本报驻上海记者 李媛

Our newspaper reporter LiYuan in Shanghai

缘起：不满现有的学校教育 有钱有闲 origin:Dissatisfaction with current school education rich leisure

　　当童话大王郑渊洁与儿子郑亚旗“合谋退学”时，这种行为还有些惊世骇俗，但现在，因为不满学校教育而回归家庭的案例遍布我国各地。而国外经验的支持，也让不少家长获得迈出这一步的勇气。

When the king of fairy tale ZhengYuanJie and ZhengYaQi son"Conspiring to drop out of school"when,This kind of behavior and some shock the world,But now,Because of dissatisfaction with the school education and family cases return all over our country.And the support of the foreign experience,Also let many parents get the courage to take this step.

　　几乎所有下定决心让自己的孩子脱离正规学校教育的家长，在阐述原因时都首先提到自己已经对现行的教育体制失去信心。在他们看来，现在的学校教育重复灌输、压抑天性，孩子在重压之下，既不能培养健全的人格，也不能获得有效的知识。迫不得已，这些家长只能自己寻求、摸索一条能够保护孩子们天性的教育之路。

Almost all determined to let their children from normal school education of parents,In this paper the reasons are first mentioned that I have the current education system to lose confidence.In their eyes,Now the school education repeat infusion/Suppress nature,The children are under pressure,Both neither can develop a strong personality,Also cannot obtain the effective knowledge.forced,These parents can oneself seek/Find out a can protect children nature education road.

　　“一是学生在校学习负担比较重，学校的教育理念与家长不一致，家长对目前国家提供的教育的内容和方式不满意，因此希望自己培养孩子；二是有些家长有经济实力和空闲时间。这两个原因凑在一起，一些家长就付诸实践了。”北京师范大学教授、教育部小学校长培训中心主任褚宏启表示。在专家们看来，且不论这些家长选择的教育模式本身有何利弊，这种选择本身就充分反映出一个现实现行的学校教育模式所展现出来的弊端，已经到了不可忽视的程度。而这些不容忽视的问题，恐怕也是“在家上学”队伍日渐呈现扩大趋势的主要原因之一。

"One is the student in the school study burden is heavy,School education idea and parents don't agree,At present the country parents to provide the content and methods of education are not satisfied,So to raise children;The second is some parents have the economic strength and free time.The two reason together,Some parents to be put into practice."Professor of Beijing normal university/The ministry of education primary school principals training center director ChuHongQi said.In the experts it seems,And whether these parents choose education mode itself have any advantages and disadvantages,This choice itself fully reflect a reality the current school education mode appear defects,Has come to the degree of can not be ignored.And these should not be neglected problem,I'm afraid is"At home to go to school"The team is a one of the main causes of enlarging trend.

解剖：揭开“在家上学”的神秘面纱 anatomical:uncover"At home to go to school"Mysterious veil

　　“在家上学”大致可以有以下几种形式：从师资来看，一是完全由家长或持相同理念的几位家长联合担任老师，教授孩子；二是由家长发起，在自己教育的同时也在某些科目上聘请老师；三是由认同“在家上学”理念的人士组建，聘请老师，对外招生。

"At home to go to school"Generally, there are several forms:From the teacher to see,A is entirely up to the parents or the holder of the same concept of several parents united as a teacher,Professor children;The second is initiated by the parents,In his education at the same time in some subjects employ the teacher;The third is the identity"At home to go to school"The idea of a person,Employ the teacher,Foreign enrollment.

　　而从教育内容来看，一种是重在快乐自由，让孩子充分发展天性；一种是重在补齐学校教育所忽视的多方面知识，给孩子未来“成才”打下坚实基础；还有一种走得更远，以读经典为主，学习古文经典和西文经典，借以达到人格和能力的提升。

And from the education content to see,One is happy is free,Let the child full development nature;A is for JiXueJiao education is ignored aspects of knowledge,Give children the future"growing"Lay a solid foundation;Still have a kind of go further,To read classic give priority to,Learning ancient classics and western classical,In order to achieve the personality and the ability of ascension.

　　而无论哪一种形式，都不能不面对法律方面的风险、办学资质上的硬伤。除此之外，这些看上去很美的教育模式，深究之下也暴露出不少家长认识上的误区。

But no matter which kind of form,All have to face the legal aspects of risk/Running qualification of mechanical damage.In addition,These look very beautiful education mode,Under the probe also exposed many misunderstandings on parents.

“桃花源”式教育的认识误区 "Peach garden"Type education of misunderstanding

　　误区一：

Error a:

　　学校的知识教育毫无意义？

The school knowledge education make no sense?

