本报记者 李阳丹

Our reporter LiYangDan

　　市场普遍预计，2013年“一号文件”将再次关注“三农”。农业要发展，离不开资本的支持。专家认为，资本对农业的支持方式应主要是税收减免和补贴的“反哺”形式，若资本直接进入农业生产则可能出现一些潜在的问题，需要有针对性地加强监管。

Market is expected to,In 2013,"A document no."Will again attention"Agriculture, countryside and farmers".Agriculture to develop,Without the support of the capital.Experts say,Capital on agricultural support mode should be mainly is the tax breaks and subsidies"feedback"form,If capital directly into agricultural production may appear some potential problems,Need pertinently reinforce supervision.

　　一段时间以来，丁磊养猪、刘强东种大米、联想酿酒养水产……“资本下乡”、“资本入农”被传为佳话。吸引工商业资本进入农业和农业产业化一度是高层所鼓励的方向，国家为此曾出台了许多税收减免、土地征用的优惠政策，但随着资本入农的各项弊端逐渐暴露，近年来这些政策已经有所收紧，政策方向也有所转变。

A period of time,Both William ding pigs/LiuJiangDong kind of rice/Lenovo wine keep aquatic..."Capital to"/"Capital into farming"Was preached Hong Kong.To attract business capital into agriculture and agricultural industrialization is top once encouraged direction,This country has introduced many tax breaks/Preferential policies of land requisition,But as the capital into the disadvantages of agriculture gradually exposed,In recent years these policies have been tightened,Policy direction change.

　　“嗑药速成鸡”最近成为网络关注焦点，之所以会出现这样的情况，其根源在于涉足养殖的资本一味追求效益，无视其他规定和限制。牲畜养殖业是投资界公认的“吃钱”行业，这个领域的投入周期长、成本高、风险大。而资本的“逐利性”则要求高风险与高收益匹配。一旦养殖业进入了只追求利润而忽视自然规律的怪圈，必然将带来危害食品安全的后果。“速成鸡”如此，“三聚氰胺”奶亦然。

"Into hard drugs crash chicken"Recently become a focus of network,The reason for causing this situation,The root cause lies in breeding in the capital blindly pursue benefit,Ignore other regulations and restrictions.Livestock breeding is assumed to recognized"Eat money"industry,The field of investment cycle is long/High cost/Risk big.And capital"ZhuLiXing"Insist on high risk and high income matching.Once the breeding into the only the pursuit of profit and ignore the law of nature circle,Will inevitably bring harm to the consequences of food safety."Crash chicken"so,"melamine"Milk vice versa.

　　而一旦资本进入到种植业，则更可能威胁到粮食安全。“靠天吃饭”的种植业同样面临周期长、投入大、风险高的问题。气候变化、病虫灾害等都可能导致巨额投资“打水漂”。追求利润最大化的资本进入到这个领域，往往会想尽办法分散风险，增加收益。

And once capital into crop production,Is more likely to threaten food security."Rely on the"Crop cultivation also faced a long life cycle/Into big/The problem of high risk.Climate change/Disease and insect disasters could lead to a huge investment"Poured down the drain".The pursuit of profit maximization of capital into the field,Will often try to spread risk,Increases the income.

　　有的投资者以种植为名承包大量土地后，实际只用其中一部分来进行种植，而大部分都用来发展收益率更高的项目，例如观光农业、旅游采摘，甚至是变相的房地产开发。农业部人士表示，目前国家对资本进入农业的监管并没有对其产出进行约束，这就给涉农资本留下了可钻的“空子”，这样的情况如果继续放任，将可能威胁到我国的粮食安全。（下转A02版）

Some investors to grow as large areas of land contracting after,The actual part only to grow,And most are used to develop higher rate of return on the project,Such as sightseeing agriculture/Tourism picking,Even form of real estate development.The ministry of agriculture said people,At present the country on capital into agricultural supervision and no restrictions on the output,This will give agriculture capital left can drill"hole",This situation if continue to indulge,May threaten China's food security.(Turn the A02 version)

　　（上接A01版）资本的“野蛮性”也是农业专家担心的一个重要问题。在城镇化的过程中，房地产开发已经导致大量农民失去土地，其中不乏资本的推动。而如果大量资本介入农地流转，却又缺少严格的政策限制，则可能加剧农民失地，带来社会不稳定因素。

(Connected to A01 version)capital"Savage sexual"Agricultural experts worry that is one of the most important problems.In the process of urbanization,Real estate development has led to a lot of loss of land for farmers,There is no lack of among them capital to promote.And if a large number of capital involved in farmland circulation,Yet the lack of strict restrictions,May aggravate land-losing farmers,Bring social instability factors.

　　除了资本的两大特性外，资本主导的规模化、工厂化生产具有占用土地量大、消化劳动力少的特点，将对农村形态和农民利益形成巨大冲击。

In addition to the two major characteristics of capital outside,The leading capital scale/Factory production with large amount of land/The characteristics of less digestive labor force,Will the interests of farmers and rural form a huge impact.

　　业内专家表示，现阶段，资本对农业的扶持更多的应当是“反哺”，即在政府的主导下，以税收和补贴的形式，通过再分配进入农业。2004年以来，农业税的逐步免除和各项农业补贴的增加，都是工商业反哺农业的结果。但农业补贴制度设计还需要进一步完善。例如在农民的种粮补贴上，目前是对每亩土地给予一定的补贴，而对土地的产出没有限制。这就导致一些被用作其他用途的土地仍然能够获得补贴。农业部有关专家表示，以后新增的农业补贴将与产出挂钩。

The experts say,At present,Capital on agricultural support more should be"feedback",That is under the guidance of the government,In the form of tax and subsidy,Through the redistribution in agriculture.Since 2004,Agricultural tax gradually releases and the increase of agricultural subsidies,Are the result of industry regurgitation feeding agriculture.But the agricultural subsidy system design still need further improvement.Such as in the farmer's grain on subsidies,At present is to give certain subsidy per acre of land,And there is no limit to the land output.This will cause some is used as other purposes of the land can still get subsidies.The ministry of agriculture experts said,After the new agricultural subsidies will and output hook.

　　对于已经或者将要直接介入农业的资本则需要更加严格的监管。例如，在保障耕地性质不变的同时，还要对其产出有所限制。专家建议，鼓励资本进入农产品的加工和流转等环节，而不是种植、养殖等生产环节。按照农业部的规划，未来将加大从事农业的后备人才的培养，改变农地由“老弱妇孺”耕种的现状，同时提高农业准入的技能门槛，将耕地交给真正“会种地”的人。

To have or will be directly involved in agricultural capital requires more strict supervision.Such as,In the protection of cultivated land properties unchanged at the same time,And the output is limited.Expert advice,Encourage capital into the agricultural products processing and circulation and other links,Instead of planting/Breeding and other production link.According to the ministry of agriculture of planning,The future will increase in agricultural reserve talents,Farmland change by"The weak"Farming the present situation of the,At the same time improving agricultural access skills threshold,The cultivated land to real"Will sow the land"people.