日前，国务院办公厅印发了《关于规范农村义务教育学校布局调整的意见》（以下简称《意见》），对农村义务教育学校布局调整提出了明确要求和规范意见。为此，记者采访了教育部有关负责人。

a,Issued by the general office of the state council the[Rural compulsory education on regulating the school layout adjustment opinion](Hereinafter referred to as[opinion]),For rural compulsory education school layout adjustment puts forward the specific requirements and opinions on regulating.therefore,The reporter interviewed the ministry of education related person in charge.

　　问：为什么要规范农村义务教育学校布局调整？

ask:Why want to regulate rural compulsory education school layout adjustment?

　　答：改革开放以来，随着我国进城务工人员随迁子女逐年增加、农村人口出生率持续降低，农村学龄人口不断下降。各地根据2001年国务院印发的《关于基础教育改革与发展的决定》，按照小学就近入学、初中相对集中、优化教育资源配置的原则，合理规划和调整学校布局，对农村小学和教学点进行适当合并。总的来说，十余年来的农村学校布局调整整合了农村教育资源，改善了办学条件，优化了教师配置，提高了办学效益和办学质量。

a:Since the reform and opening up,With China's migrant workers SuiQian children has increased year by year/The rural population birth rate continues to drop,Rural school-age population has been declining.According to the state council issued the 2001 around the[On the foundation education reform and development decision],According to the primary school came near to the entrance/Relatively concentrated junior high school/Optimizing education resources allocation principle,Reasonable planning and adjusting the school layout,To the countryside elementary school and teaching school properly merger.In general,Ten years of rural school layout adjustment integrated rural education resources,To improve the managerial condition,Optimize the allocation of teachers,Improved the efficiency and the quality.

　　但是，在布局调整工作中，不少地方存在过急过快的情况。有的地方硬性规定撤并学校的时间和数量，有的地方缺乏深入调研和科学论证，有的地方没有充分征求学生家长的意见，导致出现了一些不容忽视、必须切实加以解决的突出问题。一是学生上学路程普遍变远。一些非寄宿学生在村里学校撤并后要起早上学，个别的甚至来回要走两三个小时。二是学生上学交通安全隐患增多。学校撤并后很多学生需要乘坐交通工具上学，由于农村道路条件较差，车况良莠不齐，交通状况复杂，学生上学途中的安全难以切实得到保障。三是寄宿制学校办学条件保障不到位。由于撤并学校过快，农村寄宿生大量增加，一些地方寄宿制学校办学条件保障跟不上，生活管理人员缺乏，不少寄宿制学校床铺紧张、食堂简陋、厕位不足，冬季取暖和夏季防暑条件得不到保障。四是并入学校大班额问题突出。一些地区在并入学校办学条件难以满足的情况下，盲目撤并学校，致使并入学校大班额问题突出，教学资源严重不足，教育教学质量难以保证。五是部分群众经济负担加大。村小或教学点撤并后，学生需要乘坐交通工具上学，增加了交通费用。寄宿生还要承担部分或全部伙食费。有的家长在县镇陪读，另需支付房租等生活费用。

but,In the layout and adjustment work,Many local existed too urgent situation.Some local hard and fast rules merging of school time and quantity,In some places the lack of in-depth research and scientific analysis,In some places not fully solicit the opinions of the parents of students,Leads to the some nots allow to ignore/Must solve practical problems.One is the general students to go to school journey become far.Some non boarding students in the village school after the merger to get up early to go to school,Individual even to go back and forth two to three hours.The second is the traffic safety hidden trouble increase students to go to school.After the merger of school many students need to take the traffic tools to go to school,Due to the rural poor road conditions,Vehicle condition the good and bad are intermingled,Traffic complex,Students go to school on the way to the safety of cogent get security.The third is residential school running conditions security does not reach the designated position.Due to the merger of school too fast,The rural resident student a large increase,Some local residential school running conditions security can't keep up,The lack of personnel life management,Many residential school bed nervous/Dining room crude/Toilet a shortage,Winter heating and summer sunstroke prevention condition is not guaranteed.The fourth is incorporated into the school executive frontal problems.Some areas in the merged into the school educational condition is difficult to meet the situation,Blind merger of school,The school into large amount of problems,A serious shortage of teaching resources,Education is difficult to guarantee the teaching quality.Part five is the economic burden on increasing.School or school after merger,Students need to take the traffic tools to go to school,Increased transportation expenses.Boarder will bear part or all of the board expenses.Some parents or relatives can apply in the county town,The other pay the rent and the cost of living.

