高校青年教师实际成为一线工作的主力，但所得无法与资历、职称、行政职务高者相比。科研、教学和经济压力被他们视为“三座大山”。

The young college teachers actual become a line of main,But income can't and qualifications/title/Administrative position than most.Scientific research/Teaching and economic pressures they regard as"Three big mountains".

　　CFP供图

CFP for map

　　彭锋（化名）今年33岁，国内名牌大学文科博士毕业，目前在北京某重点高校任讲师。他每周教8个课时，与名教授一起承担了两项科研课题，没有行政职务。

PengFeng(alias)33 years old this year,Domestic famous university dr. Arts graduate,At present in Beijing as a key university lecturer.His weekly teaching 8 hours,Together with the professor for two research topics,No administrative duties.

　　彭锋很忙，他计划3年内发表6篇CSSCI（中文社会科学引文索引）论文，拿到副教授职称。为此，他把大半的时间分给了科研，其中不少又“耗在写标书、跑关系、找发票报销上”。

PengFeng very busy,He plans to three years six article published CSSCI(Chinese social science citation index)The paper,To associate professor title.therefore,He put the most time to research,Many of which and"Loss in the written tender/Run relationship/Looking for the invoice to submit an expense account".

　　彭锋已婚，他每年贡献给家庭的工资大约4万元，另有两万元的工资外收入是课题经费“贴补”的。尽管高校教师这份工作稳定且“听起来很好”，但彭锋在从政或经商的朋友面前没多少自信。彭锋被大家称作知识分子，但他和同事们有时自嘲为“知识工人”，或“工蜂”族——光鲜外表下“鸭梨山大”（即压力很大——记者注），是单位的业务主力但收获有限，多数忙碌于金字塔底端，仅少数人能拼到上层，才“有资本做真正感兴趣的事”。

PengFeng married,Each year his contribution to the family wage about 40000 yuan,Another twenty thousand yuan of wage income is outside the project funds"subsidize"of.Although university teachers' job stable and"Sounds good",But PengFeng in politics or business in front of friends didn't have much confidence.PengFeng be everybody called intellectuals,But he and his colleagues sometimes laugh at themselves for"Knowledge workers",or"Worker bee"Family - under the attractive appearance"Pears shandong"(That is under a lot of pressure - reporter note),Is the unit of the main business but harvest limited,Most busy on to the bottom of the pyramid,Only a few people can spell to upper,to"Have the capital to do really interested in things".

　　这是廉思研究团队为“70后”、“80后”高校教师画的一张像。

This is best for cheap research team"After 70"/"After 80"University teachers' painting of a like.

　　统计显示，我国高校40岁以下青年教师人数目前已超过86万，占全国高校专职教师总数的63.3%。由廉思领衔的30人研究团队历时一年有余，在北京、上海、武汉、西安、广州5个城市，对供职于包括985、211、普通高校、大专院校和成人/民办高校在内高校的5138名青年教师，进行了第一次全国范围内的抽样问卷调查，结合深度访谈、焦点小组讨论和参与式观察等调查方法，完成了《工蜂——中国高校青年教师调查报告》。

Statistics show that,Our country university 40 years old of the following the number of young teachers at present already more than 860000,Accounted for 63.3% of the total number of full-time teachers college.The water think 30 people led research team for more than one year,In Beijing/Shanghai/wuhan/xian/Guangzhou five city,To worked for including 985/211/Ordinary universities/Colleges and universities adult/private universities, 5138 young teachers,The first nationwide sampling questionnaire survey,Combined with depth interviews/Focus group discussion and participatory observation and investigation method,completed[Worker bee - China young university teachers survey report].

　　72.3%感到“压力大” 72.3% feel"Pressure big"

　　科研任务重是最大压力源 The scientific research task is the biggest source of pressure

　　彭锋每天都觉得自己“在跟时间赛跑”。 PengFeng feel every day"In a race against time".

　　他工作日的时间表通常是：上午读书、查资料，带几个学生做调研，撰写由老教授或系主任“挂帅”的课题报告；下午到学校教两个半小时的课，再找财务“弄1个小时的报销”。双休日里，除了外出参加学术会议外，他给自己定了个“文献翻译计划”，为争取在国际期刊上发表论文搜集素材。

His working day schedule is usually:Morning reading/Check material,Take a few students to do research,Write the old professor or department head"reappearance"Topic report;In the afternoon to school two and a half hours of classes,Get financial"Make an hour to submit an expense account".Double cease day in,In addition to out at the conference,He made a"Literature translation plan",As for the international journals published collecting material.

