本报记者 陈莹莹

Our reporter ChenYingYing

　　蒋老板在江西南昌经营一家玩具厂，他从刚闭幕的广交会上接到一笔规模不小的圣诞订单，这笔来自美国的订单终于令他看到了企业走出“寒冬”的希望。但接下订单后需要的200万元资金成了他最大的难题。几经周转，蒋老板终于从银行获得了贷款。在经济回暖、融资需求回升的同时，融资难问题仍困扰着大量的中小企业。

Chiang boss in jiangxi nanchang running a toy factory,He just closing of the China export commodities fair from the received a large Christmas orders,This comes from the order of the United States finally made him see the enterprise out of"winter"hope.But take order need 2 million yuan capital became his biggest problem.Turnover of several,Chiang boss finally won the loan from the bank.In the economy picking up/Financing demand picks up at the same time,Financing difficult problem is still plagued by a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　“春江水暖鸭先知”。尽管对于未来我国宏观经济能否企稳回升，专家和业内人士仍存在分歧，但微观企业已在为迎接“暖春”进行准备。中国证券报记者近日调研江西和浙江等地的中小企业和商业银行时获悉，9月以来，不少中小企业的订单量逐步回升，它们希望进行设备改造和扩大生产规模。中小企业对资金的需求明显强于上半年，其中与房地产相关的企业资金“饥渴”最为明显。

"Chunjiang plumbing duck prophet".Although in the future China's macroeconomic can stabilises picks up,Experts and the personage inside course of study still exist differences,But the microscopic enterprise has set up a file in the to meet"Warm spring"To prepare.China's stock certificate report reporter recently research jiangxi and zhejiang provinces of small and medium-sized enterprises and commercial Banks when we,Since September,A lot of small and medium-sized enterprise orders gradually picks up,They hope for equipment reform and expand the scale of production.Small and medium-sized enterprise to the need for the funds more obviously than in the first half,Among them and real estate related enterprise funds"Hunger and thirst"Most obvious.

　　分析人士表示，中小企业融资需求回升在一定程度上印证了中国经济在三季度探底后企稳回升，四季度的GDP增速有望弱势反弹。此外，虽然商业银行出于多种因素的考虑，对中小企业贷款投放的主动性有所增强，但当前中小企业融资难问题仍较突出，未来仍需多举措拓宽融资渠道，为实体经济发展注入资金“活水”。

Analysts said,Small and medium-sized enterprise financing demand picks up to a certain extent, confirm the Chinese economy in the third quarter exploratory bottom stabilises picks up,Fourth quarter GDP growth is expected to rebound weak.In addition,Although the commercial bank for many factors to consider,For small and medium-sized enterprise loan on the initiative to increase,But the small and medium-sized enterprise financing difficult problem was still prominent,The future is still needs to move to broaden the financing channels,For the real economy development into capital"Running water".

　　订单好转 融资需求上升

Order better financing demand rose

　　尽管不能与经济形势最好的时候相提并论，但中国证券报记者走访的多位中小企业主仍表示“最近的日子好过了一些，订单量明显好于上半年”。

Although can't and economic situation in the best of times,But China stock certificate report reporter visited more than the medium and small business owners are still said"Recent days better than some,Orders significantly better than the first half".

　　骆清香是南昌小蓝贷款担保有限公司的工作人员，该公司是江西省小蓝经济开发区投资发展有限公司的下属企业，专门服务开发区内的中小企业。“近期园区内企业的融资需求的确比较旺盛，9月以后尤为明显，我们每次打电话与企业沟通时，企业都会有需求。上半年我们也会打电话去询问，但企业都不敢借钱。”她介绍，中小企业贷款一般用于企业的资金流转和运营，如果没有订单，企业就没有借款动力。

Fragrance is pair of nanchang small blue loan guarantee co., LTD., staff,The company is a small blue jiangxi province economic development zone investment development co., LTD. Of the subordinate enterprise,Special service development zone of small and medium-sized enterprises."Recently the park enterprise financing demand is strongly robust,After September is especially obvious,Every time we make a phone call and enterprise communications,Enterprise will have demand.In the first half we will also make a phone call to ask,But the enterprise all dare not to borrow money."She introduces,Small and medium-sized enterprise loan are used for enterprise funds flow and operation,If there is no order,Enterprise is no borrowing power.

