我都进来了，你还在门外？胡强俊 画 I came in,You are at the door?HuJiang pretty picture

　　单从就业率来看，研究生初次就业率不敌本科生甚至专科生，这是一种真相还是误解？根据统计显示，今年我省高校毕业生研究生初次就业率为82.5%，低于本科生初次就业率83.1%和专科生初次就业率87.4%。

Single from employment to see,Graduate employment first defeat to undergraduates and even junior college student,This is a truth or misunderstanding?According to the statistics show that,In our province this year college graduates graduate employment rate for 82.5% first,Less than 83.1% of undergraduate employment first and junior college student first employment rate 87.4%.

　　专家分析，尽管研究生就业率看似低于本科生，但实际上研究生的就业质量相对较高，且就业率不应成为评估研究生教育的最重要指标。不过，即使不必站在同一个平台上与本科毕业生较量就业率，但硕士研究生的就业尴尬现象已不容回避。专家建议，研究生教育应了解市场需求，提高培养质量，并不断强化实践教学内容，提高研究生的核心就业竞争力。

Expert analysis,Although the graduate student employment rate seem less than undergraduates,But in fact the graduate student's employment quality is relative taller,And the employment rate should not be evaluation graduate student education is the most important index.but,Even if don't have to stand on the same platform and undergraduate course graduates employment competition,But the master graduate student employment embarrassed phenomenon has not to be avoided.Experts suggest,Postgraduate education should understand the market demand,Improve training quality,And constantly strengthen the practice teaching content,To improve the core competitiveness of graduate employment.

　　

·案 例· · case example ·

　　

硕士求职 Master's job

　　

不再有明显优势？ No longer have obvious advantages?

　　求职过程中遇到的种种尴尬甚至阻碍，使得国内某重点大学硕士毕业生小杨觉得自己像是一块“夹心饼干”，遭遇博士和本科生的两头挤压。小杨的专业是语言学，最初他的目标是能进一所学校当老师，如果是高校最理想不过，实在不行就进中学。但几场招聘会和面试下来，小杨此前的预期已基本被颠覆。

To apply for a job in the course of a variety of embarrassment and even hinder,Make a domestic key university graduate xiao Yang feel like a block"biscuit",Dr encounter the undergraduate and the two ends of the extrusion.Xiao Yang major is linguistics,At first he goal is to be able to enter a school when the teacher,If it is the most ideal but,Be no good really into high school.But a few field recruitment and interview down,Xiao Yang had expected has basically be upset.

　　最后，不要说高校了，甚至连中学也很难进去。“有些中学一听我是硕士，就连忙谢绝，人家宁愿要本科师范生，也不愿意招一个硕士。”小杨说，去了几所中学应聘语文老师，期间还试讲过几次，但每次都没成功。据他侧面打听得知，主要是因为自己的讲课基本功不过关。这样的结果，让一向自信的小杨甚至开始怀疑自己当初读研的选择是否正确。昆明一所重点中学校长表示，的确存在这种现象，面对硕士生和本科生，他们往往选择本科生，主要原因就是他们的讲课技能比较强，而硕士生尽管理论知识丰富，但讲课大多不如师范专业本科生。

finally,Don't say the college,Even high school also is difficult of access."Some high school a listen to me is a master,It hurriedly decline,People would rather have undergraduate students,Don't want to recruit a master's."Xiao Yang said,To apply for a few middle school Chinese teacher,Also try to during a few times,But every time he didn't succeed.According to his side about that,Mainly because of his lecture fundamentals do not pass.The result,Let always confident xiao Yang and even began to suspect that he had to go to graduate school choice is correct.Kunming a key high school principal said,Really do exist this kind of phenomenon,In the face of the postgraduate and undergraduate,They often choose undergraduates,The main reason is that their lectures skills is stronger,Despite theoretical knowledge and master's rich,But most lecture as normal majors.

　　与本科生相比，硕士真的不再有明显优势吗？事实并非完全如此。记者了解到，在许多入行考试中，硕士可以免除笔试，直接进入面试环节。在有些单位，如果研究生放弃同档竞争，选择“降档求职”即与本科生同档竞争时，用人单位一般都会选择学历更高的硕士。不过，一旦应聘成功，有些单位开给硕士的基本工资都比本科生要高一些，晋升空间和发展潜力也要大一些。

Compared with undergraduate,Master's really no longer have obvious advantages?The fact is not wholly so.The reporter understands,In many entrants to the exam,Master can be exempt from written examination,Direct access to interview link.In some units,If the graduate student to give up grade competition,choose"Shift down to apply for a job"Namely and undergraduate grade competition,Unit of choose and employ persons will generally choose higher education master's.but,Once apply for success,Some units open to master the basic wages are higher than undergraduate some,The promotion space and development potential and to a few bigger.

