关注理由

Attention reason

　　调查发现,离婚案件、民间借贷、企业破产等是虚假诉讼高发案件。由于民事诉讼法、刑事诉讼法等法律在涉及虚假诉讼、恶意诉讼等方面的规定缺失,加之诚信社会的构建远未达到公众预期,近年来,在民事诉讼领域暴露出形形色色的诉讼诈骗、恶意诉讼、滥用诉讼权利等现象,在打击手段缺失的背景下,正日益成为困扰法院依法履行审判权的“毒瘤”。

Survey found,Divorce case、Folk loan、Enterprise bankruptcy is false action high-risk cases。Because of the civil procedure law、The criminal procedure law and other laws in the case of false action、The provision of the respect such as malicious prosecution is missing,Combined with the construction of social honesty is far from expected to the public,In recent years,In the field of civil action expose all manner of litigation fraud、Malicious action、Abuse of procedural rights wait for a phenomenon,On fighting means under the background of missing,Is increasingly becoming troubled court shall perform the judicial power“cancer”。

　　视点关注

Viewpoint attention

　　“我手头刚刚办结一起虚假诉讼案件。”

“I have just completed in hand with false lawsuit。”

　　近日,江苏省张家港市人民检察院民行科副科长沈佼向《法制日报》记者介绍说,这起案件涉及一个家庭因离婚引发的虚假诉讼。

recently,Zhangjiagang city in jiangsu province people's procuratorate MinHangKe deputy chief ShenJiao to《Legal daily》Reporter said,The case involves a family for divorce cause false action。

　　记者从张家港市检察院了解到:自2009年5月至今年8月,这家检察院共办结18起民事虚假诉讼案件,涉案金额高达860万元。该院民行科检察官说,民事虚假诉讼案件近年来在民间借贷、企业债务、婚姻纠纷三大领域中呈现出多发态势。

Reporters from zhangjiagang city procuratorate to know: from May 2009 to August,The procuratorate completed a total of 18 up civil false lawsuit,Involving a value as high as 8.6 million yuan。The hospital MinHangKe prosecutors said,Civil false lawsuit in recent years in folk loan、Enterprise debt、Marriage dispute three areas on a multiple situation。

离婚诉讼 divorce

家庭成员恶意串通虚拟债务 Family members in vicious collaboration virtual debt

　　今年年初,浙江省无锡市一女士收到了法院的应诉通知,得知在张家港的丈夫向法院起诉与其离婚。就在双方为是否离婚及共同财产分割争执不下时,她意外得知,自己与丈夫共有的唯一一套房屋被法院查封。

Earlier this year,A lady in wuxi city of zhejiang province received a court appearance notice,Know that in zhangjiagang husband to court and its divorce。In both sides of whether divorce and common division of property dispute when not,She accidentally learned that,His and her husband were only a set of housing by the court closure。

　　原来在该起离婚诉讼之后,该女士丈夫的父母向张家港市法院提起民事诉讼,请求法院支持他们向儿子讨还30余万元的借款。法院审理后作出民事调解,并依照当事人申请启动了执行程序。

For in this up after divorce,The lady her husband's parents to zhangjiagang city court to civil action,Request the court to support their son to TaoHai more than 30 $ten thousand loan。After the court to make civil mediation,In accordance with the application of the parties concerned and started the implementation procedure。

　　这位女士无论如何难以接受眼下发生的情形,遂将一封申诉信投寄检察院,请求帮助。

The lady however hard to accept the case happened,Took a ShenSuXin post procuratorate,Ask for help。

　　“父母与儿子如果因共同利益进行恶意串通、欺骗法院,我们怎么取证?”

“If parents and son by common interests in vicious collaboration、Cheat court,How can we obtain evidence?”

　　沈佼自大学毕业即走进这家检察院,至今工作逾20年,可谓“老资格”的检察官。

Graduate from university ShenJiao that go into the procuratorate,So far the work more than 20 years,is“senior”prosecutors。

　　检察院受理了这位女士的申诉后,作为办案检察官的沈佼虽有办理多起虚假诉讼案件的经验,但面对此案的特殊案情,她的确感到非同以往的艰难和压力。

Procuratorate accepted the lady's complaint,As a case of public procurators ShenJiao although have dealt with several false lawsuit experience,But in the face of the special details of a case,She did not feel with previous difficult and pressure。

　　调查开始,沈佼眼前逐渐呈现出这样事实:父母与儿子的债权债务关系中的资金来源不清,资金去向不明；儿子在一家公司任职期间自行开办了一家个人独资公司,且将任职公司的资金转入自己开办的公司使用……

The survey began,ShenJiao eyes gradually present such a fact: parents and son's debts relations in the source of funds is not clear,Funds to unknown；Son in a company term of office establish their own a sole proprietorship company,And used the company's capital to start your own companies use...

