个文化价值体系的形成平台，一个为艺术品定价的平台。更是一个文而化之的转化平台。只有当它具备了这个功能，那它才是文交所。所以现在很多人指着文交所骂，指着份额化骂，觉得骂的就是文交所，其实他们指着骂的那些文交所只是叫“文交所”而已。

Peng zhongtian：It says to，The exchange is a cultural resources together elements of the platform，A culture of the value system of forming platform，A work of art pricing for the platform。But a text and turn the transformation of the platform。Only when it has the functions，That it is the exchange。So now a lot of people pointed to the exchange scold，Pointing to share the scold，Think of the exchange is called，In fact they pointed to scold of those just told the exchange“Wen exchange”just。

　　所以政府必须重视并规范文交所。

So the government must pay attention to the exchange and the standard。

　　政府和市场之间隔着一条河，整个市场是没法管的，但是不管又不行，那就通过公开市场去管理和引导。而交易所正是这样一个各种要素在其中聚集、交换的文化公开市场。所以文交所是政府市场化管理的工具，也是一个要素聚集、交换的公开市场。

The government and the market are separated by a river，The whole market is can't tube，But no matter and can't，It is through the open market to management and guide。And the exchanges is such a various elements in it together、The culture exchange open market。So the exchange is the government management tool market，Also a elements together、Exchange open market。

　　举个例子，故宫那么多文物。但假设有人要买版权，那他出多少钱呢？所以就需要去交易所挂牌嘛。像版权这样的无形资产，没有一个公开市场不能公允地定价。所以文交所是要起这个作用。

For example，The palace so many cultural relics。But if someone is going to buy the copyright，That he how much？Therefore need to exchange for life。Like the copyright such intangible assets，Not a public market can't fair pricing。So the exchange is the to the role。

　　有人对文交所不理解，以为就是做一个份额化。份额化只是将艺术资产证券化的一个手段,是一种定价工具,没有份额化，就没有人能买的起文化这个大单，因为文化的存量太大，连国有企业改制都是走证券化，何况文化资产要变现，不走证券化、大众化，谁买得起？

Someone in paper/did not understand，Is that a share change。Share the art of asset securitization is a means,Is a pricing tools,No share of，No one can afford this the largest single culture，Because of cultural stock too big，Even the state-owned enterprise restructuring is go securitization，How much more cultural assets to sold，Don't walk securitization、popular，Who can afford？

　　但这只是作为文化资产证券化尝试，是像找到文化产权转化为社会财富的一个出口。对不对是另外一回事，伟人的第一步也会摔跤嘛。但是文交所的定位是政府管理文化市场化的一个工具，是文化产权资本化、要素转化的一个平台。同时也是普通民众文化消费和投资的一个出口，它是起这个作用。

But this is only as a cultural asset securitization to try，Is like find cultural property rights into the wealth of society a exports。Right is another thing，The first step in the great man will also wrestling。But civil exchange position is the government management culture market a tool，Cultural property is the capitalization、Elements of the transformation of a platform。At the same time is also common people's cultural consumption and investment a exports，It is the role。

　　文交所是国家文化战略的一步棋，不是好不好，要不要的问题，而是如何把它做好，如何使它发挥这些功能。把文化转化成经济，它的作用是不可替代的。所以文交所对各行各业都有好处。

The exchange is the national culture of the strategy one move，Not good，Want to question，But how to do it well，How to make it play these functions。The culture into the economy，Its role is irreplaceable。So the exchange is good to all walks of life。

　　尤其不要因为飞机起飞时出了事故就简单指责飞机。也可能是驾驶员的问题呢，或者是指挥塔甚至是天气的原因。更大的可能性是跑道！跑道代表着文化行业的基础。

Especially not because the plane take off the accident is simple accused the plane。Also may be the driver's problem，Or is the control tower is even for the weather。More possibility is the runway！The runway represents the culture industry foundation。

　　证券日报：您刚才讲解了为什么文交所要走大众化，为什么诞生在这个时间点上。事实上，您也回答了为什么文交所会诞生在中国。

Securities daily：You just explained why the exchange to go popular，Why born in this point in time。In fact，You also answer why wen exchange be born in China。

　　彭中天：对，文交所通过一系列的制度设计，将中国数千年积淀的文化资源转化成财富，让每一个普通公众都可以享受。在这个过程中文交所创造了财富，拉动了消费，增加了投资渠道。并且由于自身的制度设计要求，催生了对产权、信用认证等一系列规范现有市场的内容，成为整个社会经济转型过程中的不可或缺的要素市场。

Peng zhongtian：to，Wen exchange through a series of system design，Will China for thousands of years accumulation of cultural resources into wealth，That every one of the general public can enjoy。In the process of Chinese exchange create wealth，To boosting consumption，Increased investment channels。And because of their system design requirements，Gave birth to the property right、Credit authentication and so on a series of regulating the content of the current market，Into the whole social and economic transformation in indispensable factor market。

　　相比于欧洲，中国被尘封的文化资源太丰富了。我们的文化存量那么大，如果要变现，就必须证券化，让公众参与其中。如果沿用现有市场的业态，是玩不转的。

Than in Europe，China is far too rich cultural resources。Our cultural stock so big，If you want to cash，It must securitization，Let the public to participate in them。If use the existing market format，Is not the。

　　被否定的份额化大家都记住了，它是把一幅作品分拆，从降低了投资门槛，增加流动性。这次我希望文交所的主体是基金。跟份额化倒过来。基金也是降低了门槛，只不过是几个人凑钱组建一个基金，是反过来的份额化。所以我说的基金化是份额化的升级版，这也更符合文化的业态，让专家替我们打工。

