庄晓英 杜佳雯

ZhuangXiaoYing DuJiaWen

　　不管能不能接受，我国学生的身体素质是呈持续下降的状态的，针对大中小学生的体质监测，其结果都令人堪忧。于是，在体育入中考多年后，有专家建议将体育也纳入高考，而部分高校也开始在自主招生过程中提高体育成绩的影响比重。但问题是体育入高考真的就是解决学生身体素质的一剂良药吗？

Whether can accept,Our students' physical quality is a continuous decrease of the state,And according to the students' physique monitoring,The results are worrying.so,In physical examination in after years,Have expert advice will the sport is also included in the college entrance examination,But some colleges and universities also began in the independent recruitment process to improve sports performance influence specific gravity.But the problem is the physical education into the university entrance exam is really solve students' physical quality of the best medicine?

　　

[现状扫描] [status scanning]

　　

学龄增长 体质下降 School age growth physical deterioration

　　今年6月，本市公布的中小学生体质健康测试结果显示，全市120万名中小学生体质健康综合达标率为89.1%。其中学生肥胖率为16.9%，出现五年来首次下降。截至今年1月15日，上海对1473所中小学校一年级至高中三年级的1208947名学生，按照《国家学生体质健康标准》分为身体形态、生理机能、身体素质等3方面21项指标进行测试，结果显示，从各学段体质健康达标率来看，呈现随着学龄增长而体质下降的趋势：全市统计达标率小学92.2%，初中86%，高中85.5%，均高于2010年水平，整体达到教育部达标率高于85%的要求。

In June this year,By the city of primary and middle school students physical health test results show,The city's 1.2 million primary and middle school students' physical health comprehensive success rate was and9.1%.The students obesity rate was 16.9%,For the first time in five years down there.So far this year on January 15,,Shanghai of 1473 primary and middle school high school grade one to grade three of the 120and947 students,According to the[National student physical health standard]Divided into physical form/Physiological function/The body quality and so on three aspects of 21 indicators on test,The results show,From the study period of physical health success rate is to see,Present with school age growth and physical deterioration trend:The statistical percentage of 92.2% elementary school,and6% of junior high school,and5.5% of the high school,Are higher than the level of 2010,The ministry of education to the overall success rate is higher than and5% of the requirements.

　　上海市中小学生在肺活量体重指数方面相对较低，优良率为43.2%。各学段学生间存在着素质发展不均衡的情况：小学柔韧力量素质较好，优良率和达标率分别为56.1%和91.9%，耐力素质较差，优良率和达标率分别为48.2%和89.2%；初中速度灵巧素质较好，优良率和达标率分别为66.6%和93.1%，耐力素质达标率偏低，为88.6%；高中速度灵巧素质和柔韧力量素质均偏差，速度灵巧素质优良率和达标率分别为53.6%和86.6%，柔韧力量素质优良率和达标率分别为40.2%和81.2%，耐力素质无明显优势。

The primary and middle school students in the lung capacity in body mass index is relatively low,Rate is 43.2%.The students learning period between the quality development imbalance situation:Primary school soft power quality is good,And the success rate was 56.1% and 91.9% respectively,Endurance quality is poor,And the success rate was 4and.2% and and9.2% respectively;Junior high school speed dexterity quality is good,And the success rate was 66.6% and 93.1% respectively,Endurance quality low success rate,Is andand.6%;High speed dexterity quality and soft power quality are deviation,Speed dexterity quality good and success rate were 53.6% and and6.6% respectively,Soft power quality and success rate was 40.2% and and1.2% respectively,Endurance quality have no obvious advantage.

　　

大学生身体素质25年来持续下降 College students' physical quality, in the past 25 years, continued to decline

　　“学龄增长，体质下降”，这种状态也在大学生的体质监测中得到了验证。国家体育总局、教育部2011年公布的2010年国民体质监测结果表明：大学生身体素质25年来持续下降。与1985年比，肺活量下降近10%；大学女生800米跑、男生1000米跑成绩分别下降10.3%和10.9%。

"School age growth,Physical deterioration",This state in the college students' physique monitoring verified.State general administration of sport/Published in 2011 by the ministry of education of the 2010 national civil constitution monitoring results show that:College students' physical quality, in the past 25 years, continued to decline.And 19and5 than,Lung volume down nearly 10%;College girls in the and00 - meter run/The boy in the 1000 - meter run results were down by 10.3% and 10.9%.