　　沈佼告诉记者,依据张家港市检察院会同市法院、市公安局联合签署的《关于防范和查处虚假诉讼案件的若干意见》、《关于强化防范和查处虚假诉讼案件的工作方法》,该院在办理此案时主动与市公安局联系,联合调查此案涉嫌虚假诉讼的案情,最终查实申诉女士的丈夫与他父母合谋,采用虚增债务方式进行虚假诉讼的案情事实。

ShenJiao told reporters,Based on zhangjiagang city procuratorate jointly with the municipal court、The municipal public security bureau signed joint《About to prevent and investigate the false lawsuit certain opinions》、《About reinforcement to prevent and investigate the false lawsuit working method》,The hospital to deal with the case in the active and contact the municipal public security bureau,Joint investigation into the alleged the false litigation case,Finally verify the lady's husband and his parents conspiracy,Using virtual increase debt way false litigation case facts。

民间借贷 Folk loan

债务双方共谋欠款百万元 Debt both sides collusion arrears one million yuan

　　张家港市检察院民行科科长陈阳阳向记者讲述了这样一起案件:

Zhangjiagang city procuratorate MinHangKe section chief ChenYangYang to the reporters about this case:

　　2008年夏天,一家公司的法定代表人潘某,分三次向一位陆姓个人借款30万元。随着时间的延续,令出借人焦虑的是,借款人仅按约定支付了部分利息,却一直不提归还本金。

In the summer of 2008,A company's legal representative of a pan,Three points to a LiuXing personal loan 300000 yuan。As a continuation of the time,Make lender anxiety is,The borrower only press an agreement to pay some interest,Not to mention the principal has been returned。

　　当出借人知晓借款人所在公司陷入资不抵债困境后,要求借款人重新出具借款欠条,并提出将真实发生的欠款金额改为不曾发生的130万元,借款人竟然同意照办。

When lender knows the borrower's company into insolvency after dilemma,Require the borrower to issue ious borrowing,And put forward the real happen credit amount to 1.3 million yuan had not happened,The borrower should agree to do it。

　　随后,出借人手持伪造的欠条作为诉讼证据,走进法院提起诉讼。法院审理后作出民事调解书。

then,Lender hand forged ious as litigation evidence,Into the court。After the court to make civil conciliation statement。

　　“我们是在受理与此案借款人相关的一起劳务合同纠纷申诉案件中,自行发现这一虚假诉讼案件的线索的。”陈阳阳找出当年办案档案加以佐证,回忆起办案历程:

“We are accepting and the case the borrower related with service contract dispute complaint cases,To find this a false litigation cases of clues。”ChenYangYang find out the case file to evidence,Recall handle a case history:

　　2010年6月2日,张家港市检察院经过对该案涉嫌虚假诉讼的案情事实核查后,将一份再审检察建议发往法院,披露了出借人与借款人恶意串通并指使借款人伪造证据的事实。

June 2, 2010,Zhangjiagang city procuratorate to the case after alleged false litigation case facts after verification,Will a retrial procuratorial Suggestions sent to court,Disclosure of the lender and the borrower in vicious collaboration and letting the borrower forgery facts。

　　再审检察建议申明理由称,“原审调解确认事实的主要证据系伪造”,本案出借人与借款人的欺骗行为“损害了案外人的合法利益”。

Retrial procuratorial Suggestions stated reason to say,“The mediation confirm facts of the main lines of evidence system forged”,The lender and the borrower's cheating“Damage the legitimate interests of the case of the stranger”。

　　法院郑重采纳了这份再审检察建议,经过再审后认为:“企图损害他人利益而使自己获利,是本案当事人进行虚假诉讼的目的,为法律所禁止”。

Court formally adopted the retrial procuratorial Suggestions,After the retrial think:“Attempt to damage the interests of others into their own profit,Is this case the parties concerned, engage in the purpose of false action,Are prohibited by law”。

　　同年9月15日,法院作出民事裁定书,撤销先前作出的民事调解书,驳回出借人提起的民事起诉。

In the same year on September 15,,The court makes civil verdict,Cancellation made previous civil conciliation statement,To reject the lender to civil prosecution。

　　“实际只借30万元,借款人与出借人共同伪造130万元欠条时,怎么肯认可?”

“The actual borrow $300000 only,The borrower and the lender common forged 1.3 million yuan when bill,How to Ken recognition?”

