积极稳妥推进新型城镇化建设，既是我国加快推进转变经济发展方式、实现社会主义现代化的重大战略任务，也是当前扭转和稳定经济增长，扩大有效需求的现实选择。金融如何适应新时期城镇化建设的新要求，加大对新型城镇化建设支持力度，助推经济转型和平稳发展，是必须优先思考和解决的重大问题。

Actively yet prudently proceed with new construction of urbanization,Both accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic development in our country/Achieve significant strategic task of socialist modernization,Is also the current torque and stable economic growth,The realistic choice to enlarge effective demand.Finance how to adapt to urbanization in the new period of the construction of the new requirements,To increase support of new urbanization construction,Boost the economic transformation and the smooth development,Is must first think about and solve major issues.

　　金融支持新型城镇化发展的着力点

Financial support for the new key points in development of urbanization

　　“未来几十年中国最大的发展潜力在城镇化”。改革开放30多年来，快速城镇化成为中国发展的重要标志。2012年，中国城镇化率达到52.57%。但与此同时，伴随长期经济结构性问题的不断累积，我国实体经济发展动力不足问题更为突出。党的十八大开启了改革发展的新起点，新型城镇化作为我国应对“中等收入陷阱”的重要发展战略，中央高层已将其提到新的高度，各地亦纷纷出台举措推进城镇化在我国的新一轮发展。作为拉动内需，并助推实体经济转型发展的重要举措，新型城镇化将是未来相当长时期内（5～10年甚至更久）我国经济社会发展的主导方向。

"In the coming decades, China's biggest development potential in the urbanization".More than 30 years of reform and opening up,Rapid urbanization become an important symbol of China's development.In 2012,,China's urbanization rate reached 52.57%.But at the same time,With the steady accumulation of long-term economic structural problems,The entity economy development of our country power shortage problem is more outstanding.The eighteenth big opens the new starting point of the reform and development,New type of urbanization in China"The middle-income trap"An important development strategy,The top has to be referred to a new height,Around also introduced measures to promote the urbanization in the new round development of our country.As a stimulating domestic demand,And boost the real economy transformation of the development of the important measures,New type of urbanization will be the future quite a long period of time(5 ~ 10 years or more)The dominant direction of China's economic and social development.

　　推进我国新型城镇化不断发展，离不开金融的大力支持。更进一步地，新型城镇化发展对我国金融体系的改革与配套支持的要求很高。顺利推进新型城镇化发展，我国金融体系必须进行深刻、整体性地调整，已应对长期二元经济发展格局、金融资源供给失衡和权益性融资市场长期弱势等问题对新型城镇化发展带来的巨大阻力。深刻理解十八大后的新型城镇化发展的内涵和实质，对于把握金融支持的着力点和未来金融体系的改革发展方向意义重大。

Promote the development of the new type of urbanization in our country,Cannot leave financial the support.further,New type of urbanization development in our country is very tall to the requirement of the reform of the financial system and support.New urbanization development smoothly,China's financial system would have to be profound/Integrity to adjust,Have to deal with long-term dual economic development pattern/Long-term supply of financial resources imbalance and equity financing market vulnerable to problems such as the new urbanization development brings the huge resistance.Eighteen big after a deep understanding of new urbanization connotation and essence,To grasp the key points in financial support and financial system reform is of great significance to the development direction in the future.

　　从我国城镇化多年发展的经验教训和经济发展方式弊病来看，金融支持新型城镇化发展的切入点及重点在于——农村城镇化和城镇现代化的统一。此次的中央文件重点强调了新型城镇化发展中的“加快发展中小城市和县域城镇化”。从城镇化发展的自然规律和经济社会发展经验来看，城镇化问题本质仍然是农民问题，或是“三农问题”，进一步地，也是一个“新农村建设的问题”。目前，“三农”改革、土地制度等改革已经取得了很大进展。2004年，国务院颁布《关于深化改革严格土地管理的决定》，其中，“农民集体所有建设用地可以依法流转”的规定，强调“在符合规划的前提下，村庄、集镇、建制镇中的农民集体所有建设用地使用权可以依法流转”，为有效利用土地资源、提高土地利用效益、实现农业的现代化生产、推动城镇化提供了条件。特别是2006年“新农村建设”提出后，“三农”问题开始注重“工业反哺农业”，改善农村硬件条件、推进城镇化方向发展的趋势更加明显。此次“新型城镇化”的明确提出，实质上是我国农民问题解决之路的重要探索，表明未来“三农”问题在经历“新农村建设”阶段后，正式迈入与“先行先富”的城市的协调发展之路。