　　调查报告显示，作为近九成拥有博士学位的高知群体，高校“工蜂”族也是高压人群。72.3%的受访者直言“压力大”，其中更有36.3%的人认为“压力非常大”。

The survey report shows,As nearly ninety percent of the population has a doctorate degree retired,the"Worker bee"Family is also high pressure the crowd.72.3% of those surveyed the truth"Pressure big",The more 36.3% of the people think"Pressure is very big".

　　压力主要来自3个方面——科研任务重、教学任务多和经济收入少。“科研任务是最大压力源。”廉思告诉中国青年报记者，“调查发现，由于绝大多数高校把职称和职务晋升与发表论文数、出版专著数、申请课题数等‘量化指标’直接挂钩，78.1%的‘工蜂’认为，自己从事科研的时间‘不够用’，甚至‘很不够用’。”

Pressure mainly from three aspects - the scientific research task/The teaching task and less economic income."The scientific research task is the biggest source of pressure."Water think told China youth daily reporter,"Survey found,Because most universities put titles and promotion and published papers/Published books number/Application project number, etc‘Quantitative index’Directly link,78.1% of the‘Worker bee’think,His work in scientific research of time‘Not enough use’,even‘Very not enough use’."

　　“非升即走”的潜规则更加剧了彭锋的紧迫感。“很多人把大学老师工作视作‘铁饭碗’，但对很多年轻老师来说，一个潜规则是：5年内不能从讲师升到副教授，你在这个学校的教书生涯就基本结束了。”

"up-or-out"The latent rules has intensified PengFeng sense of urgency."Many people take the college teacher work as‘Iron rice bowl’,But for many young teachers is,A latent rules are:Five years from the lecturer cannot ascend to associate professor,You're in the school teaching career is almost stopped."

　　升副教授的依据当然是指标完成情况。但报告显示，高校“工蜂”族完成指标的状况并不乐观。

Associate professor, of course, is the basis of/completion of index.But the report,the"Worker bee"Family complete index of the situation is not optimistic.

　　近3年来，20.5%的文科“工蜂”没有在CSSCI上发表过论文，92.5%的理科“工蜂”没有在SCI（科学引文索引）上发表过论文，85.5%的工科“工蜂”没有在EI（工程引文索引）上发表过论文。没有独立著作的“工蜂”占83.2%。

Nearly 3 years,20.5% of the liberal arts"Worker bee"Not in CSSCI has been published on paper,92.5% of science"Worker bee"Not in SCI(Science citation index)Has been published on paper,85.5% of the engineering"Worker bee"Not in EI(Engineering citation index)Has been published on paper.No independent works"Worker bee"Accounted for 83.2%.

　　彭锋工作快5年了，身边近2/3的同龄教师是讲师职称，只有约1/4是副教授职称，“40岁以下的教授几乎看不到”。

PengFeng work is 5 years,Nearly two-thirds of their peers around the teacher is lecturer title,Only about a quarter is associate professor title,"40 years old of the following professor almost invisible".

　　“时代习惯了‘赢者通吃’，锦上添花多，雪中送炭少。”彭锋坦言，职称低让“工蜂”们感到掣肘颇多，“副教授不能担纲重大课题，即使他是实际研究的主力。科研经费和学术资源也都向学界‘精英’和‘大腕’靠拢。”报告也显示，80.6%的“工蜂”没有主持过国家级课题项目，六成“工蜂”一年的科研项目经费不足5万元，61.6%的人没有拿到过学校的研究资助。

"Time used to the‘Softening the winner’,More icing on the cake,Urgently needed less."PengFeng said,Title low let"Worker bee"Feel the made quite a lot,"Associate professor can't play important topic,Even if he is the main actual research.Scientific research funds and academic resources are to academic circles‘elite’and‘Top notch’close."The report also shows that,80.6% of the"Worker bee"No hosting national projects,Sixty percent"Worker bee"A year of scientific research project funds of less than 50000 yuan,61.6% of all people, have no to school research grants.

　　彭锋有自己的研究兴趣，但他目前的研究和生活都围绕着“马上升副教授，40岁以前升教授”进行。为了成为“蜂巢”上层的“赢者”，他必须早出活、快出活、多出活，有时也不得不搞关系，甚至花钱买版面。

PengFeng have their own research interests,But his present study and life are around"The horse up, an associate professor at,40 years ago professor rise"for.In order to be"hives"upper"The winner",He must be efficient early/Fast be efficient/Much be efficient,Sometimes have to make relationship,Even buy page.