　　“大学生体质下降是积累形成的，”清华大学体育部主任刘波曾在采访中表示：“比如说，达标规定要跑1500米，体育教学中从小学就会开始让学生跑，一直跑到大学，出现事故的可能性会大大减少。相反，从小缺乏相应锻炼，想在大学里迅速提高心肺功能，是几乎不可能的，让这样的学生去跑3000米、5000米，难保不出事。”

"College students' physical deterioration is accumulated,"Tsinghua university sports department director LiuBoCeng in the interview said:"For instance,The provisions to run 1500 meters,Physical education in primary school students will start to run,Always run to university,Appear the possibility of accident will greatly reduce.instead,From the lack of corresponding exercise,Want to in the university rapidly improved cardiopulmonary function,It is almost impossible,Let such a student to run 3000 meters/5000 meters,No does not have an accident."

　　

[麻辣点评] [spicy hot comment on]

　　

小调查：超8成家长反对体育测试应试化 Small survey:Super and into parents objected to sports test takes an exam the change

　　为了扭转学生身体素质持续下降的“颓势”，教育部、国家发改委、财政部、体育总局日前出台《关于进一步加强学校体育工作的若干意见》，提出“完善学生体质健康测试和评价制度”，并“积极探索在高中学业水平考试中增加体育科目的做法，推进高考综合评价体系建设，有效发挥其对增强学生体质的引导作用”。有报道据此认为“我国考虑将高中体育科目纳入高考综合评价体系”。

In order to reverse the students' physical quality is declining"flagging",The ministry of education/The national development and reform commission/The ministry of finance/General administration of sport has come[On further strengthening the school sports work certain opinions],Put forward"Improve the students' physical health test and evaluation system",and"Active exploration in the high school level exam increase the practice of sports course,Promote the university entrance exam comprehensive evaluation system construction,Effectively play the enhancement of students' physical guidance".There are reports that accordingly"Our country consider high school sports course in the university entrance exam comprehensive evaluation system".

　　而这些报道在家长中引发了激烈讨论，在E度教育论坛所做的小范围调查显示，超过8成的家长反对体育测试应试化。家长李先生表示，现在孩子学习压力已经够大了，早上7点钟就得出门，晚上回来做作业做到11-12点钟，连睡眠时间都不充足，哪还有时间锻炼身体，本来寄希望于学校的体育课，但体育课有时候还会被文化课占用。孩子身体素质是差，但这个是应试教育的问题，不是把体育纳入高考就能改变的，体育再纳入应试只会增加孩子的负担。要想增强孩子的身体素质，就得从源头上抓起，改变应试教育体制才是“王道”。

While these reports in the parents has triggered a heated discussion,In the E degree education BBS do small range survey,More than eight into parents against physical test takes an exam the change.Parents Mr. Li said,Now that the children are learning pressure is enough,At seven o 'clock in the morning will have to go out,Night came to do homework do 11-12 o 'clock,Even sleep time is not enough,Which still have time to exercise,Was the hope school physical education,But physical education sometimes be literacy class occupancy.The child's physical quality is poor,But this is takes an exam the education problems,The sports is not included in the college entrance examination can change,Sports again into the exam will only increase the burden of the children.Want to strengthen children's physical quality,Have to grab from fountainhead,Change the examination education system is"kingcraft".

　　

除了学业负担 还有其它一些“不能说的秘密” In addition to academic burden and other"Can't say secret"

　　学生身体素质直线下降跟学业负担过重、高考压力大密不可分，向明中学副校长周孝放表示，现在孩子身体素质普遍不好这已经是一个不争的事实，而想要扭转这种局面并不容易。虽然学校很重视孩子的体育锻炼，对于那些对体育感兴趣的孩子也十分鼓励，但有的时候苦于没有场地。比如向明中学每天早上7点钟都会组织晨跑，但有一个校区就做不到，因为旁边正在修地铁。

Students' physical quality declines linearly with the academic burden/The university entrance exam pressure are inseparable,The Chinese middle school vice President ZhouXiaoFang said,Now the child's physical quality common bad this is an indisputable fact,And it is to turn the situation is not easy.Although the school attaches great importance to the child's physical exercise,For those interested in sports children is also very encouraging,But sometimes suffer from does not have site.Such as the Chinese middle school at seven o 'clock every morning will organization running in the morning,But there is a campus just can't do,Because of flank is taking the subway.

　　很多客观因素都容易导致孩子锻炼受阻。家长陈女士表示，上高二的女儿有一次在长跑800米测试结束之后给自己打电话说鼻炎又犯了，感觉自己快不行了。她打开自己手机上的环境质量检测软件一看，那天是“重度污染”。

Many objective factors are easy to cause the child to exercise hindered.Parents ms. Chen said,The daughter of a high once in a long distance of and00 meters after the test to make a phone call to say rhinitis made again,Feel dying.She opened his phone environment quality testing software a look,It was"Severe pollution".