　　对此国务院领导同志高度重视，多次提出明确要求。《教育规划纲要》也明确提出“适应城乡发展需要，合理规划学校布局，办好必要的教学点，方便学生就近入学”。为回应人民群众关切，进一步落实《义务教育法》提出的“地方各级人民政府应当保障适龄儿童、少年在户籍所在地学校就近入学”的法律要求，国务院办公厅出台了《关于规范农村义务教育学校布局调整的意见》，就是要保障农村适龄儿童少年就近接受良好义务教育的权利。

The leadership of the state council attach great importance to this comrade,Many times give clear requirements.[Education plan for]Also pointed out"To adapt to the development needs of urban and rural areas,Reasonable planning school layout,Do good necessary teaching school,Convenient student came near to the entrance".In response to the people concerned,Further implement[Compulsory education]Put forward"Local people's governments at various levels shall guarantee school-age children/The young in the census register seat near the school entrance"Legal requirements,The general office of the state council issued a[Rural compulsory education on regulating the school layout adjustment opinion],Is to guarantee rural school-age children or adolescents receive compulsory education near good rights.

　　问：《意见》对农村义务教育学校布局调整提出了哪些总体要求？

ask:[opinion]For rural compulsory education school layout adjustment puts forward what overall requirements?

　　答：《义务教育法》明确规定，“地方各级人民政府应当保障适龄儿童、少年在户籍所在地学校就近入学”。因此，保障适龄儿童少年就近入学是政府的法定责任，是基本公共服务的重要内容。但是考虑当前我国农村人口出生率下降、农村适龄儿童少年数量不断减少、以及一部分农村适龄儿童少年随迁进入城镇等客观现实，《意见》要求各地根据当地的实际情况，花大力气规划好农村义务教育学校布局，统筹考虑城乡人口流动、学龄人口变化，以及当地农村地理环境及交通状况、教育条件保障能力、学生家庭经济负担等因素，充分考虑学生的年龄特点和成长规律，使那些家庭经济相对困难的农村适龄儿童少年也能就近接受良好义务教育。

a:[Compulsory education]Specific provision,"Local people's governments at various levels shall guarantee school-age children/The young in the census register seat near the school entrance".therefore,To guarantee school-age children came near to the entrance is the government's legal liability,Is the important content of basic public services.But in the countryside of current our country consider declining birth rates/Rural school-age children or adolescents dwindling number/And part of the rural school-age children young SuiQian into town and objective reality,[opinion]Requires all according to the local actual situation,Great effort of rural compulsory education school good planning layout,Considering the overall urban and rural population flow/School-age population change,And local rural geographical environment and traffic condition/Education condition support capacity/The student family factors such as the economic burden,Fully consider student's age characteristic and the law of growth,Make the family economy is relatively difficult rural school-age children or adolescents can also came near to accept the good education obligations.

　　为了保障农村适龄儿童少年就近上学的需要，《意见》分几种情况提出了原则要求：一是从年级上，要求农村小学1至3年级学生原则上不寄宿，就近走读上学；小学高年级学生以走读为主，确有需要的可以寄宿；初中学生根据实际可以走读或寄宿。这样的规定既考虑了学生的年龄特点，同时也考虑到一些地方已经存在的小学生住宿现象。二是从学校设置上，要求原则上每个乡镇都应设置初中，人口相对集中的村寨，要设置村小或教学点；人口稀少、地处偏远、交通不便的地方，应保留或设置教学点。近年来一些地方盲目提出“小学进镇，初中进城”，违背了教育规律，甚至导致了学生辍学，《意见》对此进行了纠正。三是从上学时间上，要求各地根据不同年龄段学生的体力特征、道路条件、自然环境等因素，合理确定学校服务半径，尽量缩短学生上下学路途时间。

