昨天，教育部网站公布了《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》。给学前孩子的健康、语言、社会、科学、艺术五个领域的成长设定了一个“阶梯”状的标准。政府希望通过这部《指南》有效转变公众的教育观念，防止和克服“小学化”倾向。

yesterday,The ministry of education website[3 to 6 years old children's learning and development guidelines].For pre-school children's health/language/social/science/Art five areas of growth set a"step"Shaped standard.The government hopes that through this[guide]Effective changes the public education concept,Prevented and overcome"Elementary school change"tendency.（相关阅读：教育部：幼儿园严禁学小学内容） (readings:The ministry of education:It is strictly prohibited to kindergarten learn primary content)

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3岁学会不跟陌生人走 3 years old learn not heel stranger away

　　在拐带等公共事件广为关注的背景下，幼儿安全问题仍是关注重点，希望他们能具备基本的安全知识和自我保护能力。比如3-4岁的孩子要不吃陌生人给的东西，不跟陌生人走。

In the kidnapper and other public events under the background of widely concern,Infant safety problem is still attention,Hope they can have the basic safety knowledge and self-protection capability.Such as 3-4 years old children or eat something to strangers,Don't go with strangers.

4岁学会体谅父母辛劳 4 years old learn to be considerate of parents toil

　　在关心尊重他人章节，要求4-5岁知道父母的职业，能体会到父母为养育自己所付出的辛劳。

In the chapter care about respect for others,Request 4-5 years old know parents' career,Can realize the parents to raise their pay hard work.

5岁学会说出家庭住址 5 years old learn to say home address

　　《指南》认为孩子需要有初步的归属感。5岁要能说出自己家所在地的省、市、县（区）名称，知道当地有代表性的物产或景观。

[guide]Think that children need to have a preliminary sense of belonging.5 years old can tell the oneself the home of the province/city/county(area)name,Know the local representative products or landscape.

6岁学会接受不同意见 6 years old learn to accept different opinion

　　在社会篇的章节中，对孩子与社会交流的能力提出要求。6岁要学会倾听和接受别人不同的意见；不欺负别人，也不允许别人欺负自己。

In social article chapters,To children and the ability of social communication request.6 years old must learn to listen to and accept other people different opinions;Don't bully others,Don't allow others to humiliate yourself.

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12 每天睡眠要达11到12小时 12 daily sleep to reach 11 to 12 hours

　　在身心状况的标准中，《指南》对三个年龄阶段设定了不同的身高体重标准，比如3到4岁的男孩身高要达到94.9-111.7厘米，体重达到12.7-21.2公斤，女孩身高要达到94.1-111.3厘米，体重达到12.3-21.5公斤。

In the body and mind condition's standard,[guide]The three age stage set a different standard height and weight,Such as 3 to 4 year old boy height to achieve 94.9 111.7 cm,Weight of 12.7-21.2 kg,The girl height to achieve 94.1 111.3 cm,Weight of 12.3-21.5 kg.

　　如何让孩子能达到这样的标准，在教育建议中指出，首先要为幼儿提供多样化、均衡搭配的食物，保证幼儿每天睡11～12小时，其中午睡一般应达到2小时左右。还要注意提醒幼儿养成正确的体态，每年为幼儿进行体检。

How to let the child to achieve this standard,In the education that advice,First of all to provide diversified children/Balanced collocation of food,Ensure that children sleep 11 ~ 12 hours every day,The nap general should achieve 2 hours.We should pay attention to remind children to establish the correct posture,Children each year for a medical examination.

　　除了身体健康，情绪安定也非常重要，《指南》建议在幼儿做错事时要冷静处理，不要斥责打骂，允许幼儿表达自己的情绪等。

In addition to health,Emotional stability is also very important,[guide]Suggestions in children do something wrong to calm processing,Do not rebuke beat and scold,Allow children to express their emotions, etc.

2 每天户外活动不少于2小时 2 every outdoor activities not less than 2 hours

　　幼儿对外界的适应能力也是健康篇里的重要内容，3-4岁的孩子要能在较热或较冷的户外环境中活动；换新环境时情绪能较快稳定，睡眠、饮食基本正常；在帮助下能较快适应集体生活。而到了5-6岁，即使换了新的幼儿园，也要能够较快适应。

Children on the outside of adaptation ability is also the important content of health in the article,3-4 years old children to be able to in the hot or cold outdoor environment activities;In the new environment emotions can quickly stable,sleep/Basic normal diet;In the help can quickly adapt to the collective life.By 5-6 years old,Even in the new kindergarten,Also to be able to cope with.