Lessons from the experience of years of development of urbanization in our country and the pattern of economic development problems,Financial support for the new breakthrough point and focus on the development of the urbanization, the unity of the rural urbanization and urban modernization.The file is in the middle of the highlight in the development of a new type of urbanization"Speed up the development of small and medium-sized cities and urbanization of the county".From the natural law of urbanization development and the economic and social development experience,Problems of urbanization essence is still the problem of farmers,or"Agriculture, rural areas and farmers problems",further,Is also a"The new rural construction".At present,"Agriculture, rural areas and farmers"The reform/Land system reform has made great progress.In 2004,,Issued by the state council[On deepening reform strict land management decisions],Among them,"Construction land collectively owned by peasants may be transfer in accordance with the law"The provisions of the,Emphasis on"On the premise of comply with planning,village/Market town/Town of right to use construction land collectively owned by peasants may transfer according to law",For effective utilization of land resources/Improve the efficiency of the land use/Realize the modernization of agricultural production/Promote urbanization.Especially in 2006"The new rural construction"After the proposed,"Agriculture, rural areas and farmers"Problems begin to pay attention to"Industry regurgitation feeding agriculture",Improve rural hardware conditions/The trend of the development of the urbanization direction more clearly.the"New type of urbanization"Clearly put forward,Is essentially important to explore the road of the peasant problem solving,Indicates that the future"Agriculture, rural areas and farmers"The problem in"The new rural construction"After the stage of,Formally entering and"Ahead of the actual"The coordinated development of the city.

　　由此，本文认为，金融支持新型城镇化发展的关键和着力点在于：在原有“新农村建设”金融服务体系建设和完善基础上，将扶持和投资方向进一步向依托当地特色发展的城镇化综合建设倾斜，重点投向有现代化产业发展基础、土地优化配置利用、综合生活配套合理、文教资源建设同步、多种性质金融资源（政策性金融、商业金融）共同参与的新型农村城镇化项目。特别地，有大型工业产业项目拉动、工商业传统相对浓厚、地理区位优势较明显地区（如县郊）的村镇，其金融体系的完善和优化，对当地新型城镇化建设的支持效果将更为明显，并更易形成示范效应。

thus,This paper argues that,Financial support is crucial for the development of new type of urbanization and the focus lies in:In the original"The new rural construction"Based on the construction and improvement of the financial service system,Will rely on local support and investment direction to the further development of the urbanization comprehensive construction,Focus on with modern industrial development foundation/Optimizing the allocation of land use/Synthetic life form a complete set is reasonable/Cultural and educational resources construction synchronization/A variety of properties of financial resources(Policy finance/Commercial finance)Participation of the new type of rural urbanization.In particular,There are large industrial projects/Traditional business relatively strong/Geographical location advantages more apparent(Such as some)The villages and towns,To improve and optimize its financial system,Support for local new urbanization effect will be more obvious,And are more likely to form a demonstration effect.