　　

加强体育测试未必就能提高身体素质 Strengthen the sports test is not necessarily can improve physical quality

　　文来中学体育老师黄老师认为，体育考试纳入高考的范围，或可加强学生和家长对体育锻炼的意识，但仅仅为了应付考试，未必能达到体育锻炼的目的，体育锻炼应该和体育考试分开。黄老师表示，体育入中考后，发现有些学生虽然体育测试拿了满分，但是本身身体素质并不好，高中开学后，体育摸底考试成绩并不理想。这是因为为了应付考试，很多学生会去参加社会上的体育速成班，而且体育测试项目是可选的，学生只会选择对自己有利的测试项目，比如有些学生耐力不行，就会选择游泳。

Wen to middle school PE teacher huang teachers think,Physical examination into the scope of the college entrance examination,Or can strengthen the students and parents to physical training consciousness,But only for tests,Not necessarily can achieve the purpose of physical exercise,Physical training and sports test should be separated.Yellow teacher said,Sports after the tests,Found that some students though sports got a full mark in the test,But itself physical quality is not good,After the start of high school,Sports a baseline test result is not ideal.This is because in order to cope with the exam,Many students to participate in social sports course,And physical test project is optional,Students will only choose favorable testing project,Such as some students not endurance,Will choose swimming.

　　高中生课业负担本来就已经很重，如果体育测试纳入高考，势必会导致部分学生想尽办法应付考试，不但达不到加强身体素质的目的，反而增加他们的负担。黄老师建议，身体素质的培养是要从小抓起的，并需要持之以恒。对于高中生而言，高中的体育课只要照常上就足可以达到锻炼和运动的目的。按照市教委的统一规定，高中体育课每周安排三课、两操、两活动。

High school students schoolwork burden was already very heavy,If physical test into the college entrance examination,This will lead to some students try their best to cope with the exam,Not only can not reach the purpose of strengthening the physical quality,But they increase their burden.The teacher suggested that yellow,The body quality of the training is to from the grab,And need to perserve.For high school students in,High school physical education as long as usual on foot can achieve exercise and the purpose of the campaign.According to the uniform provisions of the municipal education commission,High school physical education weekly arrangement three classes/Two operating/Two activities.

　　对于体育测试应试化，周孝放也表示反对，他表示现在孩子的学业负担已经够重了，身体素质又差，突然加强体育测试，可能会“物极必反”，万一在测试过程中孩子出问题怎么办？谁来负责？

For sports test takes an exam the change,ZhouXiaoFang also have objections,He said now the child's academic burden is heavy,Physical quality and sent,Suddenly strengthen physical test,may"community",One thousand during test the child problems?Who will be responsible for?

　　

[政策反馈] [policy feedback]

　　

“体育入中考”获初中教师好评 "Sports into tests"The junior middle school teachers' high praise

　　“体育入高考”这件事情还在激烈讨论中，而且持反对意见的家长和老师占大多数，但体育入中考实施几年后，虽然也出现了一些问题，但总体来说，获得了教师的一致好评。

"Sports into the college entrance examination"It is in the fierce discussion,And oppose the majority of parents and teachers,But sports into the implementation of the tests after a few years,Although there have been some problems,But overall,Get the teacher's consistent high praise.

　　

明显感到体育受到家长和学生重视 Obviously felt by parents and students pay attention to sports

　　交华中学体育老师李明说，作为一位从教六年的体育老师，自从工作第三年起中考体育测试成绩计入中考总分后，能明显感觉到家长和学生对于体育的重视。有了中考这根“指挥棒”的引导，对于体育锻炼，首先敏感和重视起来的并非学生，而是家长，他们在看到体育在中考中的“分量”后，常会打电话向老师询问孩子的体育情况和水平，同时也在家积极督促孩子锻炼。

Pay China middle school sports teacher li Ming said,As a teacher of physical education teacher six years,In the third year of work since the tests sports test scores after total included in the tests,Can obviously feel that parents and students to pay more attention to sports.Have tests this"baton"guidance,For physical training,First of all sensitive and attention up not students,But parents,They see in the sports in the tests"component"after,Often make a phone call to the teacher about the child's physical condition and level,At the same time actively supervise children exercise at home.

　　李明说，特别是碰到最令孩子头疼、但是在测试中所占分数比重颇大的耐力跑，通过家长和学校双管齐下的督促，初三学生目前可以较自觉地练习，有些学生还会在吃完晚饭后或周末进行加练，部分家长还会陪伴在旁，拿着秒表起到“监督”的作用。作为体育老师，李明表示，虽然有些学生可能是“被逼”着重视体育，但是看到学生能动起来就是一个好现象。

Li Ming said,Especially to meet the children have a headache/But in the test scores of a large proportion of the stamina to run,Through the parents and school work along both lines urged,Grade students can now more consciously practice,Some students will be in after dinner or JiaLian weekend,Some parents will accompany side,With a stopwatch"supervision"role.As a sports teacher,Li Ming said,Although some students may be"Be forced"To pay attention to sports,But see students move up is a good phenomenon.