　　为了提高孩子的适应能力，《指南》建议要保证幼儿的户外活动时间，提高幼儿适应季节变化的能力。幼儿每天的户外活动时间一般不少于两小时，其中体育活动时间不少于1小时，季节交替时要坚持。

In order to improve the adaptability of the children,[guide]It is suggested to ensure children's outdoor activities time,Enhance children adapt to the seasonal change of the ability.Children daily outdoor activities time generally not less than two hours,The sports activity time is not less than 1 hour,At the turn of seasons to adhere to.

30 连续看电视不能超过30分钟 30 continuous watch TV should not exceed 30 minutes

　　《指南》为幼儿设定了良好的生活与卫生习惯。比如要每天按时睡觉起床，要多喝白开水，不贪喝饮料，不挑食。对孩子们最喜欢看的电视，提出3-4岁连续看电视不超过15分钟，4-5岁不超过20分钟，5-6岁不超过30分钟。

[guide]As a child set a good life and health habits.For example to get up on time every day to sleep,Want to drink more boiled water,Don't drink with,Don't be fastidious about food.Most of children like to watch television,Put forward three or four years continuous watching TV is not over 15 minutes,4-5 years no more than 20 minutes,5-6 years of no more than 30 minutes.

　　建议孩子看电视要离电视3米远，建议家长和幼儿一起观看体育比赛或有关体育赛事的电视节目，培养他对体育活动的兴趣。

Suggest children watch TV to stay away from TV 3 meters,Suggested that parents and children watch sports matches or relevant sports TV programs,To develop interest in sports activities.

　　教育的目标还有锻炼孩子的生活自理能力。比如5-6岁的孩子会根据冷热增减衣服，自己系鞋带等。

Education goal and exercise the life of the child self-care ability.Such as 5 or 6 years old children will increase or decrease according to heat and cold clothes,His tie my shoelace, etc.

　　本报记者周逸梅

Our reporter ZhouYiMei

官方解读 The official interpretation

不能把《指南》当评价“标尺” Can't[guide]When the evaluation"scale"

　　教育部学前教育专家指导委员会负责人指出，教师和家长在运用《指南》时要特别注意以下几点：1.《指南》提供的幼儿学习与发展目标和典型表现是家长和教师观察了解幼儿的参照，但不是评价和衡量幼儿发展快与慢、好与差的“标尺”。不能将《指南》作为分领域训练的“清单”，为追求“达标”而对幼儿进行强化训练。2.《指南》有助于帮助家长和教师根据每个幼儿的特点，确定适合其身心状况的合理发展目标，但《指南》中的各学习与发展目标不能简单地用作幼儿园的教育活动目标和活动内容，应该根据幼儿的兴趣和需要，制定有针对性的活动目标，选择活动内容，提供丰富、适宜的玩教具和游戏材料。3.要从促进幼儿全面发展的角度，促进幼儿身心健康协调发展，绝不能片面强调和追求幼儿在某一方面和几个方面的发展。

The ministry of education in preschool education expert guidance committee pointed out,Teachers and parents in use[guide]To pay special attention to the following points:1.[guide]Provide children learning and development goals and typical performance is parents and teachers observation to understand young children's reference,But not the evaluation of children's development fast and slow/Good and bad"scale".Will not[guide]As points field training"list",For the pursuit of"standard"And for adults to strengthen training.2.[guide]Help parents and teachers according to the characteristics of each child,Determine suitable for its physical and mental status of reasonable development goals,but[guide]The various learning and development goal cannot be simply used as kindergarten education moving target and content,Should according to the children's interests and needs,Make targeted moving target,Choose content,Provide abundant/Appropriate play AIDS and game material.3. To promote the comprehensive development of children from the point of view of,To promote coordinated development of physical and mental health of children,Can never one-sided emphasis on, and the pursuit of children in a certain on the one hand and the development of several aspects.