　　金融支持城镇化的体系建设

The financial support system of urbanization construction

　　按照我国金融体系主要构成部门情况划分，不同性质和类型的金融机构在支持城镇化发展，尤其是在推进农村地区优化软硬件发展条件，为农村向城镇发展演进以及培育农村工业产业、积累未来城镇化发展动力方面，发挥了不同的作用。在支持城镇化发展进程中，银行业提供的金融支持力度最大，这其中，又以政策性银行（也即中国农业发展银行）的贡献最大。商业银行由于自身经营发展盈利性特征的强显性，对城镇化发展及农村地区软硬件条件改善的金融服务投入相对较少，但随着商业银行竞争发展格局的日趋激烈，越来越多的涉农业务或县域、乡镇地区业务的开展，客观上提升了商业银行对城镇化发展的支持力度。未来，伴随商业银行产品条线的不断向下布局，其对县域、乡镇乃至农村地区的金融扶持力度，尤其是与城镇化建设直接相关的金融服务投入将越来越多。此外，为推进城镇化建设，以中国农业发展银行、国家开发银行为代表的政策性金融资源，不断探索与商业性金融资源合作、共同支持城镇化建设的新思路、新模式，在调动商业性金融资源投入城镇化建设方面取得了良好效果，并在全国形成了若干典型案例，如河南中鹤的新型农业化与城镇化发展模式。

According to the main department of division of finance system in our country,Different properties and types of financial institutions in supporting the development of urbanization,Especially in rural areas optimization software and hardware development conditions,For the rural to the urban development evolution and cultivate the rural industry/Accumulation of the future urbanization development motivation,Play a different role.In the support the development of the urbanization process,Most Banks to provide financial support,This one,And for policy Banks(That is the agricultural development bank of China)The biggest contribution.Commercial Banks because of its profitability strong dominant characteristic of the operation and development,Development of urbanization and to improve financial services in rural areas in software and hardware conditions are relatively few,But with the development of commercial Banks competitive landscape has become increasingly fierce,More and more agricultural business or county/Town area business,Objectively promote the commercial Banks to support the development of the urbanization.In the future,Along with the commercial Banks down the layout of product line,The county/Villages and towns and rural areas of financial support,Especially financial services is directly related to the urbanization construction will be more and more.In addition,To promote the construction of urbanization,In the agricultural development bank of China/China development bank, as a representative of the policy of financial resources,To continuously explore and commercial financial resources cooperation/To support new idea of the construction of urbanization/The new model,In the transfer of commercial financial resources into the urbanization construction has achieved good results,And throughout the country formed a number of typical cases,Such as henan unique new agriculture and urbanization development model.

　　表1详细列示和分析了目前国内涉及支持县域、乡镇、农村地区城镇化建设的金融服务提供情况，不同类型的金融机构、金融市场以及多种形式的金融工具，共同构成了未来支持城镇化发展的金融服务支持网络。

Are shown in table 1 and the analysis of the current domestic involves the support of county/The villages and towns/Financial services in the rural urbanization construction,Different types of financial institutions/Financial markets and various kinds of financial instruments,Constitute the support the future urbanization development of financial service support network.

　　金融支持城镇化存在的问题

Financial support to the problems existing in the urbanization

　　新型城镇化发展，就是最终要形成以中心乡镇为核心的农村区域经济社会系统。这其中，最关键的是要设法把农村区域经济社会建设成自循环的有机系统，使之拥有足够的自愈能力和成长能力，而这一过程的实现，离不开农村金融的发展与支持。目前，我国农村基本上形成了以商业银行、政策性银行和信用合作社为主体的金融体系，其中农村信用合作社的服务最为普遍。与此同时，具有灰色性质的民间借贷也广泛存在。从1999年开始，四大国有商业银行逐步从农村地区撤出，目前已基本取消了县一级分支机构的放款权。中国农业发展银行的主要任务也仅限于承担国家规定的政策性金融业务，并代理财政性支农资金的拨付，并不直接涉及农户。至于唯一面向农户开展业务的农信社，其贷款也呈现出向城市及大型乡镇企业集中的趋势。虽然我国现行的农村金融组织体系仍在不断的探索、改革和发展，但在城镇化过程中，仍存在许多实际问题。