　　

初中低年级学生体育课也不再“放羊” Junior high school junior student physical education will no longer"sheep"

　　不仅初三学生如此重视体育，初中低年级的学生也越来越表现出对于体育的关注程度，体育课不再是“放羊课”，因为从2012年的体育中考结构和分值中可以看出，30分的总分分为统一考试和日常考核两个部分，两者各占15分，所以平时成绩也十分重要。李明说，有些初二生的家长就会对孩子的体育提早做准备。

Not only so much grade students in sports,Junior middle school lower grade students also more and more show for sports attention degree,Physical education is no longer"Sheep class",Because from 2012 sports tests structure and can be seen in the score,30 points total score is divided into unified exam and daily assessment two parts,Both of the 15 points,So usually the result is also very important.Li Ming said,Some of the parents will be born early in children's sports to prepare ahead of time.

　　

[新闻直击] [news direct]

　　

大学招办：体育好也能获名校自招加分 University manages:Sports good can also won the school since the recruit bonus

　　虽然上海市教委表示，体育纳入高考目前还没有明确的时间表。并且，任何中考、高考的政策制定发布都要经过详细的论证，还要提前三年告知学生家长，因此高三生家长没有必要为此担心。但是很多高校为了改变学生日益下降的身体素质这一状况，开始积极探索学生录取衡量标准，开始陆续将体质测试纳入自主招生考核范畴。

Although Shanghai municipal education commission, said,Sports into the college entrance examination is still no clear timetable.and,Any tests/College entrance examination's policy will be released after detailed argumentation,Three years prior to inform the parents of the students,So high my parents did not need to worry about that.But many universities in order to change students' declining physical quality the situation,Began to explore students admission criteria,Begin to roll in the fitness testing in the independent recruitment of students assessment category.

　　清华大学上海招生组负责人薛平教授透露，与前两年一样，清华今年将继续实行体质测试，对学生进行体质健康状况作个客观的评价，共包括对身高、体重、肺活量、握力、台阶运动试验和立定跳远六个项目进行测试。从清华2012年自主招生政策中可以获悉，通过笔试的考生，认为自己的身体素质优秀的，可以自愿选择参加清华根据《国家学生体质健康标准》组织的体质测试。测试成绩优秀的，在自主认定时适当予以优惠。

Tsinghua university professor in Shanghai recruitment groups XuePing revealed,And the first two years,Tsinghua university this year will continue to implement physical test,Undertake to the student physical health as an objective evaluation,Including to height/weight/Lung capacity/Grip strength/Step motion test and the standing long jump six test project.From tsinghua university in 2012 independent admissions policies can be learned,Through the test,Think your body quality good,Can voluntarily choose to participate in tsinghua according to[National student physical health standard]The physical testing organization.Test score good,In the independent deemed appropriate to offer.

　　薛平介绍，清华这么做是希望能够鼓励更多的学生加强体育锻炼，而且确实也有了部分成果。2011年，全国获得体质测试优秀的考生很少，仅是个位数，绝大多数的考生甚至还达不到正常的要求水平，而到了2012年，优秀考生的数量有了增加。

XuePing introduced,Tsinghua university to do so is to hope to be able to encourage more students to strengthen physical exercise,And do have some achievements.In 2011,,The physical test for outstanding students rarely,Is only a number,Most of the students even can not reach the requirements of the normal level,And by 2012,The number of outstanding candidates have increased.

　　有消息称，北京大学也将在2013年的自主招生中首次引入体质测试这一环节，成为继清华之后，第二所在自主招生中启动体质测试的985高校。

A source says,Beijing university will also in 2013 for the first time in the autonomous enrolment into physical test this link,After in the tsinghua university,The second place in the autonomous enrolment start physical test 9and5 university.

　　

建议学生记住7+1>8这个说法 Suggested that students remember 7 + 1>The statement

　　薛平说，清华大学对于体育这一块一向非常重视，“为祖国健康工作五十年”这一口号既体现了清华博大精深的文化理念中重视体育、崇尚体育的一个标志，也成为清华一项重要的办学特色。此外，今年也是清华大学体育部成立100周年的日子。

XuePingShui,Tsinghua university for sports this one has always been very seriously,"For the motherland health work fifty years"This slogan which not only embodies the tsinghua profound culture idea pays more attention to sports/Advocating sports a mark,Tsinghua has become an important school characteristics.In addition,This year is the 100th anniversary of the tsinghua university sports day.

　　清华明文规定体育成绩不及格的学生拿不到学位，还有学生风趣地说道“一天学习8小时不如每天学习7小时再加锻炼1小时”这一“7+1>8”的说法。

Tsinghua expressly sports failing grades of students can't get degree,Some other students tastily said"A day's study eight hours every day than learning 7 hours plus exercise 1 hour"this"7 + 1>and"that.