今年是温州金改的突破之年。

This is wenzhou gold to breakthrough of the year.

　　中国中小企业协会副会长周德文表示，外界呼声一直很高的个人资本境外直接投资、设立真正以民间资本为主导的金融机构等事项在今年会有更多突破，预计会有一两家纯粹的民营金融机构诞生。

, vice President of China association of small and medium enterprises, Mr Zhou said,The outside has been very high personal capital of foreign direct investment/Set up really dominated by private capital of financial institutions, and other items in this year there will be more breakthrough,Expect one or two of pure private financial institutions.

　　最近温州金融改革有两个热点话题：一是《浙江省温州民间融资管理条例（草案）》成稿，其中民间借贷年息上限48%的行政处罚红线引发争议；二是今年3月28日，温州金融综合改革一周年，随之而来的是各界对温州金改的重新聚焦。两会期间，业界热议温州金改进展以及探寻民间资本进入金融机构的路径。全国人大代表、温州市市长陈金彪提出的两个议案之中就包括关于民资参与金融机构和农村产权制度改革的内容，业内人士则直言“今年是温州金改的突破之年”。

Recently, wenzhou's financial reform, there are two hot topics:One is the[The regulation of private financing in wenzhou in zhejiang province(The draft)]A draft,The folk lending the administrative punishment according to the red line of cap of 48% annual interest sparked controversy;The second is March 28 this year,Wenzhou financial comprehensive reform in a week,Followed by the from all walks of life to focus on financial reform in wenzhou.During the two sessions,Industry buzz wenzhou gold change progress and explore the path of the folk capital into financial institutions.The National People's Congress/Wenzhou city mayor Chen Jinbiao puts forward two proposals to include about what was involved in the content of the financial institutions and rural property system reform,The personage inside course of study is the truth"This is wenzhou gold to breakthrough of the year".

　民间借贷立法在即 Of folk lending legislation

　　3月15日，在全国打假维权的热潮中，一个十余人组成的湖南考察队正忙着到温州“取经”。这支小分队直奔温州民间借贷服务中心（下称“借贷中心”），试图借鉴经验，为即将开业的长沙民间借贷服务中心提供参考。

On March 15,,In anti-counterfeit and upsurge in the country,A dozen people of hunan team is busy to wenzhou"For buddhist scriptures".The team headed for the wenzhou private lending service center(Hereinafter referred to as"Borrowing center"),Try to draw lessons from experience,For the opening of changsha, the folk lending service center to provide the reference.

　　一位随队考察的人士告诉新金融记者，“当天借贷中心的人不多，由于大部分出借方希望借款人提供房产抵押或担保，交易并不活跃。”作为温州金改获批后的全新产物，借贷中心被赋予民间融资规范化、阳光化使命，但如果成交量不多，疏导民间资本的功能也大大降低。统计数据显示，截至今年2月21日，借贷中心登记的民间资金约14亿元，其中顺利成交1100多单，金额4.23亿元，成交量约占三分之一。很显然，无论是登记额还是成交量，这样的成绩单并不亮眼，尤其对于1200亿元的温州民间资本总量来说更显得微乎其微，这也是外界质疑金改成效的重要原因。

A review with the team told finance new journalist,"Not many people borrowing center that day,Since most lenders want borrowers to provide mortgage or guarantee,Trading is not active."As the wenzhou gold change after the approval of new products,Borrowing center is assigned to the folk financing standardization/Sunlight to mission,But if the volume is not much,Facilitate private capital's function is also greatly reduced.Statistics show that,In the year to February 21,Lending registration at the centre of the folk capital of about 1.4 billion yuan,Buttoned up of more than 1100 single,Value of 423 million yuan,Volume accounts for about a third.obviously,Whether registration amount or volume,The transcript is not bright eye,Especially for the amount of private capital in wenzhou, 120 billion yuan more slim,This is also the doubt gold important reason of change the results.

