近日，有单位和学者就我国农村教育布局调整十年评价发表了相关研究报告，其中一些有关数据引起社会关切，教育部有关负责人就此回答了记者的提问。

recently,Have unit and the scholars of our country's rural education layout adjustment ten years evaluation published related research report,Some of the relevant data cause social concern,The ministry of education officials in this answered the reporter's question.

　　问：国家采取了哪些政策措施保障农村适龄儿童少年接受义务教育的权利？

ask:The state has adopted a policy which measures to guarantee rural school-age children or adolescents receive the compulsory education rights?

　　答：进入本世纪以来，党中央、国务院高度重视义务教育改革发展，出台了一系列重大政策措施，切实保障农村适龄儿童少年接受义务教育的权利。一是实施了农村寄宿制学校建设工程、农村中小学现代远程教育工程、农村中小学危房改造工程、中小学校舍安全工程、农村义务教育薄弱学校改造计划等一系列重大工程项目，不断改善中西部地区农村学校的办学条件。在广大农村地区，最漂亮的建筑是学校。

a:In this century,The party central committee/The state council attach great importance to compulsory education reform and development,Introduced a series of important policies and measures,To guarantee rural school-age children or adolescents receive the compulsory education rights.One is the implementation of the rural residential school construction project/The rural elementary and middle schools modern distance education project/The rural middle and primary school dilapidated building reconstruction project/Primary and secondary school building safety engineering/Rural compulsory education weak school reconstruction plan and a series of major engineering project,Constantly improve the Midwest rural school running conditions.In the vast rural areas,The most beautiful building is the school.

　　二是从2006年开始实施义务教育经费保障机制改革，率先全面免除农村义务教育阶段学生学杂费，免费提供教科书并对家庭经济困难的寄宿学生提供生活补助。从2008年开始，这一政策推广到全国城乡所有地区，有力地保障了适龄儿童平等的受教育权利。

Two began in 2006 implementation of compulsory education funds safeguard mechanism reform,Take the lead in comprehensive rural compulsory education stage from student tuition and fees,Provide free textbooks and the family economic difficult boarding students with living subsidies.Begin from 2008,The policy extended to all the national urban and rural areas,Forcefully secures the school-age children equal rights by education.

　　三是普遍建立了学生资助体系，为家庭经济困难学生提供生活补助并不断提高补助标准。2011年秋季学期起，国家启动了农村义务教育学生营养改善计划，在集中连片特殊困难地区开展试点，按照每生每天3元的标准为约2600万在校生提供营养膳食补助。这些政策的落实，保障了不让一个学生因贫困而失学。加之家长对子女教育越来越重视，送孩子上学成了自觉行动。

Three is a common student financial assistance system is established,For family economic difficulties students with living subsidies and constantly improve the subsidy standard.The 2011 fall semester up,Countries launched the rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement plan,In concentrated special difficult areas pilot,Born in accordance with each every three yuan standards for about 26 million students provide nutrition meal allowance.The implementation of these policies,Ensure the not to let a student by poverty and drop out of school.Together with parents to their children education pay more and more attention to,Send their children to school became self-conscious action.我国小学入学率从2001年99.1%到2011年的99.8%，一直保持着稳定增长状态。 Our primary school enrollment rate from 99.1% in 2001 to 99.8% in 2011,Always maintained a steady growth state.

　　问：我国小学辍学率有没有大幅度反弹？是否“回到十年前的水平”？

ask:Our primary school dropout rates have greatly rebound?whether"Back to the level of a decade ago"?

　　答：2005年前，教育部依据1991年颁布的《中国教育监测与评价统计指标体系（试行）》以统计公报形式对外发布小学辍学率。2006年以后，随着义务教育普及程度的提高，小学辍学率一直稳定控制在1%以内，尤其是义务教育经费保障机制的建立，全国义务教育工作重点从普及转向巩固提高，因此教育部不再公布小学年度辍学率。但国家对此问题依然十分重视，在教育规划纲要和教育事业“十二五”规划中对义务教育巩固率提出了明确指标，国家教育督导委员会也把入学率和巩固率作为教育督导的重要指标，对各地进行严格监测和督导评估，实行一票否决。