　　不少家长排斥学校教育的首要原因就是认为学校教育重点在于灌输知识，没有把培养孩子的人格放在第一位。但问题的关键在于，学校进行知识教育本身并没有错，出现偏差的是知识教育的内容和传授方式。家长应该做的，是要从知识结构和传授方式上进行纠正。如果因为反感学校向学生灌输“无用知识”，就让“在家上学”的孩子走上只读经典的极端，恐怕就会过犹不及，不利于孩子未来的发展。

Many parents rejection school education is the leading cause of that school education focus is to instill the knowledge,No, the training of the child's personality in the first place.But the problem lies in,School knowledge education itself is not wrong,Appeared deviation is knowledge education content and teaching mode.Parents should do,Is to from the knowledge structure and teaching methods of corrective actions.If because antipathy to school into students"Useless knowledge",let"At home to go to school"Children to read only classic extreme,I'm afraid I will last,To the future development of the child.

　　误区二：

Error two:

　　家庭教育与学校教育势不两立？

Family education and school education at daggers drawn?

　　长久以来，不少家长并没有意识到，即便学校教育已经达到了相当令人满意的水准，家庭教育对孩子来说都是不可或缺的一部分，学校教育与家庭教育并不是能够互相取代的关系，而是相辅相成不可割裂。父母永远是孩子的第一任老师，家长不能把教育的责任完全推给学校。当学校教育不尽如人意时，家长的当务之急不是寻求可以全面代替学校教育的“在家上学”，而是需要反思自己的家庭教育，是不是放大了学校教育的偏差，能不能给孩子必要的补充和纠正？

long,A lot of parents and didn't realize that,Even if the school education has achieved a satisfactory level,The family education for children is an important part of it,School education and family education is not able to replace each other relationship,But supplement each other do not separate.Parents are always the first teachers of the children,Parents can't take education responsibility completely on the school.When the school education when not satisfactory,Parents are not seek urgent can fully replace the school education"At home to go to school",But need to reflect on their family education,The school education is enlarged the deviation,Can you give children the necessary supplement and correction?

　　误区三：

Error three:

　　社交环境可以人为制造？

Social environment can make people?

　　“在家上学”模式让孩子脱离同龄人的主流生活模式，可能会对他们未来融入社会产生不良影响。对此，武汉的7对父母表示，每年会组织孩子到全国游学，参加各种社会活动，“这些孩子比别的孩子拥有更多接触社会的机会”。但褚宏启主任认为，“在学校中，学生可以习得与同龄的同学、与不同年级的学生，甚至与成年人比如老师的交往，这些对他们将来适应社会非常重要的。"在家上学"恐怕没有这么全面的关系学习机会。”

"At home to go to school"Mode lets the child from the mainstream of peers life mode,May their future adverse effects in the society.this,Wuhan seven to parents said,Every organization the child to travel across the country,Take part in all kinds of social activities,"These children than other children have more chances to contact the society".But ChuHongQi director think,"In school,Students can acquisition and age of the students/And different grade students,Even with adults such as the teacher's communication,These for their future adapt to society is very important."At home to go to school"I'm afraid there is not so comprehensive relationship learning opportunities."

　　误区四：

Error four:

　　孩子当成才还是“成人”？

As to children or"adult"?

　　尽管多数家长的初衷和口号都是让孩子自然发展天性，但其教育目标的设定，却又明显表现出期望孩子成为杰出人才的指向性。褚宏启也表示，向他咨询“在家上学”相关事宜的家长中，不少人认为自己的孩子有特别天赋，怕这些天赋毁于学校教育之手。

Although most parents' original intention and slogan is lets the child natural development nature,But the education target setting,Yet clear show expect the child to become an outstanding talent directivity.ChuHongQi also said,Was consulted"At home to go to school"Matters relating to the parents,Many people think that their children have a special talent,Afraid of these talent destroyed the school education of the hand.

　　但也有教育界人士表示，教育中一个尴尬又残酷的现实是，99%的孩子最后都只能成为一个平凡人，但却有99%的家长认为自己的孩子应当是天才。对于大多数孩子而言，让他们拥有一个完整健全的人格，恐怕比成才更加重要。

But there are also educators said,Education in an awkward and cruel reality is,99% of the children finally can only be a ordinary people,But 99% of parents believe that their children should be genius.For most children in,Let them have a complete and healthy personality,I'm afraid than become more important.

出路：“在家上学”应具可持续性 way:"At home to go to school"Should be sustainable

　　“桃花源”式的教育在现代社会注定不能持久。当孩子年幼时，可以无条件接受父母的安排，而当这些“桃花源”中的孩子进入青春期，还会当“隐士”吗？对家长来说，随着时间推移，教育的复杂性和艰巨性恐怕会远远超出他们的想象，也必然会超过他们的能力所及，那时该何以为继？从现实角度而言，当理想的教育境界遭遇升学、求职压力的狙击，是否所有家长和孩子都做好了接受这些风险的准备？

"Peach garden"Type of education in the modern society destined not to last.When the child was young,Can accept the arrangement of the parents,And when these"Peach garden"The child in the puberty,Also will be"hermit"??For parents to,With the passage of time,Education the complexity and difficulty, I'm afraid I will go far beyond their imagination,Also will more than their ability and,Then why the following?From a practical perspective,When the ideal education realm encounter bound/Job stress sniper,Do all parents and children are ready to accept the risk preparation?