Negative all remember the share，It is the work of a split，The investment from lower threshold，Increase liquidity。This time I hope the main body of the exchange is the fund。Share with the topsy-turvy。The fund is also reduced the threshold，Just a few people in the formation of a fund，Is the inverse of the share。So I said the fund is the share of upgrade edition，This also conforms to the cultural modes，Let experts working for us。

　　文交所首先解决了文化的产权化和资产化的问题，在运营形态，先从份额化走到基金化，但最后必须是证券化，这是一条路径。

The first solve the cultural exchange of property rights, and the problem of resources，In operation form，From the first go to the fund share，But in the end must be securitization，This is a path。

　　而证券化的好处是每个人都可以将自己的心理价位表现出来，参与竞价，最后形成一个价格。就是便宜到一分钱的时候，每个人都有资格按照自己的心理价位投票，你投一分半，我投一分六。参与的人越多，这种心理定价的准确性就越高。当所有人都认为他只值一分钱的时候，拿所有整合起来，最终就是这件作品的价格。从理论上讲这是一个多对多的市场，每个人都有投票权。相比与拍卖，那只有最后几个人有定价权，所以我把这个归结为商业民主论。

And the benefits of securitization is everyone can own psychological price expression comes out，Participate in bidding，Finally form a price。Is cheap to a penny，Everyone is entitled to vote according to their psychological price，You throw a minute and a half，I threw a six。The more people in，This kind of psychological price the higher accuracy。When all the people think he is only worth a penny，Take all together，The price of this work is final。In theory this is a much more to the market，Everyone has the right to vote。Compared to auction，That only the last few people have pricing，So I put this down to the business of democracy。

　　所以交易模式的设计是不是让大家能真实地反应，这个很重要，怎么杜绝短期的炒作。这一切都取决于他的评估体系，鉴定体系。

So the pattern design of trading is let everybody can truly reaction，This is very important，How to put an end to short-term hype。It all depends on his assessment system，Appraisal system。

　　证券日报：您能不能总结一下文交所概念的顶层设计？

Securities daily：You can summarize a below exchange the top design concept？

　　彭中天：一句话就可以概括：国家转型之核在文化、文化之核在产权、产权之核在定价、定价之核在交易、交易之核在信用。

Peng zhongtian：A word can be summarized：The transformation of the national nuclear in culture、Culture in property rights nuclear、The property right of the nuclear in pricing、Pricing is nuclear in trade、The nuclear deal in credit。

　　文交所是在这么一个框架之内运行的。它不是孤立的说要搞个文交所，搞一个艺术品份额化，增加一个投资渠道。不是的。所以政府要重视文交所，提供一系列的配套政策。比如说最基本的产权问题，没有政府的配合就得不到保护。再比如税收的问题。

The exchange is the in such a framework of the operation。It is not isolated said to have a hand in the text，To get a share of art，Add a investment channels。no。So the government should pay attention to the exchange，Provide a series of form a complete set of policy。For example the most basic property rights，With no government can't get protection。For another example of the tax problems。

　　证券日报：您觉得整个文交所必须围绕信用构建？信用是一个道德词汇吗？信用普遍缺失的情况下，文交所还玩得转吗？

Securities daily：Do you think the whole article/must revolve around credit construction？Credit is a moral vocabulary？Credit common under the condition of the missing，The exchange also WanDeZhuan？

　　彭中天： 信用是文化经济的核心问题，我用交易所的第四方定位身份打造一个封闭的信用认证体系是可能的。中介机构也好、基金也好、这些市场主体各自独立的化都信用不够，要增加信用就要大家串起来，在一个公开平台上一起玩。而围绕文交所这样一个公开平台，各方力量在这里整合才能打造出一个新的东西。

Peng zhongtian： Credit is the core of the cultural and economic problems，I use the exchange to the fourth party positioning identity make a closed credit certification system is possible。Intermediary institutions or、Fund or、The market main body of independent of all credit is not enough，To increase the credit will everyone together，In a public platform to play together。And around the text into such a public platform，All power in here to make the integration of a new things。

　　有没有信用都必须交易，就在当下某些人认为信用丧失的环境下，他每天也要参与各种交易。所以说交易是刚性的，而信用的好坏只决定交易成本，成本才是经济学中贯穿始终并可解释一切的概念。信用必须通过交易逐步显现与完善。甚至可以绝对地说：不交易就无法体现信用！

Any credit must deal，Some people think that is in the loss of credit environment，Every day he will participate in each kind of deal。So say the deal is rigid，And the stand or fall of credit only decided to trade cost，Cost is in economics and can explain everything throughout the concept。Credit must through the trading gradually appear and the consummation。Can even absolutely said：Not to trade can't reflect credit！

　　国家转型之核在文化、文化之核在产权、产权之核在定价、定价之核在交易、交易之核在信用。

The transformation of the national nuclear in culture、Culture in property rights nuclear、The property right of the nuclear in pricing、Pricing is nuclear in trade、The nuclear deal in credit。

　　什么是文交所？叫什么不重要，重要的是它能不能在这样的战略机遇期承担起文化经济转型和发展的使命。如果它承担了，那它就是；如果没有，即使名字叫“文交所”，它也不是！

What is the exchange？What is not important，The important thing is it can not in this period of strategic opportunities assume the economic transformation and development of the cultural mission。If bear it out，It is；If no，Even if the name“Wen exchange”，It is also not！

　　如果文化产权市场通过公开的交易平台，实时产生大量的公开交易数据信息，将这些数据汇总、梳理，就可以建立一套文化价值体系，以此来推导任何一项文化产权的价格，并能够资产化。

If cultural property rights market through the open trading platform，Real-time produce large amounts of publicly traded data information，Will these data collection、comb，Can build a set of cultural value system，In order to have a culture is the price of the property right of any，And can asset-like。