制图：张芳曼 drawing:ZhangFangMan

　　一年多前，国务院决定启动实施农村义务教育学生营养改善计划：中央每年拨款160多亿元，按照每生每天3元的标准为农村义务教育阶段学生提供营养膳食补助。改善计划试点工作覆盖中西部699个县，还有11个省份在288个县开展了地方试点，直接受益学生达3000多万。

More than a year ago,The state council has decided to start implementing rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement plan:The central funds each year more than 160 yuan,Born in accordance with each every three yuan standards for rural compulsory education stage provide students with nutrition meal allowance.The improvement plan pilot work covers the Midwest 699 counties,There are 11 provinces in 288 counties to carry out the local pilot,Direct benefit from more than 3000 students.

　　如今，计划启动了一年，孩子们都吃得饱吃得好吗？营养改善明显吗？本报记者日前赴云南、宁夏、湖南、江西、黑龙江等地展开调查。

now,Plan launched a year,The children are well fed eat well?Improved nutrition?Our reporter recently went to yunnan/ningxia/hunan/jiangxi/Heilongjiang investigation, etc.

　　

学校供餐 School feeding

　　

学生能吃饱 地方压力大 Students can eat satisfied place great pressure

　　在宁夏、河南、云南等采取学校供餐的地方，接受采访的学生和家长都反映“能吃饱”：“顿顿都能吃上肉，吃得还不错”，“比饿着肚子上课好多了”。

In the ningxia/henan/Yunnan take school feeding place,The interview of the students and parents are reflected"Can eat satisfied":"Button can eat meat,Eat is good","Hungry than class a lot better".

　　那么，让学生吃得饱又是如何做到的呢？

so,Let the students eat satisfied is how to do it?

　　提及学校供餐的最大好处，宁夏回族自治区同心县教育局纪检书记白明江认为：“就是投入的钱能花到学生饭盒里。”白明江介绍说，中央每位学生补助3元，宁夏财政补助1.6元，全部落实在学生的午餐上。

Refer to the school for the biggest advantage of meal,Ningxia hui autonomous region bureau of TongXinXian discipline inspection BaiMingJiang think:"Is to put money can take to students in the lunch box."BaiMingJiang said,The central each student aid 3 yuan,Ningxia financial aid 1.6 yuan,All the students implement the lunch.

　　为了保证钱用到实处，云南省有自己的办法全省所有农村义务教育学校的学生食堂必须在2012年内退出承包经营，改由学校直接管理，实行零利润经营，确保国家的补助资金全额用于学生伙食。

In order to guarantee money use effect,Yunnan province have their own way to the rural compulsory education school all the student canteen in 2012 years must be out of contract management,Now the school direct management,Implement zero profit management,Ensure the country's subsidy funds for students full meals.

　　和很多省份比起来，宁夏和云南经济都算不上发达，改善计划全覆盖和推广学校供餐为何反而做得较好呢？

Many provinces and compared,Ningxia and yunnan economy are not developed,The improvement plan full cover and promotion school feeding why it better?

　　记者了解到，这两个省份农村面广、贫困面也广，因而笨鸟先飞，工作起步较早，为实施学生营养改善计划打下了基础。云南省教育厅财务基建处副处长陈跃琼告诉记者，云南农村义务教育寄宿生生活补助的工作在2012年实现了全覆盖。而宁夏早在2010年春季，就在六盘山区11个县（区）启动实施了“营养早餐工程”，为当地37万名农村义务教育学生和县城（城市）义务教育寄宿生，每天早晨提供一个熟鸡蛋。

The reporter understands,The two provinces rural area wide/PinKunMian also widely,Clumsy birds have to start flying and,Work started earlier,For implementing students' nutrition improvement plan laid the foundation.Yunnan provincial department of financial capital construction department deputy director general ChenYueQiong told reporters,Yunnan rural compulsory education boarder living subsidies work in 2012 years to achieve full coverage.And ningxia early in spring 2010,In liupan mountain 11 counties(area)Start implementing the"Nutritional breakfast engineering",For the local 370000 rural compulsory education students and county(city)Compulsory education boarder,Every morning to provide a hard-boiled egg.