In order to ensure rural school-age children came near to the needs of the school,[opinion]Several points put forward principle requirements:The first is the grade,Rural primary school for 1 to 3 grade students in principle not boarding,Nearby day school;Primary school the senior and junior students to day give priority to,Does need to boarding;Junior high school students according to the actual can day or boarding.The provisions of this has taken into consideration both the students' age characteristics,At the same time also considering some places have already existing pupils accommodation phenomenon.The second is from the school setting,Requirements in principle, each town shall set up the junior middle school,Population relative concentration of village,To set up the school or school;Sparsely populated/remote/The place where traffic inconvenience,Should retain or set teaching school.In recent years some places proposed blind"Elementary school into town,Junior high school into the city",Violate the law of education,Even cause the student to drop out,[opinion]Carries out a correct.Three is go to school on time,According to different age paragraph requires all students' physical characteristics/Road conditions/Natural environmental factors,To reasonably determine the school service radius,Try to shorten the students ShangXiaXue journey time.

　　问：为什么要制定农村义务教育学校布局专项规划？

ask:Why do you want to make rural compulsory education school special planning layout?

　　答：要求各地制定农村义务教育学校布局专项规划是着眼于农村义务教育长远发展的一项重要决策。只有根据实际做好本地的校布局专项规划，才能使学校的增设和撤并有据可依，有章可循。

a:Requirements for all rural compulsory education school layout special planning is focus on rural compulsory education long-term development an important decision.Only according to the actual well local school layout special planning,To make the school and merging of additional evidence to be in,rule-based.

　　当前，全国大部分地方没有农村义务教育学校布局专项规划，一些地方只是制定农村义务教育学校布局调整规划，也就是说现行的规划着眼于撤并学校，甚至提出了到某一年撤并多少学校的具体目标，影响了农村义务教育的健康、可持续发展此外，一些地方的农村学校规划裹杂在社会事业发展规划中，难以体现教育发展的特点和需要。

The current,The majority of local rural compulsory education school layout without special planning,Some places just make rural compulsory education school layout adjustment planning,That is the present planning focus on merging of school,Even put forward to a merger of many schools in the specific target,The influence of rural compulsory education health/Sustainable development in addition,Some places of rural school planning wrapped mixed in social development planning,Difficult to reflect the development of education characteristics and needs.

　　科学制定农村学校布局专项规划的责任在县级人民政府，要合理确定教学点、村小、中心小学、初中学校布局，以及寄宿制学校和非寄宿制学校的比例，确保小学低年级学生就近走读上学。专项规划要限时完成，国家有关部门也将研究专项规划基本要求和通用格式，方便县填报、省审批、国家备案。专项规划经上一级人民政府审核后报省级人民政府批准，并由省级人民政府汇总后报国家教育体制改革领导小组，在完成农村义务教育学校布局专项规划备案之前，暂停农村义务教育学校撤并。是否科学制定农村学校布局专项规划也将成为下一步开展农村义务教育学校布局调整督查工作的重点。

Science make rural school special planning layout of the people's government at or above the county level responsible for,To reasonably determine the teaching school/school/Center primary school/Junior middle school layout,And elite boarding schools and the proportion of boarding school,Ensure that the elementary school lower grade students came near to the day to go to school.Special planning time to complete,The relevant departments of the state will also study the special planning basic requirements and general format,Convenient county fill/Provincial examination and approval/State for the record.The special planning of the people's government at the next higher level after the approval of the people's government at the provincial level for approval,And the people's government at the provincial level after summarizing the state education system reform leading group,Upon completion of the rural compulsory education school special planning layout before the record,Suspend rural compulsory education school merging.Whether science make rural school layout special planning will also become the next step to carry out rural compulsory education school layout adjustment of protecting the key work.

