这些乡村学校最好的学生，往往只能考上省会的大学。校长们感慨“好像怎么做都赶不上外边”。 These the best student in the village school，Often can only take an examination of provincial capital university。The principals regrets“Like do not all outside”。

　　人民大会堂里，一位老师紧张得手脚不知道放哪里，另一位校长发言的声音都在发抖。 In the great hall of the people，A teacher was too nervous and didn't know where to place，Another principal speech voice are trembling。

　　他们羡慕北京的孩子又白又胖，也羡慕这里的学生不是留守儿童，能开家长会。 They envy Beijing children, white and fat，Also admire students here not left-behind children，Can open parents。

　　得知自己有机会到北京参加活动的时候，广西大化县江南乡尝梅小学的乡村教师卢有英激动得“话都讲不出来”。他做的第一件事，是跑到县城买了两套新衣服、一双凉鞋和一个斜挎包，换下身上“二三十块的破衣服”。

Know that you have chance to come to Beijing to participate in activity，Guangxi DaHuaXian JiangNaXiang taste MeiXiaoXue rural teacher lu have the excitement“Words don't come out”。The first thing he did，Is ran to the county town bought two sets of new clothes、A pair of sandals and a oblique satchel，Change body“ErSanShiKuai ragged clothes”。

　　“村里人都说，穿我以前的衣服到北京肯定丢脸，北京人不像我们那样随便。”他腼腆地笑着说。

“And said，In my old clothes to Beijing must lose face，Peking man don't like us so casually。”He said with a shy smile。

　　卢有英参加的是首届中国贫困地区小学校长论坛。在北京的一周时间里，他和54位来自贵州、云南、四川等地国家级贫困县的乡村小学校长一起，接受了有关学校管理的培训，游玩了故宫，还参观了北大、清华。

Lou have English in China's poor areas is the first primary school BBS。In Beijing a week time，He and 54 from guizhou、yunnan、Sichuan province, state-level counties in rural primary school principals together，Accept the training of the school management，Visited the palace，Also visited Peking University、tsinghua。

　　甚至，他们还有机会坐进人民大会堂，在会议室的主席台上讲讲话。

even，They also get a chance to sit in the great hall of the people，In the conference room on the chairman of the talking。

　　“我们希望让这些来自基层的乡村老师到人民大会堂，做一次真正的主角，告诉社会各界，大家该做些什么，去缩短城乡教育的差距。” 来自项目主办方中国扶贫基金会的官员李昊说，这是国内首次举办以乡村校长为主角的论坛。

“We hope to make these from grass-roots rural teacher to the great hall of the people，Do a real leading role，Tell the social from all walks of life，Everyone should do what，To shorten the gap between urban and rural education。” From the project sponsor China foundation for poverty alleviation officials LiHao said，This is the first time in China, the host country to the principal for the main character of the BBS。

　　不过，对于卢有英而言，一个更加直接的收获是：这一趟行程中，44岁的他第一次有机会坐上火车，也第一次有机会来到比省会南宁更加遥远的地方。

but，There was the British to Lou in，A more direct harvest is：The train trip，The 44-year-old his first chance to sit on the train，Also, for the first time, have the chance to come to nanning, capital than more remote places。

我们村离县城至少差20年，县城离北京又差50年 Our village at least 20 years away from the county difference，The county from Beijing and sent 50 years

　　在到达北京的当天，卢有英就发现，这是个和自己家乡截然不同的地方。“北京太牛了，太美了！”在打给自己学生的电话中，他只能不断重复这个简短的句子。

On the day of arrival in Beijing，Lou have English is found，This is a and his hometown very different places。“Beijing niu the，Too beautiful！”In the dozen give their students in the phone，He can only to repeat this short sentences。

　　过去的几十年，他大部分时间都在大山深处的那所学校里度过。校园里最高的建筑物是别人捐赠的两层小楼，楼上的学生一跺脚，楼板就嘎吱嘎吱地响。而现在，宽敞的街道、披着玻璃幕墙的现代化高楼，几乎每个场景都让他感到吃惊。