a:2005 years ago,According to the ministry of education promulgated in 1991 by the[China's education monitoring and evaluation index system of statistics(trial)]Using the statistical bulletin released to form primary school dropout rates.2006 years later,Along with the popularization of compulsory education degree rise,Primary school dropout rates have been stability control within 1%,Especially compulsory education funds safeguard mechanism,The national compulsory education work focus from popularity to consolidate improve,Therefore the ministry of education no longer elementary school dropout rates published year.But the state still attached great importance to this problem,In education planning outline and education career"1025"In the planning of compulsory education 巩固率 puts forward specific index,National education steering committee on the enhancement of the enrollment and 巩固率 education supervision as an important index,For the different carries on the strict monitoring and supervision evaluation,Implement a ticket veto.

　　近年来，由于我国义务教育学生在城镇化建设加快的背景下流动性不断增强，流动规模也逐年增大，因此学生个体的流动情况难以及时掌握。2006年以前使用的辍学率计算方法没有考虑到学生大规模流动因素，因此国家层面上的统计已经不再使用这种计算方法，正转向通过建立电子学籍系统等方式加强对学生就学情况的监控。

In recent years,Because our country compulsory education students in urbanization speeding up construction under the background of increasing liquidity,Flow scale also has been increasing year by year,So the student individual flow situation difficult to master in time.2006 years ago the dropout rates used calculation method doesn't take into account the student mass flow factors,So the national level statistics has no longer use this kind of calculation method,Through the establishment of school is to electronic system, and so on ways to strengthen school students of monitoring.某些机构和学者虽然就我国小学阶段辍学率问题进行了研究，但是由于他们不掌握义务教育整体情况，依然套用原有辍学率计算方法，因此不能客观真实反映各地学生的流失情况，得出的全国辍学率数据也不准确。 Some organizations and scholars although is our primary school dropout rates stage is discussed,But because they do not have the obligation education overall situation,Still applying calculation method of original dropout rates,So can't reflect the objective truth of the students all across the drain,Concluded the data dropout rates is not accurate.

　　事实上，1994年原国家教委发布《普及义务教育评估验收暂行办法》（教基[1994]19号），规定小学在校生年辍学率控制在1％以下。自进入新世纪的10多年以来，虽然辍学率随年份会出现一定的波动，但是都没有高于1%的国家控制线，说明我国小学控辍保学的措施是成功的。特别是近年来小学五年巩固率一直比较稳定，因此并不存在小学辍学率回到十年前的问题。但由于我国学生基数较大，辍学问题仍需得到长期关注。

In fact,In 1994 the former state education commission issued[The compulsory education assessment acceptance interim measures](Teach base [1994] no. 19),Provisions in primary school students dropout rates control under 1%.Since entering the new century since more than ten years,Although dropout rates with the year will appear a certain fluctuation,But all have no higher than 1% of the state line,Explain our primary school control dropping out the learning measures is successful.Especially in recent years, primary school 巩固率 five years has been more stable,So does not exist elementary school dropout rates back to the problem of ten years ago.But because our country students large base,School problems still need to get attention for a long time.

　　问：有学者认为，农村中小学布局调整是导致学生辍学的主要原因，您对此有何看法？

ask:Some scholars think,The layout and adjustment of rural primary and secondary school students drop out in the main reason,So what is your opinion?

　　答：随着我国进城务工人员随迁子女逐年增加、农村人口出生率持续降低，农村学龄人口不断下降，各地对农村义务教育学校进行了布局调整和撤并。总体上，改善了办学条件，优化了教师队伍配置，提高了办学效益和办学质量。但同时，农村义务教育学校大幅减少，导致部分学生上学路途变远、交通安全隐患增加，学生家庭经济负担加重，并带来农村寄宿制学校不足、一些城镇学校班额过大等问题。对于部分地方布局调整导致学生辍学的情况，国家一直非常关注。

a:With China's migrant workers SuiQian children has increased year by year/The rural population birth rate continues to drop,Rural school-age population has been declining,For rural compulsory education school all the layout adjustment and merging.On the whole,To improve the managerial condition,Optimize the allocation of teachers,Improved the efficiency and the quality.But at the same time,Rural compulsory education school is greatly reduced,Cause part of students to school become far way/Traffic safety hidden danger increases,Students family economic burden,And bring the rural residential school shortage/Some towns school class problems such as excessive amount.For some local layout adjustment to the situation of students drop out,Country has been very concerned.