　　陈阳阳回答记者疑问说,办案检察官也向借款人提出过同样问题,他说出借人曾告诉他,去法院打官司若赢了,出借人只拿回自己那30万,剩下100万元全留给借款人。

ChenYangYang question answer reporters said,Handle a case prosecutors also put forward to the borrower had the same problem,He said lender had told him,Go to court to try to engage in a lawsuit if won,Lender only take back to the 300000,Leaving 100 WanYuanQuan to the borrower。

　　“他(借款人)为了自身能得利就认可了这样的做法。”陈阳阳说。

“he(borrowers)In order to own can gain recognized the such practices。”ChenYangYang said。

企业债务 Enterprise debt

数十起合同纠纷暗藏虚假诉讼 Dozens of contract dispute hidden false action

　　2009年5月,一位来自江苏省江阴市的老太太前来张家港市检察院反映情况,与这位老太太一同提起申诉的还有7人,由此牵出一家已被吊销营业执照公司多达8起虚假诉讼系列案件的内幕。

In May 2009,A from jiangsu province jiangyin old lady came to zhangjiagang city procuratorate report the situation to them,And the old lady with the appeal filed with seven people,Thus pull out a business license shall be revoked company has been up to eight up false litigation case series of inside。

　　据这些申诉人向检察机关反映,在当地已经进入法院执行程序的30余起借贷、运输等合同纠纷案件中,由于该公司资产不足以清偿所有债务,而那数十起合同纠纷案中的部分原告与欠债公司的法定代表人有着亲属或朋友关系,可能存在虚假诉讼疑点。8名申诉人希望检察机关介入调查,避免出现虚假诉讼而损害他们的合法权益。

According to these the complainant to reflect the procuratorial organs,In the local have entered the court execution procedures more than 30 of the lending、Transportation contract dispute case,Because of the company assets are insufficient to pay off all the debts,And that dozens of contract dispute of the plaintiff and the debt of the legal representative of the company have relatives or friends,There may be false action doubtful points。Eight plaintiff hope procuratorial organs intervention survey,Avoid false action and damage their lawful rights and interests。

　　“当时,虚假诉讼的概念还没有这么清晰。”

“At that time,The concept of false action was not so clear。”

　　陈阳阳回忆说,受理这一系列案件时确实感到问题严重。

ChenYangYang recalls,Accept this a series of cases are really serious problem。

　　显而易见,这一群体申诉系列案件牵涉面广、取证难度大,更由于以往没有办理过此类案件,缺乏经验。陈阳阳作为该院民行科负责人,感到工作压力巨大。

obviously,This group appeal series case they are wide、Forensics is difficult,Owing to the more did not deal with such cases,Lack of experience。ChenYangYang as hospital MinHangKe person in charge,Feel great pressure of work。

　　“怀疑,不是证据。”陈阳阳带领民行检察官分析重点案件,详查公司资金往来、资信状况、借贷关系,从中寻找证据,直到线索集中于8起合同纠纷案件上。

“doubt,Is not evidence。”ChenYangYang lead MinHang prosecutors analysis will focus on the case,Sift the company funds、Credit status、Debtor-creditor relationship,Find evidence,Until the clues focus on 8 up contract dispute case。

　　办案检察官发现这些案件具有共性:当事人与被吊销营业执照的公司法定代表人关系密切,或兄弟、或朋友,关系较为密切；欠条反映的借款时间无资金往来证据；调解结案异常顺利无争执。

Handle a case prosecutors found these cases have common: the parties and the revocation of the business license of the company legal representative close relationship,Or brother、Or friends,Closely relationship；Iou reflect loan time no funds evidence；Conciliation abnormal well no dispute。

　　“虚假诉讼的当事人还是有一定的法律意识的。”陈阳阳讲述到那位涉案的公司法定代表人犯罪的起因,“他明知自己的公司欠债太多,诉讼后会按比例清偿债务,于是便主动向那些关系很好的个人提出重写借条。在重写欠条时,有的把自己个人借的钱写成以公司名义借的,还有将事实上的1万元欠款写成6万元的。

“False action or the parties have certain legal consciousness。”ChenYangYang tells the involved the legal representative of the cause of the crime,“Even if he knows his own company too much debt,Action will be in proportion to pay off debt,Then, take the initiative to the relationship is very good personal puts forward rewrite I owe you。When rewriting in the bill,Some put the own personal borrow money borrowed written on behalf of company,And in fact the 10000 yuan credit in 60000 yuan。

　　陈阳阳分析说:“这种恶意串通进行虚假诉讼的后果,直接影响案外人对该公司资产清偿的份额,损害债权人的合法权益,更危害着法院的正常审判秩序,浪费宝贵的司法资源,动摇了司法权威的公信力。”

ChenYangYang analysis said:“This kind of malicious in collusion with undertake false action consequences,Directly influence the case to the company assets stranger pay share,Damage to the lawful rights and interests of creditors,The court more harm to the normal order of the judge,Waste valuable judicial resources,Shake the credibility of judicial authority。”