　　上海鸿尔物流有限公司总经理李鸿表示：“公司经营上海到南昌的物流专线，从年初到8月的业绩都不大好，尤其是6月、7月、8月都亏损。”他表示，那几个月很难熬，感觉与2008年国际金融危机时的情况一样。例如，企业每月的进货从20吨迅速下调到10吨，甚至更少。

Shanghai hong's logistics co., LTD., general manager LiHong said:"Company Shanghai to nanchang logistics special line,In the year to August's performance is not good,Especially June/July/August all losses."He said,It is very difficult for several months,Feeling and the 2008 international financial crisis as the situation.For example,Enterprise monthly purchase from 20 tons quickly cut to 10 tons,Even less.

　　李鸿表示，9月以后的情况明显好转，企业的订单明显增多，相关的物流条线才“缓过来”。“上半年我不敢做贷款，对于我们这种中小企业来说，一定是有需要才贷款，有用处才贷款，之前经营业绩不好，贷到款也没用。”前不久，李鸿用自己的房产证抵押贷款了150万元，用于购置大货车并扩展物流线路，希望抢在别人前面占领新的市场。

LiHong said,After September the situation was obviously improved,Enterprise order markedly increased,Relevant logistics line only"Slow over"."I dare not to do in the first half of the loan,The small and medium-sized enterprise for us it,There must be a need to loan,Useful to loans,Before operating performance is bad,Borrow money also useless."Not long ago,LiHongYong his house property card mortgage loans 1.5 million yuan,Used to purchase big truck and expand logistics line,Hope that want to be the first to win new markets.

　　在中小企业云集的浙江宁波，浙江泰隆商业银行工作人员吴灵波表示，近期感觉中小企业的融资需求正在回升。“目前很多江浙企业只要做生意，对方就一定需要现金，近期的订单量和进出口贸易有所好转，这些企业对于资金的需求的确旺盛了。”

In the small and medium-sized enterprise zone of zhejiang ningbo,Zhejiang tyrone commercial bank staff WuLingBo said,Recent feel small and medium-sized enterprise financing demand is picking up."At present a lot of jiangsu as long as business enterprise,The other party will need cash,Recent orders, and import and export trade better,The enterprise the demand to capital is the strong."

　　地产回暖 激活相关产业

Real estate milder activation related industry

　　尽管房地产调控仍在持续，但刚需购房带动的房地产市场回暖已令房地产行业相关产业提前感受到“暖意”。

Although the real estate regulation continues,But just need to buy real estate market driven warmed already make real estate related industry experience in advance"warmth".

　　在江西溯美高电气有限公司，原本应该周末放假的厂房内，工人们仍在热火朝天地加班。公司总经理马林杰介绍，临近年末，不少地方基建项目、房地产楼盘项目的采购计划越来越多，公司订单也越来越多。

Tracing the beauty in jiangxi high electric co., LTD,Originally should be long weekend workshop,The workers are still in in full swing to work overtime.Company general manager MaLinJie is introduced,Near the end of the year,Many local infrastructure projects/Real estate purchase plan of building project more and more,The company is also more and more orders.

　　“虽然每年下半年订单都会比较多，但10月房地产行业回暖后，我们的订单明显增多，目前正在积极准备库存。”此前房地产市场持续低迷，相关产品的销量受到较大冲击，但10月以来，房地产开发商的采购量明显提升。

"Although the second half of a year order will be more,But 10 months after the real estate industry milder,Our order increased obviously,Are now actively preparing for inventory."After the real estate market continued downturn,Related products sales is large impact,But since October,Real estate developers purchase quantity obviously improve.

　　马林杰表示，目前公司已接到不少明年的订单，虽然利润肯定不如前两年，但比预想中要好得多。“今年全年的利润率预计在20%左右，能有这个水平已经很不错了。”

MaLinJie said,At present, the company has received a lot of next year's order,Although profits must be as two years ago,But much better than expected."This year the profit margin is expected to around 20%,To have this level is very good."

