存款保险制度的构建，仅是为了保证利率市场化改革中金融体系的稳健性

Deposit insurance system construction，Only a market-oriented interest rate reform is to ensure that the financial system robustness

　　我国长期以来的利率管制政策，导致金融机构丧失自主定价权，严重束缚了金融业的充分竞争，不利于市场发挥资源有效配置的作用。因此，要促进金融业有效竞争，推动利率市场化改革刻不容缓。

Our country for a long time interest rate regulation policies，Lead to financial institutions lose independent pricing，Serious financial industry's full bondage to the competition，Against market resource effective configuration role。so，To promote the financial industry effective competition，Promote market-oriented interest rate reform is urgently needed。

　　在当前国内外经济形势不稳定的情况下，推动利率市场化改革，必须有针对性的控制系统性风险，因此建立存款保险制度就显得极其重要。日前，中国人民银行发布的《2012年金融稳定报告》中称，目前我国推出存款保险制度的时机已经成熟。

In the current domestic and international economic situation is not stable，Promote market-oriented interest rate reform，Must be targeted control systemic risk，So the establishment of a deposit insurance system is extremely important。a，Promulgated by the people's bank of China《The 2012 financial stability report》Said in a，At present our country out of the deposit insurance system time is ripe。

　　推动利率市场化改革，必将对目前受到保护的银行利差收入带来压力，并考验着商业银行的抵御风险能力和风险定价能力，同时也给小银行带来更大的经营压力。存款保险制度的建立，可有效应对利率市场化带来的冲击：

Promote market-oriented interest rate reform，Be sure to protect Banks now being spread the pressure from income，And tests the commercial bank against risk ability and risk pricing power，But also to the small Banks more operating pressure。Deposit insurance system establishment，Can effectively deal with the impact of the liberalization of interest rate：

　　第一，利率市场化改革会使银行以占领市场为由进行利率竞争，导致经营风险加大，存款保险制度的建立可以有效保护储户利益，提高存款人对银行的信任和投资信心；

The first，Interest rate marketization reform will make bank to capture market competition on interest rates，Lead to increased risk management，Deposit insurance system establishment can effectively protect the interests of depositors，Improve the bank depositors trust and investment confidence；

　　第二，利率市场化会改变银行借款客户的结构，导致潜在的信用风险增加，存款保险制度的建立能够防止个别金融机构倒闭的传染效应，抑制银行挤兑引发的银行业危机；

The second，Interest rate marketization will change the structure of the loans to customers，Lead to potential credit risk increase，Deposit insurance system establishment can prevent individual financial institutions collapse of contagion effect，Restrain bank run banking crisis triggered；

　　第三，利率市场化所带来的利率波动增加了银行面临的利率风险，而存款保险制度实行的差别费率能使保费与银行的风险程度挂钩，这种强制性的规定将倒逼银行提高经营效率和公司治理机制，从而增强应对风险冲击的能力；

The third，Interest rate marketization brings the interest rate volatility increases the Banks are facing the interest rate risk，And the deposit insurance system, the difference between the rates can make the level of risk premium and bank hook，This kind of mandatory regulation will DaoBi bank operation efficiency and improve the corporate governance mechanism，To deal with the impact of risk and strengthen the ability；

　　第四，存款保险制度的构建能够完善银行的市场推出机制，为利率市场化改革提供公平的竞争机制；

The fourth，Deposit insurance system be able to perfect the construction of the bank of the market mechanism，For interest rate marketization reform provide fair competition mechanism；

　　第五，存款保险制度的建立，能为金融业构建安全的防火墙，防止系统性风险的出现及扩散，为利率市场化改革提供一个稳定的金融环境。

The fifth，Deposit insurance system establishment，For the safety of the financial industry construct the firewall，To prevent the emergence of systemic risk and diffusion，For interest rate marketization reform to provide a stable financial environment。

　　因此，存款保险制度是推动利率市场化改革中的一项辅助措施，应该在利率市场化改革全面铺开之前构建完整，该项措施主要是保证金融体系在利率市场化改革进程中的稳定性。

so，Deposit insurance system is to promote market-oriented interest rate reform in a auxiliary measures，Should be in the interest rate marketization reform comprehensively launches to create complete before，The measure is to ensure that the financial system in main market-oriented interest rate reform in the process of stability。

　　对于我国而言，推进利率市场化改革，要从增量和存量两个层面来进行。所谓增量层面，就是有效的增加金融供给和服务，扩大金融创新的力度，建立多层次的金融体系。增量层面改革的目的就是增加当前金融体系的市场层次性和微观主体，提供多元化的“储蓄向投资转化”的渠道，打破目前金融体系中“银行独大”的局面，为利率市场化改革创造一个公平有效的竞争环境，增量层面的推进也是利率市场化改革的必要基础；而存量层面，就是对目前金融体系中不合理的状况进行修正和完善。

For our country in，Promote market-oriented interest rate reform，From the increment and stock two levels。The so-called incremental level，Is effective increase financial supply and service，Expand the strength of financial innovation，A new financial system。Incremental level the aim of reform is to increase the current financial system market level and microscopic main body，diverse“Conversion from saving to investment”channel，Break the existing in the financial system“The only big bank”situation，For interest rate marketization reform to create a fair effective competition environment，Incremental level is also promote market-oriented interest rate reform, the necessary foundation；And the stock level，For the current financial system is not reasonable status of fixed and perfect。

　　首先，完善当前金融机构的公司治理机制，提高金融机构风险定价和抗风险的能力，使之真正成为具有一定竞争力的市场微观主体，从而适应市场经济中的“优胜劣汰”机制；

first，Perfect the current financial institutions corporate governance mechanism，Improve the financial institutions risk pricing and resistance to the ability of the risk，To become a real with certain competitive power market microscopic main body，In order to adapt to the market economy“Superior bad discard”mechanism；

　　其次，推动商业银行的战略转型和业务转型，积极培养商业银行多元化的盈利增长点，通过多元化的盈利模式来提高商业银行的市场竞争力；

second，Promote the strategic transformation of commercial Banks and business transformation，Actively cultivate commercial bank earnings growth point of diversification，Through the diversified profit model to improve the market competition ability of the commercial Banks；

　　再次，对目前阻碍资金跨市场流动的法律规定进行修正，促进资金的跨市场流动。存量层面改革的目的就是使金融机构成为真正的市场主体，并使之具有多元化的盈利模式，以更好的应对利率市场化带来的冲击。

again，On the block across the flow of capital market law amended，Promotion fund flow across the market。Stock level the aim of reform is to make the financial institutions become true market main body，And make the diversity of the profit model，In order to better cope with the impact of the liberalization of interest rate。

　　存量层面的推进是利率市场化改革成功与否的重要保障。

The stock level of market-oriented interest rate reform is an important guarantee of success。

　　总之，存款保险制度的构建，仅是为了保证利率市场化改革中金融体系的稳健性，而增量和存量层面的推进，才是成功进行利率市场化改革的关键所在。

In short，Deposit insurance system construction，Only a market-oriented interest rate reform is to ensure that the financial system robustness，And increment and stock level of push forward，Is success for a market-oriented interest rate reform, the key to be。

　　（作者系中国建设银行(601939,股吧)博士后工作站研究员）

（The author of China construction bank(601939,Shares it)Postdoctoral workstation researcher）