　　

·调 查· · adjustable check ·

　　

读研动机五花八门 To go to graduate school motivation is multifarious

　　对于不少专业来说，既然硕士学历在求职时优势渐失，为何还有那么多学生蜂拥考研？省内某普通院校中文专业一名大四学生坦言，之所以选择考研，主要是为了逃避就业压力，希望能读完硕士后再去求职，可能会增加一些优势。

For many professional speaking,Since the master degree in the job advantage gradually lost,Why are there still so many students flocked one's deceased father grind?A common colleges and universities in the province Chinese professional a senior student said,Chose one's deceased father grind,Mainly in order to escape the employment pressure,Hope to be able to read after the master to go to apply for a job,May add some advantage.

　　记者采访发现，部分高校考研大军十分庞大，有的专业甚至八成以上学生都在备战考研，就业已不再是本科毕业生的主流选择。在一些重点大学，优秀本科毕业生保送免试读研的比例也在不断提高。为了鼓励本科生考研，省内多所高校还开设了英语、数学和政治等针对考研的选修课程，并制定奖励政策，对于考上研究生尤其是重点大学研究生的学生，给予现金奖励，奖金最高达1万元。按照规定，继续升学读研同样被视为已就业。

Reporters found that,Some universities one's deceased father grind force is very large,Some professional even more than eighty percent students are in preparation for one's deceased father grind,Employment is no longer the mainstream of the undergraduate course graduate selection.In some key university,Excellent graduates walks an exemption to go to graduate school of proportion also continuously improve.In order to encourage undergraduate one's deceased father grind,Many universities in the province also offers English/Mathematics and political, according to one's deceased father grind elective courses,And make the reward policy,To take an examination of graduate students especially key university graduate students,Give cash prize,The highest prize 10000 yuan.According to the regulation,To continue with school to go to graduate school also be deemed to have employment.

　　赵琦华分析，现在的研究生读研动机五花八门，部分学生的确是因为出于对专业的兴趣和热爱，但也有一些学生是因为就业难、求职门槛高、父母意愿而被迫考研，还有的是想再缓冲3年，逃避现实的就业压力。

ZhaoQiHua analysis,Now go to graduate school graduate student motivation is multifarious,Part of students is, indeed, for professional interest and love,But there are also some students because of difficult employment/Job threshold high/Their parents' wishes and forced to one's deceased father grind,Still have a plenty of want to buffer 3 years,To escape from the reality of the employment pressure.

　　

·追 问· · chase asked ·

　　

硕士生就业真的不如本科生？ Master's employment really than undergraduates?

　　硕士生就业真的不如本科生吗？对此，云南大学研究生院院长、博士生导师赵琦华教授认为，从大范围来看，研究生就业整体上的确比本科生要低一些，但还是要看专业，有的专业较低，也有的专业较高。

Master as undergraduate employment really?this,Yunnan university graduate school dean/ZhaoQiHua doctoral tutor professor think,From the big scale,Graduate employment, on the whole, is lower than undergraduate some,But I still want to see professional,Some professional is low,Also some higher professional.

　　赵琦华分析，就目前来看，比如化学、生物、管理学等专业研究生就业率就高于本科生，且就业质量较高，因为就业范围比较广。不过一些人文社科方面专业研究生就业率则相对要低一些，因为就业面相对窄，对口的用人单位不能提供足够的岗位。

ZhaoQiHua analysis,At present,Such as chemical/biological/Management, and other professional graduate employment rate is higher than undergraduates,High quality and employment,Because employment range is wider.But some in humanities social sciences professional graduate employment rate is relatively low to some,Because employment surface relative narrow,To mouth unit of choose and employ persons does not provide enough jobs.

　　之所以会出现“研究生就业率比本科生低”这种现象，主要包括3个方面的原因。首先，研究生的就业心理预期相对较高，对于单位和收入的心理价位较高，不像本科生只要有稳定工作就去。此外，研究生大多会考虑专业与职业对口，而本科生却不一定，不少本科生都选择了与专业相差较大的工作。还有一点是，研究生就业质量相对较高，尤其是类似云大等重点高校的研究生。而一些暂时不就业的研究生，主要是在等待考公务员，或者是继续考博士、等待出国等。

The reason for causing"Graduate employment rate low than undergraduates"This kind of phenomenon,Mainly includes three reasons.First of all,Graduate employment psychological expectations is relative taller,For units and income psychological price is higher,Unlike undergraduates as long as have a stable work will go to.In addition,Graduate student most would consider professional and vocational to mouth,And undergraduates are not necessarily,Many undergraduates are chose and professional large difference of work.Still have a bit is,Graduate employment quality is relative taller,Especially similar cloud big such key university graduate.And some temporary not graduate employment,Mainly in etc need checking civil servants,Or is to continue to take an examination of doctor/Waiting to go abroad, etc.