　　当然，即便在云南和宁夏，也不是所有的学校都有条件开展学校供餐。部分开展了学校供餐的地方表示，要保障学生吃饱吃好，在人财物都相对不足的情况下压力很大。记者了解到，在一些没有条件开展学校供餐的地区，当地的孩子可能面临营养餐只能“垫补垫补肚子”的情况。

Of course,Even in yunnan and ningxia,And not all schools have conditions to carry out the school meals.In the part of school feeding place said,To ensure students eat satisfied eat well,Tightening in all the relative deficiency of the circumstances under a lot of pressure.The reporter understands,In some no conditions to carry out school feeding area,Local children may face nutrient food only"Shim shim belly"situation.

　　

牛奶+X Milk + X

　　

操作很容易 未必能吃好 The operation is very easy not to eat well

　　学生能吃到什么样的营养餐？据统计，截至今年秋季开学前，53%的试点学校采用了学校食堂供餐，35%选择了向企业（单位）购买供餐服务，还有12%实行了家庭（个人）托餐。

Students can eat what kind of nutrient food?According to the statistics,So far this year before the autumn,53% of the pilot schools use the school canteen meals,35% chose to enterprise(unit)Purchase for the meal service,And 12% to the family(personal)Joe meal.

　　不久前，全国学生营养办组织了全面督查，教育部副部长、全国学生营养办主任鲁昕介绍，从实际供餐内容上来看，截至今年秋季开学，已实施营养改善计划的国家试点县和地方试点县，分别有5.8万所和1.7万所学校，采用牛奶或“牛奶+X （鸡蛋、糕点、火腿肠等）”的加餐模式，分别占63%和86%。内蒙古、河北、山西、吉林、黑龙江5个省份全部采用了这一模式；安徽大部分学校虽然采用企业供餐模式，但配送食物多为牛奶、鸡蛋。

Not long ago,National student nutrition to do a comprehensive supervision organization,Education, vice minister of/National student nutrition do LuXin director is introduced,From actual for meal content to see,So far this year the autumn,Already implementing nutrition improvement plan of the national ShiDianXian and local ShiDianXian,There were 58000 and 17000 schools,Using milk or"Milk + X (eggs/pastry/Ham and egg, etc)"Tome mode of,Account for 63% and 86% respectively.Inner Mongolia/hebei/shanxi/jilin/Heilongjiang 5 provinces all adopt the mode;Anhui most school although the enterprise for meal pattern,But more than food distribution for milk/eggs.

　　营养餐种类为何比较单一？记者调查发现，究其原因最重要的一点在于很多学校没有食堂，加餐只能作为一种过渡措施。在河南省民权县，配餐按标段实现了在县乡集中蒸煮，统一配送。不过，这是现有条件下河南全省完成最好的范例。全国招标，企业担责，政府监督，这样的配餐模式对于很多地方目前还难以实现。民权刚刚进行了一次问卷调查显示，70%的孩子还是希望吃到学校加工的“营养午餐”。现实条件和孩子们的希望距离还很远。这里300多所农村学校，只有20所拥有面积设施都不达标的食堂，另有30所学校食堂正在建设。

Why its type is more onefold?Reporter survey found,The reason is the most important thing is to a lot of schools do not have a dining room,Adds only as an interim measures.MinQuanXian in henan province,Catering to realize the section of county and township government in centralized cooking,Uniform distribution.but,This is the existing conditions of henan province achieve the best example.The bidding,Enterprise bear the responsibility,The government supervision and,This service mode for many place is still difficult to realize.Civil rights just conducted a questionnaire survey,70% of the children still want to eat to school of processing"Nutritional lunch".Reality conditions and the children's hope distance is still a long way to go.Here more than 300 rural schools,Only 20 have area facilities are substandard dining room,Another 30 school canteen are under construction.