New type of urbanization development,Is to eventually form the center of villages and towns as the core of rural area's economic and social system.This one,The key is to try to economic and social development in the rural area into the circulation of the organic system,Make it have enough self-healing ability and growth ability,And the process of implementation,Can not do without the development and support of rural finance.At present,Basically formed by commercial Banks in the rural areas/Policy Banks and credit cooperatives as the main body of the financial system,The rural credit cooperatives service is the most common.At the same time,Private lending is also widely exists in the nature of gray.Starting in 1999,Four major state-owned commercial Banks gradually withdraw from rural areas,At present have been cancelled lending right branches at the county level.The main task of the agricultural development bank of China is limited to assume the policy financial business stipulated by the state,And agent, and the appropriation of the financial funds for supporting agriculture,Not directly related to farmers.As for the only rural credit cooperatives for farmers to do business,Its loans are also presented to the city and large centralized trend of township enterprises.Although the current rural financial organization system continues to explore/The reform and development,But in the process of urbanization,There are still many practical problems.

　　金融供需矛盾严重，地域差距过大

Financial serious contradiction between supply and demand,Regional disparity is too big

　　不言而喻的是，我国农村地区金融供需矛盾长期严重，相应的供给和需求不能有效对接，尤其是民间资金的供需对接更加困难，从而严重削弱了农村金融对城镇化发展进程的支持效率和作用。如前文所述，城镇化必然产生极大的资金需求，需要新建和翻新大量的基础设施，这种建设项目的非盈利性与商业银行的经营目标相悖，二者相互制约，成为阻碍城镇化建设的关键。

It goes without saying that is,Long-term serious imbalance between supply and demand of rural finance in China,Supply and demand can't effective docking,Especially the folk capital docking of supply and demand more difficult,Which severely weakened the efficiency of rural financial support for the urbanization development process and function.As stated earlier,Urbanization will bring huge capital requirements,It requires a substantial amount of new and refurbished infrastructure,The construction project of the nonprofit and runs counter to the business objectives of commercial Banks,Constraints on each other,Become the key obstacle to urbanization construction.

　　健全的金融市场包含的货币市场和资本市场，应该能充分发挥配置金融资源的作用，从而为城镇化建设提供源源不断的资金。然而，由于我国目前的金融业市场化程度不高，权益性投融资市场长期无法发展壮大，货币和资本市场间又长期缺乏联动机制等问题，造成金融市场结构效率过低，不利于城镇化建设中各种融资形式配置金融资源效用的充分发挥。

A sound financial markets include monetary market and capital market,Should be able to give full play to the role of the allocation of financial resources,Urbanization construction to provide a steady stream of funds.however,Because our country's current financial marketization degree is not high,Long-term equity investment and financing market cannot grow,Between monetary and capital markets and long-term problems such as lack of linkage mechanism,Due to low efficiency of financial market structure,Unfavorable to the urbanization construction of various forms of financing allocation of financial resources give full play to utility.

　　我国农村的地域较为广大，各地的经济发展水平相差也较大，而城镇化过程中的金融供需矛盾进一步加大了地域性的差距，无论是从地理结构来看还是从经济的发展程度而言，地域性的差异也是很重要的影响因素。从地理结构看，东部、中部和西部经济发展中的金融体系发育的情况也是呈阶梯状的；从经济发展的程度来看，经济发达地区和欠发达地区以及经济发展介于二者之间的地区，相关金融体系的发展状况也是呈阶梯状的，并且二者在一定程度上有一定的重合和交叉。但每个发展区间之间的差距又过大，增加了城镇化过程中金融体系发展的难度。

China's rural area is relatively large,Around the economic development level difference is bigger also,And in the process of urbanization further increased the imbalance between supply and demand of financial regional gap,Both in terms of the structure of geographical and from the economic development level,Regional differences are also important factors.Look from the geographic structure,In the eastern/The financial system development in central and western economic development is also a ladder shaped;From the perspective of the level of economic development,Economic developed region and undeveloped region and economic development between the two regions,Related to the development of the financial system status is also a ladder shaped,And to a certain extent, there is a certain overlap and cross.But the gap between the development of each interval is too large,Increasing the difficulty of the financial system during the process of urbanization development.