　　

·观 点· · · view point

　　

应强化研究生实践教学内容 Graduate students should strengthen practice teaching content

　　云南师范大学政治学系系主任、硕士生导师柳榜华教授认为，单从就业率数字来看，并不能说明研究生就业不如本科生，现实可能会存在一定偏差。部分研究生专业的确存在就业率不如本科生的现状，但大部分专业并非如此，因此不必夸大。比如云师大思想政治教育专业，今年共有17名研究生毕业，截至9月1日已有16人顺利就业，且绝大多数都进入了国家事业单位。

Yunnan normal university political science department head/Master unripe adviser LiuBang China think professor,Single from the employment figures to see,And cannot explain the graduate student employment than undergraduates,Reality there may be a certain deviation.Part of the graduate student professional really do exist employment as the present situation of the undergraduate students,But most of the major is not so,So don't exaggerate.For example YunShiDa ideological and political education professional,This year a total of 17 graduate,By September 1 have 16 people smooth employment,And most of all to enter the national institutions.

　　不过，柳榜华认为，就业率也可以反映出研究生教育需要追求质量，否则就业率会受到影响，尤其是近几年全国研究生都在扩招，更应注意这一点。而就目前来看，市场需求与培养质量存在一定差距。具体来说，现在的研究生教学过程中，实践锻炼不够，一旦研究生毕业后，理论上讲，工资待遇应比本科生要高一点，但大多用人单位又开不出这样的高工资，于是出现差距。此外，有的用人单位盲目抬高招聘门槛，本科生甚至专科生即可胜任的岗位，非得设置成硕士门槛，却又不能提供相应的待遇，这种片面追求高学历的观念需要转变。

but,LiuBang Wordsworth thinks that,The employment rate can also reflect the graduate student education need to the pursuit of quality,Otherwise the employment will be affected,Especially in recent years in the national postgraduate enrollment,We should pay attention to this point.But at present,The market demand and training quality has certain gap.specifically,Now graduate teaching process,Practice exercise is not enough,Once after graduate school,In theory,Salary than undergraduates should be to a little higher,But most of the unit of choose and employ persons could not open such a high salary,So the disparities.In addition,Some unit of choose and employ persons blind drive up recruitment threshold,Undergraduate or junior college student can be competent for the post,Have to set to master's threshold,Yet can't provide the corresponding treatment,This kind of one-sided pursuit of highly educated concept need to change.

　　如何让研究生学历不贬值？柳榜华认为，研究生教育应结合社会需求，扩招的同时更应保证教育质量，不断调整和完善人才培养方案，同时加强导师对研究生的过程性指导，强化实践教学。

How to let a postgraduate degree is not devalued?LiuBang Wordsworth thinks that,Postgraduate education should be combined with social needs,At the same time of enrollment more should guarantee the education quality,Constantly adjust and improve the cultivation plan for the talented people,At the same time, strengthen the teacher to the graduate student's procedural guidance,Strengthen practice teaching.

　　

·分 析· · analysis ·

　　

不同批次院校 Different batch colleges

　　

办学定位不同 Orientation different

　　专家认为，单纯地比较就业率数据，未必科学，甚至对研究生有失公平。在省内多所高校，研究生初次就业率其实远远高于本科生。对于研究生而言，除了立马就业之外，还有等待考博、出国、考公务员等多个选择，这些也可能影响到就业率数据本身。

Experts say,Simply compare employment data,Not science,Even for the graduate student is unfair.A lot of universities in henan province,Graduate employment rate is far higher than the first undergraduate.For in the graduate student,In addition to immediately outside employment,And wait for test abundantly/Go abroad/Take an examination of civil servants, and other choice,These may also affect the employment data itself.

　　根据教育部全国高校学生信息咨询与就业指导中心编著的《全国高校毕业生就业状况(2009～2010)》一书显示，2009年的博士生、硕士生的就业率分别是79.9%和81.2%，均高于本科生的79.6%。

According to the national ministry of education college students information consultation and employment guidance, center of[The national college graduates employment status(2009 ~ 2010)]Book shows,The doctoral student in 2009/The master's employment rate of 79.9% and 81.2% respectively,Are higher than 79.6% of the undergraduates.

　　云南大学人文学院教授李兵分析认为，不同批次和不同层次的高校都有自己的办学定位和人才培养目标，在考核不同高校时应该有不同的指标体系，不能一概而论。比如说，对于高职高专院校，应该用就业率来考核办学质量和水平。但对于类似云大等高校来说，不能简单地将就业率作为评价学校办学水平的重要指标，毕竟“大学不是职业培训所”。（刘超）

Yunnan university college of liberal arts professor LiBing analysis think,Different batches and different levels of university has its own orientation and talents training target,In the inspection different universities should have different index system,Cannot treat as the same.For example,For higher vocational colleges,Should use the employment rate to evaluation the quality and level.But for similar cloud big etc for universities,Can not be simply employment as school level evaluation of important index,After all"University is not the professional training".(Liu chao)