　　事实上，规范民间借贷一直是温州最为突出的改革内容，也是金改细则12条中的首要任务。目前，借贷中心已引入8家中介机构入驻，并提供民间借贷登记、公证、资产评估等服务，平台虽然已经搭建好，新的问题却接踵而至。记者采访中发现，借贷双方现在最为担心的问题是民间借贷交易是否征税。“如果征税，按什么标准收，需要明确的政策规范，以解除借贷双方的后顾之忧。”这位随队考察的人士表示，借贷中心短期内征税将打击人们前来登记拆借资金的积极性，但长期来看，平台交易活跃之后征税可能难以避免，建议设置一个税收起征点，同时，对例如利息不超过银行同期贷款利率2倍的实行税收优惠或免税等，给各方一颗“定心丸”。

In fact,,Specification has been most prominent in wenzhou folk lending reform content,Article 12 is gold instead of top priority.At present,Borrowing center has introduced eight intermediaries,And to provide private lending registration/notarization/Assets evaluation and other services,Though platform has been set up well,New problems are followed.Reporters found,Both borrowers and lenders is now the most worry about is whether the folk lending transaction tax."If a tax,By what standard charge,Need clear policy specification,In order to remove both borrowers and lenders trouble back at home."The team said,Short term borrowing center tax would hit the enthusiasm of people registered borrow money,But in the long run,Platform trading activity after tax may be hard to avoid,Suggest to set up a tax threshold,At the same time,About such as no more than the same period bank loans interest rates twice preferential tax or tax exemption, etc,Give the parties an"certainty".

　　两会期间，陈金彪也表示，“有些政策地方要大力去突破，而有些法律地位、国家税收方面的问题，就需要国家顶层设计。比如民间借贷双方一旦达成借贷关系，按规定要缴税，我们希望暂时能给予优惠或减免。”

During the two sessions,Chen Jinbiao also said,"Some policies to vigorously to breakthrough,And some of the legal status/National tax issues,You need to state the top-level design.Such as lending to private lending once come to a relationship,To pay taxes according to regulations,We hope that you can give preferential or temporary relief."

　　值得注意的是，为建立民间融资监测体系，温州创建民间融资综合利率指数（即“温州指数”），力求对民间融资动态进行跟踪和风险预警。今年3月14日，通过对借贷中心、小额贷款公司、民间资本管理公司融资价格、社会直接借贷利率以及其他市场主体利率进行综合监测，得出温州民间融资综合年利率为20.61%，成为温州民间借贷市场的价格参考指数。该利率明显低于往年普遍年利率30%至50%的利率水平，一定程度上表明高利贷蔓延的势头得到遏制。

It is worth noting,Monitoring system for private financing,Create private financing in wenzhou synthetic rate index(That is"Wenzhou index"),To keep track of the folk financing and risk early warning.This year on March 14,,Through to the loan center/Small loan companies/Capital management on the private finance/Social direct lending interest rates and other market main body comprehensive monitoring of the interest rates,Wenzhou folk financing compound at an annual rate of 20.61% are obtained,Become a price reference index of wenzhou folk lending market.The common interest rates significantly lower than normal rates of 30% to 50%,To some extent, indicates that the spread of usury momentum contained.

　　在民间借贷立法方面，《浙江省温州民间融资管理条例（草案）》目前已进入浙江省人大立法审议阶段，并规定“借款期限在一个月以上的，而且超过48%上限利率的将按照高利贷予以行政处罚”。该《条例》草案编制负责人、浙江大学光华法学院教授李有星表示，48%政府干预利率上限的确定，是参考了人民银行历年来在温州的调研、温州民间融资综合利率指数以及香港的《放债人条例》而最终确定的。48%并非保护利率的上限，而是政府干预的红线。这意味着，利率过高的借贷活动将受到打压与处罚。

In the folk lending legislation,[The regulation of private financing in wenzhou in zhejiang province(The draft)]At present has entered the stage of legislative review of National People's Congress of zhejiang province,And regulations"To borrow in a month or more,And more than 48% cap interest rates will be administrative penalties in accordance with the loan sharks".the[regulations]The draft head/Zhejiang university guanghua law school professor Li Youxing said,48% of government intervention in the determination of interest rate cap,Is a reference to the people's bank of research over the years in wenzhou/Wenzhou folk financing of comprehensive interest rate index and Hong Kong[Creditors have regulations]And finally confirmed.48% is not protect the interest rate cap,But the red line of government intervention.This means that,Lending interest rates too high to the suppression and punishment.

