《教育规划纲要》是“双刃剑”，一方面将民办教育的重要性提升到前所未有的高度；另一方面，立足于建设人力资源强国的大局向民办学校提出了高标准。加上生源困难及大学招生权限逐步下移的冲击，民办高校到了大浪淘沙、优胜劣汰的转型期，即从依靠广告宣传造势竞争，向依靠实力竞争转变；从倚重规模扩张，向打造质量特色品牌、注重内涵发展转变；从摸着石头过河，向注重“两大规律”(教育规律、市场规律)、确保持续发展转变；从补充教育资源不足的“卖方市场”，向提供选择性差异性教育资源的“买方市场”转变；从“家族式”或“合伙人”体制，向建立“两制”(法人治理制度和现代学校制度)转变。总之，对不少学校而言，这不失为决定生死存亡的一场考验。

[Education plan for]is"Double-edged sword",On the one hand will be run by the local people of the importance of education promotion to an unprecedented height;On the other hand,Based on the overall situation of the construction of human resources power to private school puts forward high standards.Students with difficulty and the university admissions authority gradually down impact,Private universities to sweep/Transformation of the survival of the fittest,That is, from rely on advertising competition power,To rely on the strength change competition;From the expansion of the dependence,To make quality characteristic brand/Pay attention to the connotation development change;From crossing the river by groping the stone,To pay attention to"Two big law"(Education law/Market rules)/To ensure the sustainable development change;From the supplementary education resources shortage"Seller's market",To provide selective diversity education resources"A buyer's market"change;from"family"or"partner"system,To build", two systems"(Corporate governance system and modern school system)change.In a word,In many schools to,This is life and death to a test.

　　民办高校如何应对这场考验、登上持续科学发展的时代列车？

Private colleges how to deal with this test/For the development of the science times train?

　一是努力与区域经济发展紧密结合，走地方高校发展道路。 One is the efforts and closely combining the regional economic development,Go local colleges and universities development road.

　　不要好高骛远、一味想打造“国内一流”，首先应心甘情愿地成为“地方院校”，自觉融入当地经济和社会的发展，切实改变许多大学对当地发展贡献率很低的状况。湖南永州职业技术学院建立起农业高科技园，有优质杂交水稻、果蔬、畜禽、花卉苗木、水产品、医药等六个研发中心，为地方经济发展提供人才支撑，有效带动种植养殖业发展，积极促进了当地经济结构调整。

Don't chew/Blindly want to make"Domestic first-class",First of all should be willing to become"Local colleges and universities",Consciously into local economic and social development,To change many universities to local development contribution rate very low status.Hunan YongZhou vocational and technical college set up agricultural high technology park,Have high quality hybrid rice/Fruit and vegetable/Livestock and poultry/Flowers nursery stock/Aquatic products/Medicine and so on six r&d center,For local economic development to provide talent support,Effectively promote the development of plant breeding,Actively promote the local economic structure adjustment.

二是探索成为有特色行业性高校。 The second is to explore a characteristic industry university.

　　根据重点行业特殊需求、定向培养专门人才是谋求发展的重要路径。如中锐集团把握汽车行业急需大批高技能人才的机遇，基于统一的质量控制体系，形成包括直营及合作的多所高职院校在内的汽车高职“联盟”，企业深度介入制定培养计划、开发课程、教材及创新人才培养模式过程，建立起以4S店为依托的学生实习、就业平台，走出一条有特色行业性职教发展的新路。

According to the special demand in key industries/Orientation training professional personnel is an important path to development.Such as the sharp group grasp the auto industry in urgent need of a large number of skilled talents opportunities,Based on the unified quality control system,Formed, including the retail and cooperation of many vocational colleges, vocational car"alliance",Enterprise depth intervention for training plan/Development course/Teaching materials and innovative talents training mode process,Set up to 4 s shop based on students' practice/Employment platform,Out of a distinctive trade vocational education development of the new road.

　三是坚持产学研紧密结合。 Three is to stick to the combination of closely.

　　坚持产学研合作符合经济、科技和教育一体化发展规律，是提高人才培养质量以及把握大局、服务经济社会发展的必由之路。民办高校要以教育链联动产业链，甚至可以在一个品牌专业后面建一个车间、一所工厂、甚至一个公司，鼓励学生在干中学、学中干，工学交替、产学融合。江苏紫琅职业技术学院在校内开办多家高科技企业入驻的“科技园”，开设当地和“长三角”经济圈紧缺人才需求的新型专业，产学研结合构建特色课程体系，校内建6个生产性实训基地，又与校外75家企业签订协议，学生真刀真枪地进行实习实训和生产。毕业生深受欢迎，近三年平均就业率达99％。

To conform to the economic cooperation/Science and technology and education integration development law,Is to improve the quality of talent training and grasp the overall situation/The only way for the development of economic and social services.Private universities should to education chain gang industrial chain,Can even in a professional brand back to build a shop/A factory/Even a company,Students are encouraged to dry middle school/Learn job,Engineering alternate/Production and learning fusion.Jiangsu purple post vocational and technical college on campus open several high-tech enterprises of"Science park",Open local and"Long triangle"Circle, the talented person demand new professional,With the combination of constructing characteristic course system,Campus built six productive practice base,And with external 75 enterprises signed an agreement,Students in real earnest on practice training and production.Graduates are welcome,Nearly three years the average employment rate up to 99%.

四是具有经营理念，善于资本运作和形成经济实力。 Four is a business philosophy,Good at capital operation and the formation of economic strength.