　　“调查显示，没有‘工蜂’认为影响论文发表的因素仅仅是质量，有超过2/3的人认为，人际关系与职称会对论文发表产生重要影响。”廉思告诉中国青年报记者，“当这些与你的身份、收入、尊严全部连在一起时，不少年轻的‘工蜂’只能低下高贵的头颅，在学科专业标准的规训下，生产高度专业化的知识产品，以步步追逐那个唯一的成功标准——拥有更高的文化资本和成为专业权威。”

"Investigation shows that,no‘Worker bee’Believe that the impact paper presented factor is only quality,More than two-thirds of the people think,The interpersonal relationship and the title will have an important impact on paper presented."Water think told China youth daily reporter,"When these with your identity/income/All dignity even in together,Many young‘Worker bee’Only low noble head,In the subject the professional standard of the discipline,Production of highly specialized knowledge products,Step by step to chase the only success criteria - have higher cultural capital and become a professional authority."

　　近七成每月难有结余 Nearly seventy percent per month to have a balance

　　14.2%主要靠兼职养家 14.2% depend mainly on a part-time job to support a family

　　“‘大学老师’的名头提起来能赢得同辈尊敬，但说起经济收入，囊中羞涩的时候多。”彭锋说。调查报告佐证了这一点。

"‘University teachers’To mention the attitude to win the equal respect,But speaking of income,When many poorer."PengFeng said.Investigation report of this point.

　　“调查显示，仅有13.4%的受访者是由于‘收入高’而选择当老师的，64.6%的‘工蜂’认为‘稳定性高’是当前工作最有吸引力的地方，62.1%则是由于‘名声好’。”廉思分析，虽然拥有较多的无形资本，但“工蜂”族的整体收入偏低，平均一年不足5万元，只有10%的“工蜂”能突破7万元。

"Investigation shows that,Only 13.4% of respondents is due‘High income’And when the teacher's choice,64.6% of the‘Worker bee’think‘High stability’Is the most attractive place to work,62.1% is due‘reputation’."Water think analysis,Although has the more intangible capital,but"Worker bee"The whole family income is low,Average a year of less than 50000 yuan,Only 10% of the"Worker bee"Can break through 70000 yuan.

　　2006年，北大教授阿忆曾在博客上“晒收入”，提到工资收入不足以支撑日常开支。工作的第3年，彭锋也曾对比过“智力密集型行业”的工资单。他发现，金融业2010年的年人均工资是8万多元，计算机和软件业近7万元。“我们排在第三位，5.7万元。但除去名教授、学科带头人的收入，很多青年老师达不到这个水平。”

In 2006,,Peking University professor yi was in blog"Sun income",Mention wage income is not enough to support the daily expenses.Work for the third year in a,PengFeng also had a contrast"Intelligence intensive industry"paycheck.He found,The financial industry in 2010 per capita salary is 80000 yuan,Computer and software nearly 70000 yuan."We is ranked third in the world,57000 yuan.But remove professor/The leader in the field of income,A lot of young teacher can not reach this level."

　　彭锋不是没有“外块”。但调查显示，七成“工蜂”的收入来源主要还是工资，五成人的年均“工资外收入”不足两万元。

PengFeng is not without"External block".But the survey,Seventy percent"Worker bee"The main source of income or salary,Five adult with an annual"Wage income outside"Less than twenty thousand yuan.

　　报告指出：“相比一些行业收入水平近年来的迅速提高，高校教师的相对经济地位近年来不升反降。因此，适当提高高校青年教师待遇，为其建立基本生活保障体系是一项紧迫工作。”

The report says:"Some industry compared income level of the rapid increase in recent years,College teachers' relative economic status in recent years does not rise but lower.therefore,An appropriate increase in treatment of young university teachers,For the establishment of basic life safeguard system is an urgent job."

　　“高校‘工蜂’族刚入职不久，工资和职称相对较低，申请课题经费难度较大，而结婚、买房、买车、子女升学、赡养老人等经济压力又集中涌现，以致不少人不得不从事各种兼职，以代课、培训、承揽项目等‘贴补家用’，甚至有14.2%受访者以兼职收入为主要经济来源。”廉思进一步向记者分析。

"the‘Worker bee’Family just appointment soon,Wages and job title is relatively low,Apply for funds difficult subject,And get married/To buy a house/car/Children bound/Supporting the old economic pressure and concentration emerging,So many people have to do all kinds of part-time,To substitute/training/Contracting projects‘To contribute to the family’,Even 14.2% respondents to part-time income as the main economic source."Water think further analysis to the reporter.