In the past decades，Most of his time in the deep mountains the school through。The tallest buildings in campus is others donated two f，The upstairs students a stamp，Floor will creak creak to ring。And now，Spacious streets、The modernization of the covered with glass curtain wall buildings，Almost every scene lets him feel surprised。

　　让他尤其印象深刻的是活动主办方安排的一顿自助火锅午餐。整顿饭的过程中，环形运输带上不断回转的肉片、蔬菜让他目不暇接，他费了好大劲儿，也没能记住各种复杂的、从没吃过的菜品名称。

Let him particularly impressive is the organizer arranged a meal self-service hot pot lunch。In the process of reorganization food，Circular conveyor belt continuous rotary meat、Vegetables let him too many things to see，He took great difficulty，Also can't remember all kinds of complicated、Never eaten the food name。

“好像我们怎么做，都赶不上外边这么好了。”吃过自助火锅后，他不断感慨。在他的学校里，几乎所有学生都吃不上早餐。事实上，孩子们的正餐也常常只有蒸玉米饭，只有家境好的学生，才舍得花5毛钱，给自己配上一包榨菜。 “As if we do，Are not so good outside。”Eat self-help after hot pot，He constantly feeling。In his school，Almost all students eat breakfast。In fact，The children's dinner is often only steamed corn meal，Only the family circumstances are good students，To be willing to part with or use spend 5 cents，Give yourself with a pack of hot pickled mustard tuber。

　　在偌大的北京城里，几乎每一位乡村校长都遭遇了相似的冲击。在“鸟巢”附近，几位校长走进了一家卖玩具的商铺。他们发现，里头所有的一切，包括坦克车，机器人，桌上智力游戏，都是村里孩子从没碰过的。

In the moonlight in the city of Beijing，Almost every country the principal has suffered a similar impact。in“Bird's nest”nearby，Several principal walked into a shop selling toys。They found that，Is everything，Including tanks，robot，The table intelligence game，Are all the village children never touched the。

　　一位校长看中了一架遥控车，正想拿起来看看。可一问价格，要1000多元，他伸出的手马上缩了回去。

A principal took a fancy to a frame remote control car，Just want to take up to look at。Can ask price，Want 1000 multivariate，His outstretched hand immediately shrink back。

来自贵州赫章的校长郭昌举因此叹着气感慨：“我们村离县城至少差20年，县城离北京又差了50年。” From guizhou guizhou principal GuoChangJu so sigh sigh with emotion：“Our village at least 20 years away from the county difference，The county from Beijing and sent the 50 years。”

这些校长大多数都没来过北京，很多人几乎从没离开过自己居住的县城。即使是他们的学生，也很少有人有机会来到这里。过去几十年，这50多位乡村校长所带过的学生，只有一个人考进了清华大学，很多“最成器”的学生，通常也仅仅能够考上省会里的大学。 The principal most never been to Beijing，A lot of people almost never left their own living county。Even their students，Few have the chance to come here。The past few years，This more than 50 country with the principal of students，Only one pass into the tsinghua university，A lot of“The most useful implement”students，Usually can only take an examination of the provincial capital of the university。

　　至于卢有英，他的学校用红漆在教学楼外墙上刷着“知识改变命运，文化改变人生”，可他最喜欢的一名学生，最后也只考上了桂林的一所大学。

As for Lou have the，His school with a red paint on the wall outside the building in the brush“Knowledge change destiny，Culture change life”，But his most like a student，Finally, only went to guilin university。

　　这大概就是为什么，在参观北大、清华校园的时候，这些校长会显得那么兴致勃勃。一位校长在车上开玩笑说，自己“要帮学生们沾沾仙气”；而卢有英也赶紧掏出了自己的相机，因为大山里的好多孩子都让他“多拍些清华北大的相片带回去”。

This is probably why，During a visit to north、Tsinghua campus，The President can appear so in spirits。A headmaster in the car joked，oneself“To help the students be mystique”；And Lou have English also hurriedly took out his camera，Because the mountains of a lot of children are let him“Take some more photos of tsinghua Beijing university and take back”。

　　但没走几步路，他们就碰了壁。因为无法出示证件，他们统统被保安拦在了学校门外。这些乘兴而来的乡村校长觉得有点失落，也有点不解：“我们都是教育系统的，为什么不让我们进呢？”