　　教育是特殊产业，民办高校尤其是职业院校的产业属性更加鲜明。民办高校把握产业属性，就是要讲经营、讲成本、讲投入产出，既遵从教育规律，也遵从市场规律，把教育、经济紧密融合、联动发展。公办高校已获得了几十年公共资源的持续投入，而民办学校的一砖一瓦得靠自身筹措。内涵式发展是靠钱堆起来的。当初靠高教规模快速增长机遇获得第一、第二桶金建起的许多民办高校，如今都陷入了缺少资金的困境。是否善于经营及具有整合社会资源，包括在海内外融资和资本运作，形成支撑教育经济实力的能力，成为对民办高校掌门人智慧和能力的又一考验。

Education is a special industry,Private universities especially vocational colleges industry attributes have been even more pronounced.Private universities to grasp the industry attributes,Business is to speak/Speak cost/About input and output,Both follow the education law,Also comply with the laws of the market,The education/Economic closer integration/Linkage development.Public universities has received several decades of public resources for investment,And the school of run by the local people a brick tile depends on their own financing.Connotative development is to rely on money pile up.At the beginning by higher education scale rapid growth opportunity won the first/The second barrel JinJian up many private universities,Now are in the lack of fund predicament.Is good at business and has the integration of social resources,Including both at home and abroad financing and capital operation,Formation support education economic strength ability,As for private universities world wisdom and ability and a test.

　五是要切实完善治理结构。 The fifth is to practically perfect governance structure.

　　按照《民办教育促进法》和《教育规划纲要》要求，依法推行真正具有法律意义的理事会、董事会以及监事制度，是事关维护国家、学校、校长、师生包括举办者自身当前和长远的根本利益，确保学校民主、科学决策与长治久安、持续发展的根本大计。

According to the[Private education promotion law]and[Education plan for]requirements,In accordance with the real significance of carrying out legal council/The board of directors and supervisors system,Are critical to safeguard the state/The school/The principal/The teachers and students including their current and long-term fundamental interests,Ensure that the school democratic/The scientific decision and stability/Sustainable development of the fundamental policy.

六是要由民办教育家办学。 The sixth is to run by the local people running by educators.

　　温家宝总理最先重要地提出“民办教育家”概念。时代呼唤民办教育家队伍的崛起，这是我国民办教育事业持续科学发展的根本保障。民办教育家应具有教育家的基本素养，但又必须具有一般教育家所没有的特质。民办教育家不可能从天上掉下来，只能在实践中产生。

Prime minister wen jiabao put forward the first important"Private educators"concept.Times call for the rise of private educators team,This is our country private education career for the scientific development of the fundamental guarantee.Private educators should have the basic literacy educators,But must have a general educators have not characteristics.Private educators can't fell from the sky,Can only be produced in practice.

　　当前，改革开放以来的第一、二代民办高校举办者、办学者如何向民办教育家的素质靠拢，从中尽快形成一批真正的民办教育家，有必要做到“十个善于”:

The current,Since the reform and opening up first/The second generation of the private universities/How operators to run by the local people the quality of educators close,As soon as possible to form a group of real private educators,It is necessary to do"Ten good at":

　　第一，善于学习，形成高尚师德、奉献精神、人格魅力，深入理解和贯彻党的教育方针，自觉推进素质教育，经常自我反省、纠错、扭偏；不固执己见。第二，善于把握教育规律与推进教育教学基本建设，努力打造质量品牌特色，坚持内涵发展；不急功近利。第三，善于经营学校，懂得市场规律；不犯“书生气”毛病。第四，善于建立现代学校制度，以人为本，尊重教师，靠制度管理；不搞人治。第五，善于知人善任、任人唯贤，重用高素质人才；不搞任人唯亲。第六，善于听取不同、甚至反对的意见；不搞一言堂、家长制。第七，善于民主、科学决策；不靠“拍脑瓜”作决定。第八，善于总结、凝练正确的办学理念、教育思想、学校文化；不让学校成为思想瘠土、文化沙漠。第九，善于形成科学治理结构，打造高素质领军团队，奠定事业持续发展组织保障，不延续初创时期的合伙人、家族管理体制。第十，善于用好、用足政策；不打政策的“擦边球”。

The first,Are good at learning,Form noble virtue/dedication/Personality charm,Deeply understand and implement the party's education policy,Consciously to promote the quality education,Soul-searching often/Error correction/skewed;Not self-will.The second,Good at grasping education law and promote education teaching basic construction,To create quality brand characteristics,Adhere to the connotation development;Don't get rich quick.The third,Is good at business school,Know the laws of the market;make"bookish"fault.The fourth,Good at establishing modern school system,people-oriented,Respect teachers,By system management;No man.The fifth,Good restraining/Appoint people by abilities,Reuse of high quality talents;Don't make cronyism.The sixth,Listens to different/Even against the opinion;Don't make YiYanTang/patriarchal.The seventh,Good democratic/The scientific decision;by"Pat gourds"decide.The eighth,Be good at summing up/Concise correct education concept/Education thought/School culture;Don't let the school be thought soil purposes/Cultural desert.The ninth,Good at to form a scientific governance structure,Create high quality team leader,Lay the business sustainable development organization guarantee,Don't continue startup period partner/Family management system.The first ten,Is good at using good/For the full policy;Don't play policy"Edge ball".

　　(作者季明明系中国民办教育协会副会长、北京教育科学研究院原院长、研究员)

(The author JiMingMing of China private education vice chairman of the association/Beijing education science research institute of the original/The researchers)