　　由于有房贷压力，彭锋和妻子的收入每月加起来刚好“收支平衡”，有时略亮“红灯”。

With mortgage pressure,PengFeng and his wife's income per month just add up"balance",Sometimes slightly bright"Red light".

　　而调查报告显示，彭锋的情况不在少数，每月能有经济结余的“工蜂”只占31.3%，23.7%的人收不抵支，11.8%的“工蜂”在工作的前几年内，经济上主要靠父母和配偶支持。

And the survey report shows,PengFeng situation is not a few,Monthly can have economic balance"Worker bee"Only 31.3%,23.7% of the people do not receive to branch,11.8% of the"Worker bee"In the first few years,Economic depend mainly on parents and spouse support.

　　“缺乏一份体面的收入，知识分子只能‘为稻粱谋’。”彭锋坦言，由于其兼职承接的课题研究耗时不少，尽管家里有600本藏书，他近一年除专业书外，已很少有时间“精致地阅读”。部分“工蜂”族在调查中坦言“兼职影响了备课”，为贴补收入，对各种课题经费也“节衣缩食”，“该用的不舍得用，应该开的会不舍得开”。

"The lack of a decent income,Intellectuals can only‘For DaoLiangMou’."PengFeng said,Because of its part-time undertake the research time consuming a lot of,Although your home is 600 books,He almost a year in addition to professional books,Already there is little time"Delicately reading".part"Worker bee"Family in the survey said"Part-time affects the lessons",To contribute to the income for,To all sorts of project funds also"Pinch and scrape","This use do not want to use,Should open will not be willing to part with or use open".

　　“在一次与北京大学中文系教授陈平原的对话中，他针对‘工蜂’族表示，大学里做学问非要有‘闲暇’不可，古人说‘仰观宇宙之大，俯察品物之盛，而自审其一人之生应有之地位，非有闲暇不为也’。”廉思告诉记者，“但当不少教书育人者必须为世俗劳碌时，我们担心青年知识分子正由‘精神贵族’沦为‘知识工人’，并把这种焦虑传给下一代。”

"In a meeting with Beijing university Chinese department professor of yixin dialogue,He pointed to the‘Worker bee’Family said,The university must have a scholar‘leisure’not,The ancients said‘Then the universe,Look to the product of content cheng,And to tell the one born to have the position,Not have leisure not also’."Water think told reporters,"But when a lot of teaching YuRenZhe must for secular when labor,We worry about young intellectuals are the‘Noble spirit’into‘Knowledge workers’,And put the anxiety to the next generation."

　

　84.5%认为自己处于社会中下层 84.5% thought themselves in the resourse of society

　　无论从哪方面硬件条件来看，“工蜂”族都不算“屌丝”：高学历，工作稳定，83.7%受访者拥有本地城镇户口，八成有住房公积金，五成以上有医疗和养老保险。加上社会名望，高校“工蜂”族应属“凭借学历资本而上升”的中产阶级。但调查报告显示，这个人群的自我认知却在“下行”。

No matter from what hardware condition to see,"Worker bee"Family is not"Prick silk":Highly educated,stable,83.7% of respondents have local urban registered permanent residence,Eighty percent of housing accumulation fund,More than fifty percent have medical and endowment insurance.And social fame,the"Worker bee"Should belong to the family"With degree capital and rise"Middle class.But the survey report shows,The crowd self-perception was"descending".

　　对于“如何认知自身社会地位”，5138位受访高校青年教师中，84.5%认为自己处于社会中层及中层以下，其中，36%认为自己属于“中下层”，13.7%认为自己处于“底层”，仅有14.1%认为自己处于“中上层”，0.8%认为自己处于“上层”，另有0.6%的受访者未回答此问题。

for"How to cognitive their social status",5138 of the young university teachers,84.5% thought themselves in social middle and middle the following,the,36% thought that oneself belong"increases",13.7% thought themselves in"bottom",Only 14.1% think themselves in"upper",0.8% thought themselves in"upper",Another 0.6% of respondents did not answer the question.

　　报告分析指出：“整个社会的价值系统变了，权力和金钱取代知识与道德成为评价核心指标，这是令高校‘工蜂’族感到压抑的重要背景。知识分子的整体地位下降，‘工蜂’族地位更加被边缘化。”

The report, the paper points out that:"The whole social value system changed,Power and money instead of knowledge and morality into core index evaluation,This is what the‘Worker bee’Family feel depressive important background.The whole intellectual position down,‘Worker bee’More marginalized family status."