　　问：如何保障学生家长在学校撤并中的知情权和参与权？

ask:How to guarantee the parents of the students in the school of the merging of right to know and participate?

　　学生及其家长是农村学校布局调整的直接当事人，学校的撤并应广泛征求学校家长的意见。近年来一些地方在学校撤并过程中未能征得学校的理解和同意，甚至通过行政力量强行撤并学校，导致了一些群体性事件的发生，影响了教育的健康发展。为了保障学生家长在学校撤并中的知情权和参与权，《意见》要求各地对于确需撤并的学校要严格履行撤并程序，包括撤并方案的制定、论证、公示、报批，使学校撤并完全置于公众的监督之下。此外，《意见》还要求要广泛听取学生家长、学校师生、村民自治组织和乡镇政府的意见。在下一步贯彻落实《意见》的过程中，将要求各地制定出更为具体的程序，同时对参加听证会的代表人数、学生家长所占比例等做出要求，确保学生家长的意见在学校撤并中得到充分体现。

The students and their parents is the rural school layout adjustment of the parties directly,The school should be asked for a wide range of school the views of parents.In recent years some places in the school during the process of merger failed to the consent of the school to understand and agree,Even through the administrative power forced merger of the school,Led to some group incidents happened,Affected the healthy development of the education.In order to ensure the parents of the students in the school of the merging of right to know and participate,[opinion]Requires all really necessary for merger of school to strictly fulfill the merging procedures,Including the merger plan formulation/argument/public/approval,Make school merging completely in public under the supervision of.In addition,[opinion]It also requires to widely listen to the parents of the students/School teachers and students/Villagers' autonomous organization and the views of the government of the villages and towns.In the next step implementation[opinion]process,All will be required to work out the more specific program,At the same time to participate in the hearing of the number of delegates/The parents of the students, such as the proportion of a requirement,Make sure that the students the views of parents in the school in the merging of fully reflected.

　　问：如何保证《意见》的各项措施落实到位？

ask:How to guarantee[opinion]Measures put in place?

　　答：一是加大宣传力度。教育部将通过政策解读、干部培训、媒体报道等多种途径对《意见》进行宣传，使全国教育系统和人民群众了解国家关于农村学校布局调整的政策措施。二是进行专门部署。在9月7日召开的全国教师工作暨“两基”工作总结表彰大会上，温家宝总理、刘延东国务委员对规范农村义务教育学校布局调整都提出明确要求。教育部希望各地对这项工作进行专题部署，确保《意见》提出的各项措施落到实处。三是加强督导和检查。《意见》明确要求省级人民政府教育督导机构要对农村义务教育学校布局是否制订专项规划、调整是否合理、保障措施是否到位、工作程序是否完善、村小和教学点建设是否合格等进行专项督查，督查结果要向社会公布。国家有关部门也将根据《意见》的要求，加强督促指导，及时发现和解决问题。

a:One is to enhance propaganda.Education department through the policy interpretation/Cadres training/Media reports and so on the many kinds of means of[opinion]propagandize,Make the national education system and people's understanding of the state concerning the countryside school layout adjustment policy measures.The second is special deployment.On September 7, at the national teachers' work and"Two base"Job summary commendation congress on,Prime minister wen jiabao/LiuYanDong state councilor to regulate rural compulsory education school layout adjustment are put forward clear requirements.The ministry of education all hope of the special deployment,Ensure that[opinion]Puts forward measures into effect.Three is to strengthen supervision and inspection.[opinion]Clear requirements on the people's government at the provincial level education supervision mechanism to rural compulsory education school layout whether make special planning/Adjustment whether reasonable/Safeguard measures are put in position/Job whether or not the program is perfect/The construction of school and teaching school if they are qualified and so on special supervision,The results of supervision to publish to the society.According to the relevant departments of the state will also[opinion]requirements,Strengthen urged guidance,In order to quickly discover and solve the problem.