　　江西科得玻璃钢有限公司正在进行大规模的厂房装修和设备改造，现场灯火通明。公司副总经理奉玉光表示，公司需要扩大生产规模。“去年已经有了这个计划，由于各种原因被搁置，一直拖到最近才开工。”该公司的客户多为市政工程和房地产施工方。“上半年的情况不好，但最近几个月明显好于上半年，10月以来的订单量上升较快，当然也和目前是施工旺季有关。”奉玉光表示，10月以来房地产开发商的订单量较多。

JiangXiKe have to glass fiber reinforced plastic co., LTD., is undergoing a massive building decoration and equipment modification,Spot lights.The company deputy general manager in jade light said,The company needs to expand the scale of production."Last year it was with this plan,Due to various reasons on the shelf,Until recently has dragged start."The company's customer more for municipal engineering and construction of the real estate."The first half of bad,But in recent months, significantly better than the first half,Since October orders rose more quickly,Of course also and is currently the construction season."Serve jade light said,Since October real estate developers orders more.

　　他坦言，由于订单量回升，再加上企业不断发展升级，近期资金需求尤为迫切。与大部分制造型企业一样，如果订单越多，压款就越厉害，对资金的需求量也越大。“如果是特别大的订单，客户支付的定金可能还不到10%，一压款我们就很难受了，因为原材料价格在涨，用工成本也在涨，但我们的利润率没怎么涨。”

He said,Because orders picks up,Plus enterprise continuous development upgrade,Recent fund demand more important and urgent.And most of the manufacturing enterprise as,If the order is more,Pressure of the severe,The demand for funds is bigger also."If is especially big order,Customers pay the deposit may be less than 10%,A pressure paragraph we'll be very upset,Because the price of raw materials in the flood,Labor costs are also rise,But our profit margin didn't rise."

　　中国证券报记者走访数家食品饮料等快速消费品企业时发现，近期的消费形势也在逐步回暖。江西省八王寺食品饮料公司相关负责人坦言，上半年的日子“比较难过”，整个社会的消费情况都不好。而近期有所好转，公司准备在明年初扩大生产线，希望明年能把全部的产能运转起来。

China's stock certificate report reporter visited several food and beverage and fast moving consumer goods found enterprise,Recent consumption situation are also gradually warmer.Jiangxi province eight king temple food and beverage company related person in charge said,Days in the first half of"Is sad",The whole social consumption situation is bad.And the recent better,The company is ready to expand production line in early next year,Hoped that next year can put all the production running.

　　寒冬犹在 期盼资金“活水”

Winter in the hope of funds"Running water"

　　多位中小企业主表示，近期银行对中小企业贷款的支持力度有所加大。“上半年即使银行批了授信额度，我们也拿不到钱，但最近感觉银行的口子松了一些。”不过，大多数企业仍不敢轻言“寒冬”已过。未来生产规模扩大、设备改造升级等需要的大量资金仍是中小企业心中的一大难题。

Many small and medium-sized business owners said,Recent bank loans to small and medium-sized enterprise support to increase."In the first half even though bank group of the line of credit,We also can't get the money,But recently feel bank cut loose some."but,Most enterprises is still not dare small talk"winter"Has been.The expansion of production scale in the future/Equipment upgrading and need a lot of money is still small and medium-sized enterprises is one of the puzzles of the heart.

　　马林杰表示，目前制造型中小企业贷款一般都需要用厂房和设备做抵押，但走完贷款流程仍需要较长时间。“如果我们资金回笼快，情况还好，而如果资金回流不快，企业的现金流就非常困难。例如，我们购买原材料时，对方要求必须先付全款才能发货，这就需要很多资金。”

MaLinJie said,At present manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprise loan usually need to use plant and equipment do mortgage,But through loan process still need a long time."If we withdrawal of funds quickly,Situation is good,And if capital return unhappy,Enterprise's cash flow is very difficult.For example,When we buy raw materials,Their request must pay the entire section to delivery,This requires a lot of money."

　　他表示，去年曾贷款450万元，但批准流程耗时5个多月，其间正是企业非常需要用钱的时候。“后来我们不到万不得已，就不会去银行贷款。”

He said,Last year was a loan of 4.5 million RMB,But approval process takes 5 months,Meanwhile it is enterprise very need when money."Later we less than as a last resort,Will not go to a bank loan."