　　一位参与编制工作但不愿具名的有关负责人告诉记者，《条例》草案有望今年出台，近期将进京接受专家论证与鉴定，并会针对颇具争议的条款作相应调整，但他不愿透露更多调整细节。

One person involved in compiling work but declined to be named officials told reporters,[regulations]The draft is expected to be introduced this year,Recent will receive expert argumentation and evaluation into Beijing,And will be adjusted accordingly for controversial clause,But he would not reveal more details adjustment.

未竟之事 Unfinished things

　　事实上，比照温州金改12条要义，大部分任务均在逐步推进，但业界对温州金改褒贬不一。温州金改的初衷旨在破解民间资金投资难、小微企业融资难的问题。为此，首次开设借贷中心、创建民间融资综合利率指数、尝试民间借贷立法、试点小额贷款公司转村镇银行等陆续推进，但不少人抱有更多“期待”，尤其是有着开设中小民营银行、利率市场化等改革诉求。

In fact,,In wenzhou gold change 12 point,Most of the tasks are in gradually,But the industry in wenzhou gold to mixed reviews.The purpose of the financial reform in wenzhou aimed at deciphering the folk capital investment difficult/Small micro enterprise financing difficult question.To do this,Borrowing center opened for the first time/Create folk financing comprehensive interest rate index/Try to folk lending legislation/Pilot micro-credit companies to gradually promote village Banks, etc,But many people have more"Looking forward to",Especially with open small private bank/Market-oriented interest rate reform, etc.

　　一直以来，温商对开设民营银行的热情很高。曾在上世纪80年代创办中国首家股份制城市信用社——温州鹿城城市信用社的杨嘉兴在温州金改获批后即与合伙人申请筹建“温州市农业发展银行”；温州市华商会会长陈国华等华侨申请创办“温州华侨银行”等诉求至今无果。

Has always been,Wen shang's passion for open private bank is very high.Was founded in the 1980 s, China's first joint-stock urban credit cooperatives - wenzhou lucheng city credit cooperatives Yang Jiaxing in wenzhou gold changed after approved and partner for the preparation"Wenzhou agricultural development bank";Wenzhou China chamber of commerce Chen Guohua such overseas application establishes"Wenzhou overseas Chinese bank"Such as appeal has failed.

　　陈金彪亦坦言，温州金改还明显存在“三个落差”，即实际进度与人们的预期有落差，中小企业的需求和目前能够提供的服务有落差，非常活跃的民间借贷行为与监管力量薄弱有落差。在他看来，温州的金融改革要突出几个特点，一是民资；二是服务实体经济；三是垄断领域向民资开放。这三方面能够建立一整套完整的体制机制，将为全国先走出一条路子。

Chen Jinbiao also admitted,Wenzhou gold change is obvious"Three drops",The actual schedule has gap with expectations,Small and medium-sized enterprises demand and can provide services have head,Very lively folk lending practices have gap with regulatory power is weak.In his opinion,Wenzhou's financial reform to highlight a few features,One is what;2 it is to service the real economy;Open to what is monopoly sector.These three aspects to establish a set of complete systems and mechanisms,Will be the first out of the way.

　　“今年是温州金改的突破之年。”中国中小企业协会副会长周德文表示，外界呼声一直很高的个人资本境外直接投资、设立真正以民间资本为主导的金融机构等事项在今年会有更多突破，预计会有1至2家纯粹的民营金融机构诞生。而在利率市场化方面，他建议先在民间借贷层面实现利率市场化，不要用银行同期贷款利率的4倍“紧箍咒”去限制它，然后是在村镇银行、小额贷款公司、农村信用社改制的商业银行等地方性金融机构进行试点，最后推行至所有金融机构。“就目前整体情况而言，温州金改没有太多突破，还需更为大胆的改革与创新。”他认为。

"This is wenzhou gold to breakthrough of the year.", vice President of China association of small and medium enterprises, Mr Zhou said,The outside has been very high personal capital of foreign direct investment/Set up really dominated by private capital of financial institutions, and other items in this year there will be more breakthrough,An estimated 1 to 2 home born purely private financial institutions.In respect of interest rate marketization,He suggested to realize the marketization of interest rate in the folk lending levels,Don't use the same period bank loans interest rates four times"hoops"To limit it,Then is in the village Banks/Small loan companies/Rural credit cooperatives reform of commercial Banks and other local financial institutions to pilot,The last push to all financial institutions."In terms of overall situation,Wenzhou gold without too much breakthrough,Still need to more bold reform and innovation."He thinks that.