　　当那位涉案的公司法定代表人在事实面前承认伪造借条、虚增债务金额、将个人债务转为公司债务并撮合多个债权人向法院起诉的事实后,检察机关查实了8起虚假诉讼案件。

When the legal representative of the companies involved in the face of facts admit that forged I owe you、Virtual increase the amount of debt、Personal debt is converted into the debts of the company and bring together more creditors to court after the fact,Procuratorial organs verify eight up false lawsuit。

　　记者看到,案件最终结果被写入张家港市检察院当年编撰的第38期工作简报中:

The reporter sees,The case is written into the final result in zhangjiagang city procuratorate of compiled 38 work briefing:

　　……法院采纳了再审检察建议,撤销了原审民事调解,涉案当事人(指涉嫌虚假诉讼的公司法定代表人)因妨害凭证罪被判处有期徒刑二年。

...The court adopted the retrial procuratorial Suggestions,Withdrew the civil mediation,The parties involved(Refers to the false action in the company legal representative)For breach of vouchers sin was sentenced to imprisonment for two years。

虚假诉讼 False action

司法权威和法治建设面临挑战 Judicial authority and the rule of law construction faces a challenge

　　“近年来,在民商事诉讼激增的背景下,虚假诉讼的风险亦出现了不断上升的趋势。”

“In recent years,In the background of the civil and commercial litigation surge,False litigation risk also appeared rising trend。”

　　张家港市检察院副检察长陆鹏程向记者提供了该院两份调研报告,题目分别为《虚假诉讼现状分析及法律规制问题研究》和《张家港市检察院关于虚假诉讼调研情况报告》。

Zhangjiagang city procuratorate deputy chief procurators LiuPengCheng to reporter provides the hospital two research report,Topic respectively《False litigation present condition analysis and legal regulation problem research》and《Zhangjiagang city procuratorate about false action research report》。

　　前一篇调研报告字数逾万,记者翻阅该报告时注意到,撰稿人在对现行法律制度进行分析时归纳这样的观点:

Before a research report more than thousands of words,Reporter through the report when he noticed,Writer in the current legal system to analysis inductive such views:

　　我国民事诉讼法中关于第三人制度的限制给了虚假诉讼以可乘之机；现行民事诉讼模式不利于及时发现虚假诉讼；调解制度异化为虚假诉讼的发生提供了土壤；实体法律规范在规制虚假诉讼上缺位。

The our country civil procedure law of the third person the limitation of system to the false action away；The current civil lawsuit pattern in time to find out that the false action；Mediation system dissimilation for the false action occurred as provide a soil；Entity legal norm in the regulation of false action vacancies。

　　张家港市检察院在办案实践中发现:对虚假诉讼行为如何定罪量刑仍有争议,依我国目前的刑事立法罪刑法定的原则,对部分虚假诉讼行为只能作无罪处理,这意味着当前刑法并不能对诉讼欺诈做出较为有效的调整。该院在办理虚假诉讼案件中还有这样的困惑:如果法院在审理民事诉讼案件中确认出现假证,尚未作出判决,此时能否追究虚假诉讼当事人的刑事责任,如何进入刑事程序?

Zhangjiagang city procuratorate in handling the discovery in practice: the false lawsuit behavior how to conviction is still controversial,In our country the present criminal legislation the principle of legally prescribed punishment,For some false lawsuit behavior can only be innocent treatment,This means that the current criminal law and litigation fraud unable to make more effective adjustment。The hospital is dealing with false litigation cases, and this kind of confusion: if the court trial in civil litigation cases confirmed appear false evidence,Has not yet made a ruling,At this time whether false litigants shall be investigated for criminal responsibility,How to enter the criminal procedure?

　　来自民行科的检察官的担忧是:虚假诉讼行为具有严重的社会危害性,如果容忍这种行为继续泛滥下去,不仅会对群众的财产造成侵害,而且将会对司法权威和法治建设造成难以弥补的损失。

From MinHangKe prosecutors concern is: false lawsuit behavior has the serious social harmfulness,If tolerate this kind of behavior continue to flood down,Will not only to the crowds property caused by violation,And will the judicial authority and the rule of law construction cause difficult to make up for the loss of。

　　据苏州市检察院向记者提供的最新统计显示,自2010年至今年8月,共查处虚假诉讼65件,涉案金额高达5000余万元。其中,向法院发出再审检察建议55件,提起抗诉8件,向公安部门移送犯罪线索2件,有9人涉嫌虚假诉讼已被追究刑事责任。 本报记者杜萌（法制日报）

According to suzhou procuratorate to reporter provides the newest statistics show,From 2010 to August,A total of 65 pieces and false action,Involving a value as high as 5000 yuan。the,To the court a retrial procuratorial suggest 55 pieces,Mention the protest 8 pieces,To the public security department to crime clue 2 pieces,Nine people have been suspected of false action shall be investigated for criminal responsibility。 Our reporter DuMeng（Legal daily）