　　金融组织机构结构调整未达预期

The financial organization structure adjustment did not meet expectations

　　改革开放以来，我国的农村金融机构组织日趋多元化，但各类金融机构的比例结构还是有明显的不完善，这个现状极大地限制了我国金融业的全面发展，不利于形成多架构的金融体系，也不利于不同金融机构组织之间的良性竞争和交叉补充，金融资源的配置效率过低，总体上不能为我国城镇化建设提供优质的金融供给。

Since the reform and opening,China's rural financial organization has become increasingly diversified,But the proportion of all kinds of financial institutions structure are obviously inadequate,This situation has greatly restricted the our country financial industry's development in an all-round way,Conducive to form a financial system architecture,Is not conducive to healthy competition between financial institutions and cross added,Financial resources allocation efficiency is too low,In general not for urbanization construction in our country to provide quality financial supply.

　　目前，我国农村金融服务体系概括起来可以分为：商业金融、政策性金融、农村保险、民间金融。主要开展的金融机构有中国农业银行(601288,股吧)、中国农业发展银行、农村合作银行、农村信用社、农村商业银行、村镇银行、中国邮政储蓄银行、农村资金互助社、贷款公司九类农村金融机构。因此，从体制上来看，我国的农村金融服务体系比较完善，但就具体实践而言，我国的农村金融组织体系还不够健全，农村金融机构提供的金融服务并不能满足农民对金融的需求，农民贷款难的问题并没有得到解决。因此，现阶段我国农村金融体系并不能满足新型城镇化建设的需要。主要体现在以下几点：

At present,In summary can be divided into rural financial service system in our country:Commercial finance/Policy finance/The rural insurance/The folk financial.Mainly there are agricultural bank of China financial institutions to carry out(601288,stocks)/The agricultural development bank of China/Rural cooperative bank/Rural credit cooperatives/Rural commercial bank/Village Banks/The postal savings bank of China/Rural financial support/Nine kinds of rural financial institutions loan company.so,From the system point of view,China's rural financial service system more perfect,But in terms of concrete practice,China's rural financial organization system is not sound enough,Rural financial institutions to provide financial services cannot meet farmers' demand for financial,Farmers loan difficult problem is not solved.so,At present our country rural financial system cannot meet the needs of the new urbanization construction.Mainly reflects in the following points:

　　政策性金融功能缺位。在我国，中国农业发展银行担任着这项政治任务，为我国“三农”发展提供支持。但长期以来，我国的农业政策性银行一直存在很多问题，如运行机制不健全、业务单一、功能缺位等，这些都制约了政策性金融机构作用的发挥。分析其原因，主要包括：一是服务单一，政策性银行主要对粮棉油等农产品的储备、收购、调销等提供融资服务，业务对象范围比较局限，对其他急需信贷支持的农业项目支持力度不够，相对限制了农村经济的发展。二是资金来源单一，政策性银行的主要资金来源是财政拨款，但是资金不能按时到位，且资金拨付有限。此外，也可向中央银行借款，但这会造成筹资成本上升。三是其实行“独立核算、自主保本经营、企业化管理”的经营政策，必然造成一些农业融资需求得不到满足。

The absence of policy financial function.In our country,The agricultural development bank of China holds the political task,For our country"Agriculture, rural areas and farmers"Support the development of.But for a long time,There has been a lot of problems in our country agricultural policy bank,Such as operation mechanism is not sound/A single business/Absence of function etc.,These have restricted the policy-based financial institutions play a role.Analysis of the reason,Mainly includes:A single service,Policy bank mainly reserves of oil and other agricultural products/Acquisition of/DiaoXiao provide financing services, etc,Business object scope is limited,For other need credit support for agriculture projects support is not enough,Relatively limited the development of rural economy.The second is single source of funds,Policy Banks funding is the main source of funds,But money can't arrive on time,And limited funds disbursed.In addition,Also can borrow funds from the central bank,But this will create financing costs.Three is the"Independent accounting/Independent break-even operation/Enterprise management"The management policy,Is bound to cause some agricultural funding needs are not being met.

