相比征求意见稿，银联让利大幅减少 Compared with drafts，Profits to the principal is greatly reduced

　　在国务院“降低经济中流通环节费用”的决心面前，银行卡刷卡手续费下调有望率先破冰。

In the state council“Reduce the cost of circulation economy”Before the determination of the，Bank card charge fee is expected to take the lead in the ice cut。

　　《第一财经日报》从有关部门处获悉，银行卡刷卡手续费调整方案已上报国务院。本报从两家商业银行所获内部传达的费率调整方案显示，执行新费率后，在银行卡交易中，银联和银行向商户收取的POS机刷卡手续费将总体降低。

《The first financial daily》From the relevant departments have learned，Bank card charge fees adjustment scheme has been submitted to the state council。Our newspaper from two commercial Banks internal convey the rate adjustment scheme display，The new rate，In the card transactions，Union pay and Banks to charge merchants of POS machine will reduce the overall credit card fees。

　　但相比该方案此前的征求意见稿，银联和银行方面的让利幅度大大减小。

But the scheme had compared drafts，Union pay and bank profits to the range greatly decreased。

　　

结构性降费 Structural JiangFei

　　昨日，本报从参与政策制定的相关部门处了解到，《关于调整银行卡刷卡手续费的方案》（下称《方案》）二稿已经讨论定稿并上报国务院，正在积极研究。

yesterday，Our newspaper from participation in policy making in the related departments to know，《Concerning the adjustment of the credit card of bank fee scheme》（Said the《scheme》）Two draft have discussed finalized and submitted to the state council，Are actively research。

　　自去年起，由发改委牵头，银监会、央行、商务部参与制定的《方案》开始讨论并逐步修改，并于去年10月向银联和商业银行下发了一份征求意见稿（下称“一稿”，详见本报此前报道《银联“割肉”新规胎动》）。今年，该《方案》终于纳入了《国务院关于深化流通体制改革加快流通产业发展的意见》（下称《意见》）中。

Since last year，Led by the national development and reform commission，banking、The central bank、Participate in the implementation of the ministry of commerce《scheme》Begin to discuss and gradually changes，And in October last year to union pay and commercial Banks issued a draft version（Said the“A draft”，See our newspaper reported previously《Union pay“Cut the flesh”The new rules quickened》）。This year，the《scheme》Finally brought into the《The state council on deepening the reform of the distribution system to speed up the development of circulation industry opinion》（Said the《opinion》）in。

　　《意见》第十五条指出要降低流通环节费用。其中重点提出，要抓紧出台降低流通费用综合性实施方案。优化银行卡刷卡费率结构，降低总体费用水平，扩大银行卡使用范围。

《opinion》Article 15 points out that in order to reduce the cost of circulation。One focuses on，Seize on circulation costs lower comprehensive implementation plan。Bank card charge rate structure optimization，Reduce the overall cost level，Expand the scope of bank to use。

　　本报从两家商业银行分别获得同样的内部传达费率调整方案，根据调整后的方案，餐饮娱乐类、一般类、超市加油类、一般批发类商户的刷卡手续费率均有不同程度的下调，房产汽车批发类商户的费率则有所提高，房产汽车批发类、一般批发类商户的单笔交易封顶金额及相应的手续费封顶金额上限也有所提高。

Our newspaper from two commercial Banks were given the same internal communication rate adjustment scheme，According to after the adjustment plan，Entertainment class、Of general、Supermarket come on class、General wholesale credit card rate of the formalities of merchants are different degree of cut，Real estate car of the rate is wholesale merchants have improved，Real estate cars wholesale class、General of the wholesale merchants single transactions capped and the corresponding poundage caps on the amount the maximum amount has also improved。

　　一名参与政策制定的人士对本报评论称，银行卡交易手续费总体降低纳入流通改革，既符合全世界银行卡手续费下降的趋势，也体现了配合“稳增长、扩内需”总体目标的意图。

A participation in the policy of our newspaper critics called people，Bank card trading lower overall reform into circulation，Not only conforms to the trend of the world bank card fees down，Also reflected the cooperation“Steady growth、Expanding domestic demand”The intention of the overall goal。

　　“卡费并不计入销售额，而是从企业净利润中扣。鉴于一般超市、百货公司等企业的净利润较低，只有1~3个百分点，这项成本对它们而言是相当重的负担。”商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院消费经济研究部副主任赵萍对本报表示，她认为“国家力推这项改革，主要是为了促进流通行业发展，降低其成本负担，令其轻装上阵，进而鼓励消费”。

“Card fees is not included in the sales，But from the enterprise net profit off。In view of the general supermarkets、The department store, and other enterprises, net income is low，Only 1 to 3%，The cost to them is quite heavy burden for。”The ministry of commerce international trade and economic cooperation consumer economy research institute of the ZhaoPing to the financial times，She thought“National push this reform，Mainly in order to promote the development of circulation industry，Reduce the cost burden，Make it a clean SLATE，And then to encourage consumption”。