　　教育部分别于2006年、2009年、2010年印发文件，要求各地避免盲目撤并学校。在认真研究基础上，今年9月，国务院办公厅印发了《关于规范农村义务教育学校布局调整的意见》，要求县级人民政府要制定农村义务教育学校布局专项规划，报国家教育体制改革领导小组备案，在完成备案之前，暂停农村义务教育学校撤并。合理确定县域内教学点、村小学、中心小学、初中学校布局，保证学生能够就近入学。严格规范学校撤并程序和行为，确因生源减少需要撤并学校的，必须严格履行撤并方案的制定、论证、公示、报批等程序。采取多种措施提高村小学和教学点办学条件，保障农村学生就近接受良好义务教育。

The ministry of education in 2006 respectively/In 2009,/2010 documents issued by,Requires all should avoid blind school.Based on the careful study,September this year,Issued by the general office of the state council the[Rural compulsory education on regulating the school layout adjustment opinion],Requirements of the people's government at or above the county level to make rural compulsory education school special planning layout,The state education system reform leading group for the record,In the finish before the record,Suspend rural compulsory education school merging.Reasonable county in teaching school/Village elementary school/Center primary school/Junior middle school layout,Ensure that students can came near to the entrance.Strict school merging procedures and behavior,Students need to really due to the reduced merger of the school,Must strictly fulfill the merger plan formulation/argument/public/Approval procedures such as.Take various measures to improve the village elementary school and teaching school running conditions,Ensure the countryside student came near to accept the good education obligations.

　　问：教育部将采取哪些措施进一步做好“控辍保学”和义务教育相关工作？

ask:Education department what measures to further"Accused of dropping out the learning"And the obligation education related work?

　　答：一是进一步规范农村义务教育学校布局调整。拟于近日印发关于贯彻落实《国务院办公厅关于规范农村义务教育学校布局调整的意见》的通知，要求各地开展专题部署，从明确保障农村小学1至3年级学生原则上不寄宿，就近走读上学的政策等方面制定具体的实施意见，科学制订布局规划，加强督查和引导，把国办要求落到实处，让农村学生能就近接受良好义务教育。

a:One is to further standardize rural compulsory education school layout adjustment.Recently issued by about implementation[The general office of the state council on regulating the rural compulsory education school layout adjustment opinion]notice,All requirements to carry out special deployment,From clear guarantee rural primary school 1 to 3 grade students in principle not boarding,Nearby day school policy, formulate specific aspects of the implementation opinions,Science develop layout,To strengthen the supervision and guidance,The map requirements into effect,Let the countryside student can came near to accept the good education obligations.

　　二是加快电子学籍管理系统建设。尽快建立国家教育信息化平台与省级教育部门对接的电子学籍管理系统，构建以居住地学龄人口为基准的义务教育管理和公共服务机制，加强对学生动向的监管，及时准确掌握学生就学与流动情况。

Two is to accelerate the electronic registration management system construction.As soon as possible the establishment of a national education information platform and the provincial education department butt electronic student status management system,To construct the residence school-age population for reference obligation education management and public service mechanism,To strengthen the supervision of the trend of students,Timely and accurate grasp students learn and flow situation.

　　三是不断完善学生资助体系。落实好家庭经济困难学生生活补助，指导有条件的地方适当提高补助标准。继续实施好农村义务教育学生营养改善计划，给予家庭经济困难学生和农村留守儿童更多的关爱和帮扶。

The third is constantly improve the student financial assistance system.Implement good family economic difficulties students living subsidies,Guidance conditional place increasing subsidy standard.Continue to implement good rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement plan,Give family economic difficulties students and rural left-behind children more caring and supporting.

　　四是切实加强学校管理。根据青少年的身心发展规律，不断改进教育教学方法，减轻学生过重课业负担，提高课堂效率和学校教育吸引力。密切家校联系，发现学生未到学校，第一时间与家长沟通，避免发生意外事故。

The fourth is to strengthen school management.According to the law of development of teenager's body and mind,Continuously improve the education teaching methods,To reduce the schoolwork burden overweight,To improve the class efficiency and school education attraction.Close contact home school,Found that students not to go to school,The first time and parents communication,Avoid accidents.