　　“牛奶+X”方便易行，却未必适合所有地区的学生们的饮食习惯。

"Milk + X"Convenient and easy,But may not be suitable for all areas of the students' eating habits.

　　湖南省教育厅副厅长杨定忠在一次会议中谈道：“当前营养改善计划以‘牛奶+X’为主的供餐模式与农村学生饮食习惯有一定冲突”。

Hunan provincial deputy director YangDingZhong in a conference said:"The current nutrition improvement plan to‘Milk + X’Primarily for meal pattern and the countryside student eating habits have conflict".

　　的确，有一些地方或学生，不习惯喝牛奶，饮用或者超量饮用就出现腹胀、腹泻等症状，这被称为乳糖不耐受症。

indeed,There are some places or students,Not used to drink milk,Drinking or excess drinking appear abdominal distension/diarrhea,This is called the lactose intolerance disorder.

　　还有一些地方，上午十点左右给孩子加一顿“牛奶+面包”。教育部财务司副司长田祖萌认为，这种供餐形式会让学生很为难：“如果不吃早饭挺到十点，会很饿，受不了；如果吃了早饭这时再加吃这一顿牛奶和面包，中午饭时肚子又不饿，吃不下。这样的操作方式就不太科学。”

There are also some places,Midmorning give children with a meal"Milk + bread".The ministry of education account division deputy director general TianZuMeng think,This meal form will let the student is very difficult:"If you don't eat breakfast is at 10 o 'clock,Will be very hungry,Can't stand;If ate breakfast then add to eat this meal milk and bread,Lunch at noon belly and not hungry,Can't eat.This mode of operation is not scientific."

　　据介绍，对于营养餐，国家不要求地方制定一样的食谱，供应一样的食物。各地应该在坚持安全营养的前提下，根据孩子们生长发育的需要和当地物产及饮食习惯，充分征求学生和家长意见，积极探索各具特色的供餐内容。关键是要确保孩子吃得安全、吃得营养。

According to introducing,For its,Countries do not required local make the same recipe,As the supply of food.All should insist on security under the premise of nutrition,According to the children growth needs and local products and eating habits,Fully solicit opinions of students and parents,Active exploration with the distinctive features of the content for meal.The key is to ensure that the kid eat safety/Eat well.

　　不过，记者调查发现，还是有不少学校即使有食堂，出于简便易行、降低成本的考虑，也采取了蛋奶加餐模式。

but,Reporter survey found,There are still many schools even has a dining room,Out of simple and convenient/Reduce the cost consideration,Also take the egg milk tome mode.

　　

吃饱吃好 Eat satisfied eat good

　　

要有米有锅 还要有人管 Want to have MiYouGuo also someone tube

　　对宁夏同心县王团镇中心小学校长王正虎而言，现在有两个大问题困扰着他，由于国家规定了免费午餐的费用，每一分都要吃到学生肚子里，却没有规定如何让学生吃到。因此，如何维持食堂的运转就成了第一个难题。

In ningxia TongXinXian king group town center primary school principals in WangZhengHu,Now there are two big problem bothering him,The provisions of the state because of the cost of the free lunch,Every minute is to eat to students in the stomach,But no rules how to let the student have.therefore,How to maintain the dining room operation became the first problem.

　　由于推行免费午餐，水电等各种费用算下来，每位学生一个学期增加了大概300元左右的花费，学校不得不挤出大量的公共经费用于免费午餐。再加上新学校为了保证学生的取暖，全部采用了暖气，每天烧煤便是2000元，因此财力上可谓捉襟见肘。“我们学校还不错，至少硬件很好，像我过去所在的倒墩小学，便只能改造教室做食堂。”王正虎说。

Due to the implementation of the free lunch,Water and electricity, etc. Various kinds of cost is down,Each student a semester increased the cost of about 300 yuan,The school had to squeeze out a large amount of public funds for free lunch.Plus the new school in order to ensure that students heating,All adopt the heating,Every coal burning is 2000 yuan,So money is on rebuilding."Our school is good,At least hardware is very good,Like I used to in the fall pier elementary school,He can only reform the classroom do dining room."WangZhengHu said.