　　费率下调也是“结构性”的。对房产汽车批发类、一般批发类这两个批发领域，前者的费率和两者的单笔封顶上限均有所上调。这是针对现行费率所存在的收费失衡问题所进行的修正：由于现行费率对餐饮娱乐类的收费过高，该行业以4%的银行卡交易金额，负担了2010年全部银行卡交易手续费的25%；而房产汽车批发类和一般批发类费率偏低，因此在2010年，其交易金额虽占全部交易额的80%，却仅贡献了当年全部手续费的17%。

Rate cut is also“structural”of。To the estate of car wholesale、General wholesale the two fields of wholesale，The former cost rate and the single pen caps are raised to cap。This is targeted at the current rate of the existing charges the revision of the imbalances：Since current rates for food and beverage of charge of entertainment too high，The industry to 4% of the amount of card transactions，The burden in 2010 25% of all bank card transaction commission；And real estate car class and general wholesale class wholesale rates low，So in 2010，Though the transaction amount of all of the traded 80%，But only the year all the poundage contribute 17%。

　　一名银联前中层人士对本报评论称，从目前的降价方案来看，对餐饮娱乐类的降幅很小，考虑到这几年的通胀情况，实际下降的比例微乎其微。不过，保留了对批发类商户的封顶政策，体现了对此类商户的保护——由于交易金额大，如果上不封顶，批发类商户的手续费负担将变得十分沉重。

A union pay people to our newspaper before middle commentary，From the current price reduction plan and see，For food and beverage of entertainment of small drop，Consider this a few years of inflation，The proportion of the actual down small。but，Reserved some of the seal a top policy of wholesale merchants，Expression of such merchants protect-due to the amount of the transaction，If I can't seal a top，The burden of wholesale merchants fee will be very heavy。

　

　博弈：银联“割肉”减少 game：Union pay“Cut the flesh”reduce

　　即使是目前的让利幅度，也是部门和行业间利益博弈的结果。

Even if the current profits to the extent，Also departments and industry interests between the result of the game。

　　据上述银联前中层人士称，最早的126号文是央行制定的。过去一年，央行组织银联和银行进行多次成本调研，希望能减少降价幅度。新的定价方案出来后，业内曾预计最快今年9月1日起就能实施，但央行、银联方面则希望拖延执行。不过，在发改委和商务部的强推之下，央行也不得不作出让步。

According to the above before accessing according to people in the middle，The first number 126 text is formulated by the central bank。In the past year，The central bank and the bank/organization multiple cost research，Hope can reduce cut prices。The new pricing scheme comes out，The industry had that is expected to happen this year as of September 1, can exercise，But the central bank、Union pay, hope to delay the execution。but，In the development and reform commission and the ministry of commerce under the strong push，The central bank also have to make concessions。

　　曾参与过前期政策研究的赵萍对本报表示，事实上，在过去的5~8年里，商贸企业曾多次通过行业协会向商务部反映刷卡手续费负担较重。商务部则一直在同银联协商，希望能够将卡费降下来，以鼓励消费者刷卡消费。

Involvement in the policy research ZhaoPing to the financial times，In fact，In the past five to eight years，Business enterprise has repeatedly through the industry association of the ministry of commerce to reflect relatively heavy burden on credit card fees。The ministry of commerce has been in negotiations with the principal，Hope to the card fees down，To encourage consumers to brush calorie of consumption。

　　同去年的一稿相比，新费率方案中最大的变化在于，银联“割肉”的幅度有所减少。这是银联在过去一年中向相关部委不断“争取”的结果。

Compared with last year's a draft，The new rate plan is the biggest changes in，Union pay“Cut the flesh”The range of the reduced。This is a union pay in the past year related ministries to constantly“for”results。

　　在一稿中，银联所收取部分（转接费）取消了行业差别，统一按每笔交易金额的0.05%收取，并且单笔交易收费封顶5元；且对POS同行交易（发卡行与收单行为同一家银行）不收转接费。当时业内人士测算，一稿将令银联的跨行转接收入下滑近四成甚至腰斩。

In a draft of，Charged by the principal part（Transfer fee）Cancel the industry difference，According to the unified every transaction amount 0.05% charge，And single transaction fees seal top 5 yuan；And in POS peer deal（Issuer and the single behavior the same Banks）Don't accept transfer fee。When industry insiders estimates，A draft of an inter-bank transfer the principal will revenue declined nearly forty percent even ks。

　　而目前的新方案维持了不同行业的差别化定价，且“有升有降”。业内预计该方案对银联跨行转接收入的影响大约会降低到二至三成。

And the new scheme for different industry differentiation pricing，and“Can rise and fall”。The industry is expected to the scheme in the inter-bank transfer the influence of principal income will be reduced to about 2 to thirty percent。