　　四大商业银行逐渐退出农村金融市场。市场化的发展使得资金不断追求较高收益率，这造成1997年以后四大国有商业银行逐渐退出农村金融市场，因此，市场经济的发展导致农村金融一直处于空缺地位。

Big four commercial Banks gradually withdraw from the rural financial market.The development of market makes money continuously the pursuit of higher yields,Since 1997, caused the big four state-owned commercial Banks gradually withdraw from the rural financial market,so,The development of the market economy led to the rural finance has been in a vacant position.

　　农村信用社有心无力。近年来，农村信用社得到了较快的发展，也得到社会的广泛认可，但由于农村信用社自身条件的限制，总是处于有心无力的状态。主要有如下原因：一是股本总量较少，银行是经营风险的机构，且高负债经营。因此，其经营发展受到资本金制约。二是农村信用法人治理结构不完善、产权不明晰、资产质量差、历史包袱重、信用工具欠缺、结算功能不全，这使得农村信用社在与同业竞争中处于劣势地位，更加大了农信社资金供需的矛盾。

Rural credit cooperatives are unable to do this.In recent years,Rural credit cooperatives got rapid development,Is widely recognized in society,But due to the constraint of rural credit cooperatives themselves,Always in a state of overwhelmed.Has the following main reason:One is total equity is less,Bank's operation risk,And the high debt management.so,Its development is restricted by capital.2 it is rural credit corporation governance structure is imperfect/Property right is not clear/Poor quality of assets/Historical burden is heavy/Lack of credit tools/Settlement function is not complete,This makes the rural credit cooperatives in and competition at a disadvantage position,More big the conflict between capital supply and demand of rural credit cooperatives.

　　邮政储蓄银行的农村金融服务业务受到制约。邮政储蓄银行曾长期只存不贷，只从农村吸收资金，但不放贷款，一直扮演农村资金的“抽水机”角色。中国邮政储蓄银行成立以后，逐步为农村信用联社提供融资，或通过银团贷款的方式将大批资金投入到农村基础建设、农业综合开发和“三农”重点工程等领域。

Postal savings bank of rural financial services is in control.Postal savings bank deposit not only borrow for a long time,Only from the countryside to absorb money,But don't put loans,Has always played a rural capital"Water pump"The role.After the founding the postal savings bank of China,Gradually to provide financing for rural credit association,Or through syndicated loan to large quantities of money into rural infrastructure/Comprehensive agricultural development and"Agriculture, rural areas and farmers"Key project, etc.

　　贷款公司营养不足，发育不良。一直以来，非政府信贷组织没有法律地位，贷款公司地位尴尬。在没有法律依据的情况下，贷款公司有些“四不像”：不是正规的金融机构，不能吸收存款，可以赢利，却不是“慈善机构”。无法吸收存款导致后续资金不足，成为制约贷款公司发展的短板。

Loan company nutritional deficiencies,dysplasia.Has always been,Non-governmental credit organization without legal status,An awkward loan company.In the absence of legal basis,Some lenders"You can":Is not the formal financial institutions,Can't absorb deposits,You can profit,It is not"charity".Unable to absorb deposits in subsequent insufficient funds,Become restraints on the development of loan companies.

　　农村保险业功能不健全。在农业保险方面，目前，我国主要有两大保护措施：一是政府的救济，二是农业保险。这两种方式在实践中存在很多问题，如援助力度不足、财政资金使用效率较低等。20世纪90年代后，我国农村保险业进入停滞不前状态，业务量日益萎缩。目前，尽管目前国内成立了几家专业的农业保险公司，但业务覆盖范围窄，公司规模小，难以满足我国新农村建设及支持城镇化发展的需求。

Rural insurance function is not sound.In the aspect of agriculture insurance,At present,Mainly has two big protection measures in our country:One is the government's relief,The second is agricultural insurance.These two approaches exist many problems in practice,Such as aid/Financial funds use efficiency is low.After the 1990 s,Rural insurance in our country entered into a state of stagnation,Business is shrinking.At present,Although the current domestic set up several professional agricultural insurance company,But business coverage is narrow,Company size is small,Difficult to meet the new countryside construction and support the development of the urbanization.