　　另一个大难题是师资问题。不少农村食堂都缺乏专门人员，为了节约成本,只能由老师兼管。这对于教学质量的提升，乃至老师自己的生活，都是不小的影响，王团镇中心小学五（四）班班主任王玉红告诉记者，现在食堂的监管员是上了年纪的老师兼顾，没有工资，只能凭着一份责任。王正虎坦言：“在这种情况下，我们原本还希望能够改进饭菜质量，给孩子们多一些口味的选择，都只能是一个想法。”

Another big problem is the teachers question.Many rural dining room are lack of professional staff,In order to save cost,Only by teacher approval.The teaching quality of ascension,And even the teacher own life,Is a lot of influence,The king group town center primary school five(four)BanBan director WangYuGong told reporters,Now canteen supervisor is elderly teacher give attention to two or morethings,No salary,Only with a responsibility.WangZhengHu said:"In this case,We were also hope to be able to improve the food quality,Give children more flavors of choice,Are only an idea."

　　王正虎的困惑，并不特别。在调查中记者发现，河南省26个试点县中，仅有9.1%的学校有食堂，而90%以上的学校只能采取市场招标、企业介入、课间加餐的方式实现营养改善。且不说现有食堂的条件规模与标准化食堂要求有不小差距。在目前的建设推进和将来的持续运转上，都面临钱和人的双重制约。

WangZhengHu confusion,Not particularly.In the survey found journalists,Henan province in 26 ShiDianXian,Only 9.1% of the school has a dining room,And more than 90% of the schools can only take market bidding/Companies are involved in/Tome way realization break nutrition improvement.Apart from the existing conditions of the dining room size and standardized dining room request is not a small gap.In the present construction propulsion and future on continuous running,Are all faced with money and man a double restriction.

　　营养改善专款专用，一分都不能挪作他用。如果把营养餐比作米，把食堂供餐形式比作锅，这锅饭做好，要有米有锅，更要有人管。

Nutrition improve special fund is special,A points are not used for any other purposes.If the nutrient food compared to m,The dining hall meal form to the pot,This pot rice do,Want to have MiYouGuo,More to someone tube.

　　据介绍，2011年中央已安排食堂建设专项资金。但是，一方面建设和管理工作量仍然巨大，试点县多属于集中连片的困难地区，对众望所归的食堂供餐形式，从招投标到业务培训、日常运转，再到未来数量庞大的炊事人员工资，所有这些经费如何落实，从何落实是个问题。有地方官员提议，如果让地方财政解决，由哪一级财政出资，都需要更加明确的指导意见。

According to introducing,In 2011, the central have arranged for the dining room construction special funds.but,On the one hand construction and management work is still huge,More than ShiDianXian belong to concentrated difficult areas,To incumbent canteen meals form,From the bidding to business training/Daily operation,And then to the future large Numbers of cooking personnel salary,All of these funds how to implement,Where to implement is a problem.Local officials have proposed,If let local finance solve,By the level to which the fiscal capital contribution,Need to become more clear guidance.

　　记者注意到，在县乡一级负责营养餐工作的多为兼职，管理的却是关系到资金安全和食品安全的大问题，专职人员的匮乏将成为长期持续发展的一大隐患。此外，发展食堂，还涉及场地、安全等诸多问题，而这些,已经不仅仅是钱能解决的问题了。

Reporter noticed,In its work of county and township government level responsible for more for a part-time job,Management of the capital is related to the safety and food safety problem,Full-time personnel, the lack of long-term sustainable development will be a great hidden danger.In addition,Development dining room,Still involve site/Safety, and many other problems,And these,They are not only money can solve the problem.

　　（本期栏目统筹：本报记者 丁 汀）

(This section as a whole:Our reporter statins butyl)