But did not walk a few steps road，They touch the wall。Because can't produce their certificates，They all be security block in the outside of school。These come on an impulse rural principal feel a little lost，Also a bit puzzled：“We are all education system，Why not let us into？”

　　最后，在一位志愿者的帮助下，他们才勉强走进了清华大学，至于北大的未名湖、博雅塔，这些从贫困山区来的校长始终没看见。

finally，In a the help of volunteers，They reluctantly went into the tsinghua university，As for the WeiMingHu of Peking University、BoYaDa，These from impoverished mountainous area to headmaster never saw。

城里的学生们都“又白又胖”，农村的孩子却又黑又瘦 The students are in the city“, white and fat”，Rural children, but black and thin

　　除了四处参观，他们最重要的行程，是参加在人民大会堂举行的“首届中国贫困地区小学校长论坛”。不过，8月24日这一天，当卢有英坐在人民大会堂河南厅的会场时，他紧张得头脑空白，几乎“不知道手脚该放在哪里”。

In addition to around，They are the most important stroke，Is participate in the great hall of the people“The first in China's poor areas primary school principals BBS”。but，August 24 this day，When lu have British sitting in the great hall of the people of the henan hall，He was too nervous mind blank，almost“Don't know where to put the hand and foot”。

　　和他坐在一起的包括北京高校的教育专家、媒体负责人，以及大型企业的高管。可在此之前，他从不知道什么叫“论坛”，也没见过这么大的会场。他对于开会唯一的印象，就是“关掉手机，不要讲话”。

And he sat together including Beijing university education experts、Media person in charge，As well as large enterprise executives。But before this，He never know what call“BBS”，Also have never seen such a big hall。He is the only meeting the impression，is“Turn off your cell phone，Don't talk”。

　　事实上，几乎每个参会的校长都露出了点紧张的神色。四川省普格县校长刘日沙站上讲台后，双手一会儿背着，一会儿插袋。

In fact，Almost every participant principal all reveal a tense look。PuGe county in sichuan province, the principal LiuRi sand website after the platform，Hands for a while back，While sidekick。

　　“我第一次来到北京，站到人民大会堂之中，确实……”这位老校长顿了一下，“该怎么说呢？我比较激动，还有些……有些害怕。”

“The first time I came to Beijing，Station to the great hall of the people in，really……”The old President paused for a moment，“How to say？I'm more excited，Still have some……Some fear。”

　　另一位贵州赫章山区小学校长聂章林在台上一股脑背出了许多数据：孩子的每一顿饭要花多少钱，孩子上学时到底走了多少崎岖的山路。

Another guizhou guizhou mountainous primary school principals in the NieZhangLin on the back a lot of data：The child's every meal to spend how many money，When the children were at school go exactly how many rugged mountain road。

　　“我仔细算过，小学三年级毕业时，孩子就走完25000里长征了，累都累得长不大！”聂章林加重了语气，声音却有些颤抖。

“I am careful to calculate，The primary school is grade three when they graduate，The children went out in the long March 25000，Tired are too tired to grow up！”NieZhangLin increased tone，But some voice trembling。

　　这位校长在北京之行里吃惊地发现，这里的学生们都“又白又胖”，而相比之下，自己那些山里的学生，都显得那么瘦、那么矮小。

The headmaster in Beijing was surprised to find that the industry，The students“, white and fat”，By contrast，His students who the mountains，All seem to be so thin、So small。

　　作为活动中唯一一名女校长，来自贵州赫章的姚廷琴发言时有些腼腆。因为时间限制，她只说了两句话：“撤点并校之后，我们小学要搞‘寄宿制’，我不知道我们学前班的孩子怎么办？他们不能寄宿，他们寄宿的哥哥姐姐也管不了他们，怎么办？”

The only activity as a female President，Guizhou guizhou from the YaoTingQin speak a little shy。Because of time constraints，She only saying two sentences：“From point BingJiao later，We need to make elementary school‘residential’，I don't know if we preschool children how to do？They can't boarding，Their boarding brother elder sister also tube them，do？”