　　民间金融缺乏必要的法律保障。民间金融是一种非正规的、非制度化和非组织化的金融体系，但广泛存在于传统的、固有的经济模式中。近年来，农村民间金融活动十分活跃，规模不断扩大，但随着在城镇化的农村经济发展，经济关系日渐复杂，金融供给和服务选择日益多样化，民间金融虽然能在一定程度上缓解农户的资金问题，但抵抗风险能力相对较弱，基本保障体系不健全，最重要的是必要的法律保障的缺失成为我国农村民间金融的健康发展的羁绊。

The folk financial lack of necessary legal protection.Folk is a kind of informal finance/Non-institutionalized and unorganized financial system,But traditional exists extensively/Inherent in the economic model.In recent years,Rural folk financial activities are very active,scale,But as in the urbanization of the rural economic development,Increasingly complex economic relations,Financial supply and service selection is increasingly diverse,Although folk financial can alleviate to some extent farmers money problems,But relatively weak ability to resist risks,The basic security system is not sound,One of the most important is the lack of necessary legal protection become the fetters of the healthy development of the rural folk finance in China.

　　金融资源配置缺乏有效性，信贷支持不足

The lack of financial resources allocation efficiency,Insufficient credit support

　　在我国农村建设的城镇化过程中，金融资源的配置效率不高，缺乏足够的有效性。尤其是城市建设对农村金融资源的“虹吸”现象十分普遍。在城镇，无论是社会发展的总体基本面还是金融体制机制的发展，相对农村地区都已经有了比较符合长期经济发展的路径。我国城镇化进程的开展，主要是为了推动农村地区的经济向现代经济方向发展，特别是金融机构提供足够的资金支持，保证农村的各项经济生活能有健康的发展。但现行的农村金融体系中，金融组织机构虽然种类繁多，但并未真正发挥其对金融资源的配置作用，且农村城镇化过程中的信贷支持严重不足。

In the process of urbanization of rural construction in China,Financial resources allocation efficiency is not high,Lack of effectiveness of enough.Especially in the urban construction of the rural financial resources"siphon"Phenomenon is very common.In the town,As the overall fundamentals in social development and the development of financial systems and mechanisms,Rural areas have more in line with the long-term economic development path.The development of the urbanization process in China,Mainly in order to promote the economy of rural areas to develop in the direction of the modern economy,Especially the financial institutions to provide adequate financial support,To guarantee rural life can have a healthy economic development.But in the current rural financial system,Although financial institutions are varied,But did not really play a role of the allocation of financial resources,And a serious shortage of credit support in the process of rural urbanization.

　　我国农村金融体制中现行信贷管理机制不畅，与实际发展不协调。长期以来，政府在战略布局和资源分配上强调城市过多，关注农村过少，尤其是农产品短缺问题解决后，发展重点向城市倾斜更加明显。农村资金需求的特点在于户多面广，地域分散，具有明显的广泛性。这就要求金融部门不但网点要多，而且贷款应以信用贷款为主，在机构设置与经营管理上均实行粗放型模式。但随着金融改革的推进，农村金融部门为了提高经营集约化和扁平化程度，制定了减员增效、撤并机构、收缩战线的发展战略，这使农业结构调整中的服务分散化与金融服务集约化成为一对矛盾。农村城镇化的建设，迫切需要加大对农村的资金投入。目前，我国在农村资金投入方面面临的突出矛盾是：农村有需求但力量不足，财政有意愿但财力不足，银行有资金但手段不足，并形成了市场与政府干预双重失灵的局面，导致农村面临严重的“资金饥渴症”。资金的趋利性导致农村资金正通过多种渠道不断外流，严重弱化了县域银行资金“蓄水池”功能，其中，表现最为明显的是基层国有商业银行的贷款权限上收，演变为单纯的吸收存款机构，并将吸收的大量农村资金通过上存流向中心城市和经济发达地区，为能将吸收来的存款真正的用于农村金融的建设和发展。