　　奉玉光表示：“由于需要扩大生产规模，未来还需要几千万元资金。目前与一些银行打交道时，感觉对中小企业的政策支持力度的确加大了。例如，前段时间有银行曾告诉我们可以用订单质押做贷款，但与几千万元的资金需求还是具有较大差距。”因此，他所在的这家企业计划未来上市，通过资本市场解决企业发展所需要的资金缺口问题。他希望，对于节能环保类的公司，国家出台更多的扶植政策，银行进一步加大信贷支持。

Serve jade light said:"Due to the need to expand the scale of production,The future need millions yuan capital.At present and some Banks when dealing with,Feeling for small and medium-sized enterprise policy support is increased.For example,Some time ago have bank told we can use order pledge loan,But with millions yuan fund demand still have a large gap."therefore,He is the enterprise listed and plan for the future,Through the capital market to solve enterprise development need financing gap problem.He wants to,For energy conservation and environmental protection type of company,The country has issued more policy support,To further increase the bank credit support.

　　作为担保公司从业者，骆清香能体会到银行对中小企业贷款的“纠结”心态，银行一方面希望加大信贷支持力度，另一方面担心信贷资产质量问题。“目前我们并没有感觉到银行对中小企业贷款的支持力度有太大的变化，目前可以做的贷款担保上限是300万元，合作银行包括交通银行(601328,股吧)、中国银行(601988,股吧)、大丰村镇银行。”在批贷速度方面，村镇银行明显比普通商业银行快得多，大型银行需要的材料和流程均较复杂。村镇银行一般通过承兑汇票的形式向企业提供资金服务，这样村镇银行能有业务，中小企业也能较快地获得流动资金。

As a guarantee company practitioners,Pair of faint scent can realize bank loans to small and medium enterprises"ravel"mentality,On the one hand the bank to increase credit support,On the other hand about credit assets quality problem."At present, we didn't feel that bank loans to small and medium-sized enterprise support have too big change,At present can do loan guarantee cap is 3 million yuan,Cooperative bank includes bank of communications(601328,guba)/The bank of China(601988,guba)/Dafeng town bank."In the batch of credit speed,Bank villages and towns significantly than the ordinary commercial bank much faster,Big Banks need materials and processes are more complex.Bank villages and towns in general through the form of acceptance to the enterprise to provide financial service,This town bank to have business,Small and medium-sized enterprise also can quickly obtain working capital.

　　中国中小企业协会会长李子彬表示，从政策层面看，支持中小企业发展、解决中小企业融资难问题的相关政策其实很多，但具体落实仍有待加强。我国的中小企业也需要苦练内功，进行准确的市场定位，加快产业升级。“每年我国倒闭的中小企业有五六十万户，每年新注册的有一百多万户，中小企业的竞争环境的确相当激烈。”

Chinese small and medium-sized enterprise association LiZiBin said,See from the policy level,Support the small and medium-sized enterprise development/Solve the small and medium-sized enterprise financing difficult problem related policy actually many,But the specific implement remains to be strengthen.The small and medium-sized enterprise also need trains hard the internal strength,Accurate market positioning,Accelerating the industrial upgrading."In our country every year collapse of small and medium-sized enterprises have daily household,New Year registered more than one hundred households,Small and medium-sized enterprise competitive environment is quite fierce."

　　对于商业银行担忧的中小企业贷款资产质量问题，中国社科院金融研究所副所长殷剑峰表示，要降低中小企业贷款的不良风险，关键是要减少行政干预。“商业银行已成为追求利润的市场主体，未来中小企业贷款必然是银行主要的利润增长点，前提是必须减少行政干预，银行才能建立和完善相关的风险防范机制。”

For commercial Banks to worry of small and medium-sized enterprise loan asset quality problem,By the Chinese academy of social sciences financial deputy director of the institute YanJianFeng said,To reduce the small and medium-sized enterprise loan bad risk,The key is to reduce administrative intervention."Commercial Banks has become the pursuit of profit market main body,The small and medium-sized enterprise loan is necessarily bank main profit growth point,Premise is to must reduce administrative intervention,Bank to establish and perfect the relevant risk prevention mechanism."