　　北京师范大学某房地产领域教授日前宣称，若学生在40岁时还没赚到4000万元就别来见他。在廉思看来，此番言论中知识与金钱孰轻孰重的纠葛，正是上述变化的一个典型概括。

Beijing normal university professor has claimed a real estate field,If a student in 40 years old haven't earn 40 million yuan, you don't come and see him.In the water think it seems,The remarks of knowledge and of the degrees earned money the imbroglio,It is the change in a typical.

　　高校内部的资源配置不均，论资排辈现象严重，“官本位色彩浓”，有时也令彭锋产生“失落感”。

University internal resource allocation inequality,Arrange in order of seniority is serious,"Color thick ranking of",Sometimes make PengFeng produce"loss".

　　报告显示，过半数（54.0%）受访“工蜂”有类似感受。“不同时代的青年知识分子，‘脱颖而出’的概率不一样。目前，整个社会的学术、思想、文化等处于‘平台期’——大致路径及规模已经形成——年轻人的出头比‘变革期’要困难很多。”陈平原教授对廉思研究团队这样分析“工蜂”族的上升不易。

The report shows that,majority(54.0%)of"Worker bee"Have a similar feeling."Different age of young intellectuals,‘Stand out’The probability of different.At present,The society as a whole academic/thought/Culture in‘Platform period’- roughly path and scale has been formed, young people than in‘Change period’Many difficulties to."Professor yixin to water think research team such analysis"Worker bee"The family is not easy to rise.

　　报告还显示，“下行感”已在一定程度上影响了高校青年教师群体的角色定位和社会责任感。

The report also shows that,"Descending feeling"Already in a certain extent, affected the group of young university teachers role positioning and the sense of social responsibility.

　　调查发现，在部分考虑过转行的“工蜂”中，22.8%的理想是公务员，想从事企业管理或金融行从的也分别有两成左右。

Survey found,In the part of the considered line breaks"Worker bee"in,22.8% of the ideal is a civil servant,Want to be engaged in enterprise management or financial bank from the also twenty percent or so.

　　此外，在判断自己是否优秀的标准上，有45.6%的受访“工蜂”认为同行认可是首要标准，其次是获得政府认可，仅有23.4%的人把“获得社会认可”作为评判标准，这也令研究者感到担忧。“由于关乎基本利益的评审与晋升均由‘同行’或‘政府有关部门’决定，因此‘工蜂’族在思考问题时，会更多选择站在学术立场和政府立场，很难做到‘为大众思考’了。”廉思在报告中写道。

In addition,In judging whether they are excellent standards,45.6% of the respondents"Worker bee"Think peer recognition is the primary standard,The second is to receive government approval,Only 23.4% of the people"Get social acceptance"As the evaluation standard,This also makes the researchers feel worried."Because for the interests of the basic evaluation and promotion all by‘counterparts’or‘Relevant government departments’Decided to,therefore‘Worker bee’Family are thinking,Will more choice station in academic position and the government's position,Hard to‘For the public think’the."Water think wrote in a report.

　　彭锋至今记得，在自己读书时，他的老师曾告诉他：“一个合格的知识分子，要能为国家担纲，也为后辈的成长赢得时间、空间和方向感。”但他告诉中国青年报记者，现在在校园里，无论教师还是学生，都行色匆匆，像“工蜂”一样，为找一份好工作，有一个好家庭，过自己的好日子而奔忙。

PengFeng now remember,In their reading,His teacher told him:"A qualified intellectuals,To play for the nation,The growth of the younger generation to gain time/Space and sense of direction."But he told the China youth daily reporter,Now in the campus,No matter the teacher or a student,Are in a hurry to depart,like"Worker bee"as,To find a good job,Have a good family,The day and hustle.

　　“当知识分子的眼界、旨趣和情怀，都缩到与时代精神没有关系时，时代精神在哪里安放？”这是彭锋忙碌之余，经常涌上心头的问题。

"When the intellectual horizons/Purport and feelings,All shrink to the spirit of the age no relations,The spirit of the age was laid in where?"This is more than the PengFeng busy,Often came to my question.

　　那些提高教师待遇的声音： Those who improve teachers' treatment voice:

　　教育部提升民办教师待遇 评职称将等同公办教师

The ministry of education ascension teacher of run by the local people treatment professional evaluation will equate is business teachers

　　上海：民办高校"强师工程"提升教师待遇

Shanghai:Private universities"Strong teacher engineering"Ascension teacher treatment

　　官员声音：让优秀教师待遇高过公务员

Officials voice:Let the good teacher treatment above civil servants

　　熊丙奇：乡村教师待遇应当优于城市教师

XiongBingJi:Village teacher treatment is better than that of teachers shall be city