　　上台之前，姚廷琴憋了“一肚子的问题”。“我们这次是带着任务来的，是来反映问题的。” 姚廷琴不止一次这样说。不到一个月前，她刚因意外怀孕而做了人流手术，但这次她依然不顾丈夫的反对，坚持赶来北京。

Onstage before，YaoTingQin suppressed“Full of problems”。“This is to take the task to，Is to reflect the problem。” YaoTingQin more than once said so。Less than a month ago，She just because the accidental pregnancy and the stream of people surgery，But this time she still in spite of her husband's opposition，Insist to Beijing。

　　对绝大多数乡村校长而言，这是他们第一次有机会在众人面前，说出自己的经历和困难。

For the vast majority of villages in the principal，This is the first time they have the opportunity in front of everyone，Express your experiences and difficulties。

　　来自四川井溪乡的校长余兴友在开场白中说：“我在山区里做了36年校长。”台下，一片雷鸣般的掌声让他一下子不知道该说什么好，眼泪在眼眶里打转。停顿了几秒钟之后，他才开始介绍学校的情况，讲述他与其他老师怎么去寻找那些在上学路上失踪的孩子。

From sichuan province well creek township principal side friend said in his opening remarks：“I do in the mountains for 36 years the headmaster。”the，A piece of thunderous applause let he suddenly do not know what to say，Tears in her eyes circle。Pause a few seconds later，He began to introduce the school，About his and other teachers how to search for the missing child on the way to school。

　　坐在台下的卢有英一直在点头，事实上，几乎每个乡村小学都面临相似的问题。在北京的几天里，他满脑子都在考虑，新学期即将开始，学校多了一个班级的新同学，却怎么也腾不出一间新教室。

In the audience of Lou there was the British have been nod，In fact，Almost every country elementary school are facing similar problems。In Beijing in a few days，His brain is full in consideration，The new term is about to begin，The school is much a class's and grade's new students，But how also those who can't afford a new classroom。

　　连坐在人民大会堂宽敞的会场的时候，这个乡村教师依旧在默默盘算：“实在不行，只能让两个班级90多个孩子挤在一个教室了。”

Sit in the great hall of the people and when the meeting，The country is still done in teachers silently：“Is not really good，Can only let two class more than 90 children squeeze in a classroom。”

城乡之间的差距已经是现实，永远无法改变。 The gap between urban and rural areas is the reality，Never change。

　　在论坛举办前的两天，一群乡村校长曾经与北京崇文小学校长进行了一次交流。

In the BBS held two days before，A group of country President once and Beijing chongwen primary school principals conducted an exchange。

　　来自北京的校长给大家展示了崇文小学的环境，家长们对学校的赞美，以及该校如何“用心、用情、用爱”做好学校的管理。

From Beijing's principal to show you the chongwen elementary school environment，The parents to the school praise，And how the school“attentively、With love、With love”Make the school management。

　　卢有英很认同这所小学的管理理念，但一些具体的方法他却没法照搬。比方说，这所北京小学常常召开家长会，家长与老师可以沟通许多问题。但在卢有英的学校里，90%的学生都是留守儿童，“家长们连人都找不到”。

Lou have English very much agree with the school management concept，But some specific methods but he can't copy。For example，The Beijing primary school held a parents' meeting often，Parents and teachers can communication many problems。But in Lou have the English school，90% of the students are left-behind children，“Parents even people all can not find”。

　　“如果我们也能请到家长，我们的教育可能就不一样了。”卢有英说。

“If we can please to parents，Our education may be different。”He said there was the British。

　　在卢有英生活的瑶族村子里，年轻人越来越少，当年男女青年对唱山歌的场景早已不复存在。乡村小学找不到的，不仅是家长，还有愿意教书的老师。

In lu have the life in the village yao，The young man less and less，When the young men and women antiphonal singing folk songs scene had ceased to exist。The village school can't find，Is not only parents，There are willing to teach the teacher。

　　早在他读初中的时候，卢有英就意识到了这个问题。在他曾经读书的村小里，老师们总是来来往往，教学质量不稳定，“孩子们读来读去都是一年级”。这个年轻人那时就在心里感叹：“如果是我来教书那该多好啊！”