China's rural financial system in the current credit management mechanism,With the actual development not harmonious.For a long time,The government emphasizes on the strategic layout and the allocation of resources city too much,Too little attention to rural,Especially agricultural products shortage after the problem solving,Development focus to the city.Characteristics of rural financial demand is polyhedral widely,Geographical spread,Has obvious universality.This requires that the financial sector not only network,And should give priority to with credit loan,On the institutional setup and management implement extensive pattern.But with the development of financial reform,The rural financial sector in order to improve the degree of intensive and flat,Workers made the increase/Streamline institutions/Contraction of front development strategy,This makes agricultural structure adjustment in service diversification and intensification of financial services has become a pair of contradiction.The construction of rural urbanization,Urgent need to increase the capital investment in rural areas.At present,In the aspect of rural funds in our country is facing the outstanding contradictions:Rural demand but insufficient power,Fiscal willing but insufficient financial resources,Bank has money but means less than,And formed the market and government intervention in the dual failure situation,Facing serious lead to rural areas"Money hungry".The fickle kinds of money led to rural funds outflow is through various channels,Severely weakened the county bank funds"reservoir"function,Among them,The most obvious is the performance of state-owned commercial bank's loan authority taking,Evolved into pure deposit-taking institutions,And will absorb a large number of rural capital through the flow to the center cities and economically developed areas,For can will absorb deposit is really used in the construction and development of rural finance.

　　金融生态环境不健康

Financial ecological environment is not healthy

　　健康的社会生态环境的缺乏，严重制约了农村金融体系的有序发展。其他国家金融业发展的经验表明，行政环境、公民权利和义务及诚信意识等对构建多元化的金融体系具有积极促进作用。但目前我国农村金融环境还不够成熟。一方面，体现在我国农村行政环境与城市相比仍处于半传统、半封闭状态，表现为地方政府思想的保守性、行政方式和方法的落后，这不利于农村金融组织的独立运营，也制约着农村金融市场功能的充分自由发挥。另一方面，我国农民群众的权利和义务意识相对较弱，文化水平、法律知识等相对较低制约着农村群众依法维护自己的合法权利，同时，没有将监督权作为公民享有的权利和义务来对待。此外，农村地区诚信意识相对薄弱，表现为对合同的不了解、不执行，农村金融（尤其是民间借贷）纠纷发生相对频繁，各种私人钱庄、集资甚至高利贷等民间信用发展迅速。这些生态环境中的不稳定、不和谐因素，为在农村城镇化的金融体系的建构和完善带来了诸多不利影响。

The lack of healthy social environment,Seriously restricted the orderly development of rural financial system.Other countries experience suggests that financial sector development,Administrative environment/Civil rights and obligation and good faith consciousness and so on to build a diversified financial system has a positive promoting role.But at present our country rural financial environment is not mature enough.On the one hand,Embodied in administrative environment in rural areas in China compared with the city is still in the half traditional/Semi-closed state,Performance for the local government's conservative ideas/The administrative way and the method of backward,This is bad for independent operation of rural financial organizations,Also restricts the functions of rural financial market fully free play.On the other hand,The rights and obligations of Chinese peasants consciousness is relatively weak,Cultural level/Legal knowledge, such as relatively low restricts the rural people to maintain their own legal rights according to law,At the same time,No supervision as citizens shall enjoy the rights and obligations.In addition,Rural good faith consciousness is relatively weak,Performance of the contract do not understand/Does not perform,The rural financial(Especially the folk lending)Disputes occurred relatively frequent,All kinds of private bank/To raise even usury folk credit has developed rapidly.The ecological environment of the instability/Disharmony factors,For urbanization in the rural areas of the establishment and completion of the financial system has brought many negative effects.

　　（作者单位：中国人民大学财政金融学院、中国人民银行抚顺市中心支行）

(The author unit:Renmin university of China institute of finance/The people's bank of China of fushun city center branch)