　　作为跨行交易的“中转站”，银联发挥两种基本功能：一是当持卡人刷卡时，银联将收单机构发送的授权请求报文转发给发卡行，接收到发卡行做出的授权应答后，再将其转发给收单机构；二是在每个清算日，为各银行清算交易资金和手续费提供清算依据。

As an inter-bank transactions“station”，Union pay play two basic functions：It is a credit card holders，Union pay will accept single institution authorized request a message sent forward to hairpin go，Receive the issuer of the authorized after a response，Then the forward to accept single institution；Second, in every QingSuanRi，For each bank clearing trade capital and provide basis for the liquidation commission。

　　本报据银联的营业成本和跨行交易笔数测算得出，银联单笔交易的转接成本约为0.42元。作为目前国内跨行转接市场的垄断者，近年来，中国银联的营业收入每年以40%左右的速度增长。2011年，银联营业收入约60亿元，净利润10.7亿元。至去年底，中国银联资产规模达到人民币138亿元。

The principal business costs and according to trade number that span pen measure，Single transactions unionpay connecting cost about $0.42。As an inter-bank transfer of the current domestic market monopolies，In recent years，China unionpay of revenue each year grow at around 40%。2011 years，Union pay operating income of about 6 billion yuan，Net profit of 1.07 billion yuan。To end，China unionpay asset scale reach 13.8 billion yuan。

　　“相比一稿，银联让利幅度明显减少，目前的方案是对银联垄断地位的一种妥协。”上述银联前中层人士认为。

“A draft compared，Profits to the principal range for significantly less，The current plan is to union pay monopoly position of a compromise。”The above/middle people thought that before。

　

　银行：亏本赚吆喝 bank：Lose money earn at

　　商业银行对这次降价方案也多持抵触态度。由于持卡人刷信用卡时，信用卡中心需要先垫付资金，免息期一般为50天。按目前银行间市场一年期拆借利率3.5%~4%计算，资金的月利率在0.3%左右，再加上奖励积分等成本，银行的资金成本在0.42%~0.48%之间。而银行目前从商户收取的佣金仅为0.35%~0.4%。

Commercial Banks to price the plan also hold more conflict with attitude。Because the cardholder brush when credit card，Credit card payment first center need money，Avoid breath period generally for 50 days。At the current one-year lending and borrowing rates between bank market 3.5% ~ 4% calculation，Funds in the month about 0.3%，Plus bonus points cost, etc，The bank capital costs between 0.42% and 0.48%。And bank currently charge merchants from the commission only 0.35% ~ 0.4%。

　　在商户佣金不能覆盖信用卡运营成本的情况下，各商业银行纷纷发展信用卡分期、账单分期等资金业务，部分风险定价能力较好的银行的信用卡业务也实现了盈利。

The commission merchants fails to cover operating costs of credit card，Various commercial bank credit card in the development stage、Bill stage funds business，Part of the risk pricing power good bank credit card business also realization earnings。

　　银行卡手续费利益链上的另一方——收单行，也有望从新方案中获得一定好处。

Bank card charges in the chain of interests on the other side of the-the single line，The new scheme is also expected to gain some benefit。

　　一直以来，收单市场因市场化程度高，收单机构大打价格战，导致利润微薄。按照126号文中的指导价，发卡行、银联、收单行的手续费分配比例本为7∶1∶2，但在实际操作中变成7∶1∶X。

Has been，The single market for the degree of marketization high，The single institution big price war，Lead to low profits。According to the text of the guided prices no. 126，Hairpin go、Union pay、The special commission allocation proportion for the 7:1:2，But in practice into 7:1: X。

　　收单机构通常与商户协商一个整体费率，然后减去发卡行和银联的部分，剩下的才归收单行所有。为了吸引商户存款，收单行往往对刷卡规模大的商户低价让利，有时甚至一分钱不赚，将自己的两成手续费全部让出。新方案则规定，收单机构只能在其相应分配比例的基础上上下浮动10%。

The single institution and negotiate a usually businesses overall rates，Then minus the issuer and the principal part，Left is to accept all separate。In order to attract merchant deposits，The special often to charge large merchant profits to the low price，Sometimes even a penny don't earn，Will own twenty percent commission all conceded。The new scheme is provisions，The single institution can only in its corresponding distribution ratio based on the fluctuate 10%。

　　某商业银行收单业务负责人认为，相关部门制定“政府指导价”的意图是希望缓解目前收单市场的“价格战”。但预计即使执行了新方案，各机构也将全部按照下浮10%的标准来执行。

A commercial bank officials think the receipt-accepting business，Related department to make“Guided by the government”The intention is to ease the single market at present“Price war”。But even if the new plan is expected to perform，Agencies will all according to the standard of 10% the past to execute。