As early as he read junior high school of time，Lou have British realized this problem。In he had read in the school，Teachers always come and go，Teaching quality is not stable，“The children read to read to is a grade”。The young man then in the heart exclamation：“If I come to teach that this much good！”

　　1989年从县城教师进修学院毕业后，卢有英如愿返回家乡教书。当了16年代课老师，他通过自学考试，成功转正。可在他任教的小学里，老师依旧稀缺。几乎每个学期都有老师离开，新学期到了，学校就一片忙乱，到处寻找代课老师。

1989 from the county teachers college of further education after graduation，Lou have the wish to return home teaching。When 16 s class teacher，He through self-study exam，Successful become a full member。But in his teaching of primary school，The teacher is still scarce。Almost every semester has the teacher leave，A new term has come，School is a piece of ado，Look around substitute teacher。

　　“为什么你们都要往外边跑呢？”他曾经这样问一些年轻人，对方一句话就把他顶回去：“做代课老师那800块钱，我出去打工几天就挣到了。”

“Why did you have to go to run outside？”He used to ask some young people，Each other a word of his head back：“Do substitute teacher that 800 dollars，I work out a few days to earn。”

　　眼下，卢有英所在的小学共有6个年级，330名学生，却仅有9位老师。新学期还没正式到来，一位已经申请调走，另一位也正在打报告。

the，Lou there was the British in the elementary school six grades，330 students，Only nine teacher。The new term has not officially coming，A has applied to adjust to walk，Another is also a dozen report。

　　这次来北京的一群乡村老师，几乎所有人都面临着与卢有英相似的难题。坐在旅游大巴车上，校长们最常谈论起的话题是怎样分配人手。在这些学校里，师生比例普遍达到1∶30以上，老师和校长统统身兼多职。他们教书，做饭，当宿舍保安，也当孩子们的“爸爸妈妈”。

This came to Beijing to a group of rural teachers，Almost all people are faced with and Lou have the similar problem。Sitting on the tour bus，The headmaster most often talk about the topic is how to distribution hands。In these schools，Student-staff ratio generally reach 1: more than 30，All of the teachers and principals of hats。They teach，cooking，When the security，And when the children's“Mom and dad”。

　　北京的论坛上，男主持人曾经走上台，动情地称赞他们：“是你们让我们看到，在贫困山区，是谁在支撑起这些校点，是谁在为孩子们守护未来。”

Beijing on the BBS，Male host once walked on stage，Emotively praised them：“You let us see，In the poor mountainous areas，Who is supporting the JiaoDian，Who is in the future for the children guardian。”

　　但在私底下，许多校长坦承，“自己已经不堪重负”。

But in private，Many principal admits，“His overtaxed”。

　　“城乡之间的差距已经是现实，永远无法改变。”一位校长对记者说。

“The gap between urban and rural areas is the reality，Never change。”A principal told reporters。

　　除了每天繁重的工作，让卢有英心里犯愁的，还有自己的终身大事。作为家里的长子，他至今仍未成家。“我们看上的姑娘，别人可能又看不上我们。”卢有英说。

In addition to every hard work，Let Lou have the heart of worry，Have their own life event。As the eldest son of home，He's still not get married。“We are only after girl，Others may and despises us。”He said there was the British。

　　他始终不愿意离开村子，离开学校。他想象着，如果有一天能娶到一位村里的姑娘，他就在学校旁边盖一间自己的小屋。

He is not willing to leave the village，Leave school。He imagined，If one day to be able to marry a girl in the village，He is in the school side cover a his hut。

　　不过，大多数时候，他没有时间想这些。刚结束北京之行返回大山深处，学校的事务就扑面而来。在即将到来的新学期，他首先要做的是买一根旗杆。

but，Most of the time，He had no time to think these。Just ended the trip to Beijing to return to the depths of the mountains，School affairs will blow on the face and come。In the upcoming new semester，He is the first thing to do is to buy a flag pole。

　　在卢有英任教的学校里，已经很久没举行升旗仪式了。多年以前，他们曾用一根毛竹当旗杆，毛竹成天遭受暴晒和风雨，很快耗损倒下。在那之后，学校一直没有挤出经费，添置一根正儿八经的旗杆。

In lu have English teaching schools，Haven't the flag raising ceremony begins.stand the。Many years ago，They used a piece of bamboo when flag pole，All bamboo from exposure to the sun and rain，Soon fall loss。After that，The school has been no extrusion funds，Acquire a piece of business staff。

　　在北京的时候，因为行程安排太紧，主办方临时决定取消观看升旗仪式的活动，这成了他北京之行最大的遗憾。“我想象，如果能看升旗，那一定是很自豪、很骄傲的事。”卢有英说。

When in Beijing，Because the schedule is too tight，Temporary decided to cancel the watch the flag-raising ceremony activities，It became his trip to Beijing biggest regret。“I imagine，If you can see a flag-raising，It must be very proud、Very proud of。”He said there was the British。

　　而整个行程最让他激动的经历，是他抽时间坐公交车去看了一眼卢沟桥。当时，这位中年男人几乎要流下眼泪：“石狮子、宛平城、永定河，我全看到了！”

And the whole trip most let him exciting experience，Is he take time go by bus took one look at the Marco Polo bridge。At that time，The middle-aged man almost tears：“Stone lions、WanPingCheng、The yongding river，I saw all！”

　　在此之前，和他山里的那些学生一样，这些课本上的内容，只能不断出现在这位乡村老师的想象里。

Before this，And he the mountains of those students，The contents of the textbook，Can only appear constantly in the rural teacher's imagination。

延伸阅读： readings：

　　城乡教育差距催生中国式陪读 梦寄托娃身上(图) Urban and rural education gap between Chinese dream gave or relatives can apply on Eva body(diagram)

　　再过几天，当儿子从高考考场里走出，李晓琳持续一年的陪读生活将宣告结束。她将回到自己熟悉的课堂里，继续中学英语教师和班主任的事业。李晓琳是湖南衡阳人，如今，每天在长沙的出租屋里为儿子精心烹制各种营养丰富、可口的食物。她的儿子是南雅中学的高三学生。

In a few days，When the son from college entrance examination examination way out，LiXiaoLin yearlong or relatives can apply for life will end。She will return to their familiar in the classroom，Continue to middle school English teachers and teacher in charge's career。LiXiaoLin is hunan hengyang people，now，Every day in changsha rent the house as a son carefully cooked all sorts of rich nutrition、Delicious food。Her son is NaYa middle school of high school。

　　几十名陪读者，包括那些年迈的爷爷奶奶或外公外婆，聚集在一栋距离南雅中学只有几百米的白色楼房里。每到中午，楼道里便飘荡着各种菜香。[详细]

Dozens of with readers，Including those old grandfather grandma or grandpa and grandma，Together in one building distance NaYa middle school only a few hundred meters of white buildings。Every noon，In the corridor and waft of vegetables joss-stick。[detailed]

厉以宁：教育资源不均是城乡差距扩大重要原因 Li yining：Education resources is uneven in urban and rural areas is an important reason for the gap

　　教育资源的非均衡反映于：农村教育资源配置不足，以致学校设备差、师资力量差、学生很难继续深造，从而只能从事简单的体力劳动。而社会垂直流动渠道通常是同个人的学历高低、技术水平和个人能力高低联系在一起的，农村的青年人受教育程度差，又缺少专门的职业技术教育培训，因此，社会垂直流动渠道实际上是对他们关闭的，这样就不可避免地出现了如下的不良循环：教育资源配置的不平等→就业的不平等→收入的不平等→生活的不平等→下一代的不平等……[详细]

Education resources unbalanced to reflect on：Rural education allocation of resources shortage，So that the school equipment difference、Teachers strength difference、The student to be very difficult to continue their education，Thus only in the simple physical labor。The social vertical flow channel is usually with individual degree high and low、The technical level and individual ability height relates in together，Young people in rural areas by the education degree difference，And the lack of special vocational and technical education training，therefore，Social vertical flow channel is actually closed to them，This inevitably appeared the following bad circulation：Education resource allocation is not equal to employment and inequality of income inequality, life is not equal to the next generation of inequality……[detailed]