　　专家指出正因为争议重重，才不能急于给“桃花源”式教育下定论。中国人民大学社会学教授周孝正表示：“我觉得应该再观察一段时间，现在不能急于下结论，实践才能出真知。”他同时提醒家长，这种教育模式有一定风险，采取行动之前，家长要考虑自己有没有抵御风险、化解风险的能力。北京师范大学教授褚宏启则认为，家长要长远考虑“在家上学”的可持续性问题。“家长教育的能力还是有限的。家长可组成类似于教育互助组的形式，去纠正学校教育的不足，对学校教育形成补充，但不要和学校教育对立起来。”

Experts point out that because of the dispute,Just can't rush to give"Peach garden"Type education conclusions.Chinese people's university professor of sociology ZhouXiaoZheng said:"I think that should be observed for a period of time,Now can't jump to conclusions,Practice ability is the best teacher."He also remind parents,This kind of education mode has certain risk,Before taking action,Parents should consider yourself whether you resist risk/Dissolve the ability of the risk.Professor of Beijing normal university ChuHongQi is considered,The parents should be a long-term view"At home to go to school"Sustainability issues."Parents education ability is limited.Parents can form similar to the education in the form of mutual aid team,To correct the deficiency of school education,For school education form added,But don't oppose and school education."

　　“在家上学”的积极意义在于探索教育模式的多样性。毕竟，随着社会经济文化各方面的发展，人们对教育的需求也更多元，构建更多元化的教育体系，或许才是更现实的出路。

"At home to go to school"Positive significance to explore the education model of diversity.After all,Along with the social economy culture all aspects of development,People to education needs and more diverse,Build more diversified education system,Perhaps is more realistic way.

他国经验 Experiences from other

Home-schooling在美国 Home - schooling in the United States

家庭学校不等于离群索居 Home schooling is not equal to live in solitude

　　目前，美国的50个州都允许“在家上学”（Home-schooling）这种教育方式，学生通过规定的考试，就能获得文凭，并可以选择工作或上大学。不同的州规定不同，有些州有“家庭学校”教育法，规定在家上学必须完成公立学校的法定课程和考试；很多州认定“家庭学校”是私立学校。一旦孩子“在家上学”出现了困难，可以随时进入公立学校。

At present,America's fifty states allow"At home to go to school"(Home - schooling)This kind of education mode,Students through a prescribed test,Can you get the diploma,And can choose to work or go to college.Different states of different provisions,Some states have"Family school"education,Provisions must be completed at home school public school legal course and exam;Many states that"Family school"Is private schools.Once the child"At home to go to school"Appeared difficult,May at any time into the public schools.

　　以美国而言，“在家上学”的原因，可归纳为种族、语言、宗教信仰、文化、地区教育水平差异等因素。有调查显示，大多数让孩子“在家上学”的家长非常注重与其他家庭及社会机构的联系，因此，那种认为“在家上学”需要离群索居的看法是不符合实际的。

In the United States in,"At home to go to school"reason,Can be reduced to race/language/Religious belief/culture/Area education level factors such as difference.Research has shown that,Most lets the child"At home to go to school"Parents very the attention and the other family and social institutions contact,so,that"At home to go to school"Need to live in solitude is of the opinion that does not conform to the actual.

“在家上学”呼唤多元化教育 "At home to go to school"Call diversified education

　　“宁让孩子做自己的试验品，也不做学校的牺牲品”，从这些希望带着孩子进入教育桃花源的武汉家长喊出的口号，可以看出他们对目前教育体制的极度不满。的确，应试教育沉疴难愈，家长们的做法完全可以理解，孩子们可以在家长的介入下让快乐童年多延续一段时间，但从现实来看，终究不太可能与现行的教育体制彻底断绝关系。原因很明显，在家上学看上去很美，但出路何在？且不说家长们能够坚持到何时，更重要的是，如果要在国内上大学，势必回归现有体制。

"Better let the children do their own test product,Don't do the victims of the school",From these hope to take their children into the education of the peach blossom spring, wuhan parents shout slogan,They can see the present education system are very upset.indeed,Takes an exam the education severe and lingering illness refractory,The practice of parents is completely understandable,The children can make long at home in the happy childhood, many continue for a period of time,But from the reality to see,After all is unlikely to and the current education system completely cut off relations.Obvious reasons,At home to go to school looks very beautiful,But where is the outlet?Apart from parents can hold to when,More important is,If you want to go to college in China,Certainly will return to the existing system.

　　其实，现行的教育体制在形成完整的知识体系和对孩子的团体合作等方面的培养上是有优势的，只是个性化不足。而“在家上学”的桃花源正是家长对小众化、个性化教育的探索，也是对公共教育多元化的呼吁。

In fact,The current education system in the form a complete knowledge system and to the child's group cooperation of culture is a definite advantage,Just lack of individuation.and"At home to go to school"The peach garden is the parents to the small change/Personalized education exploration,Also on public education calls for diversification.

　　将“在家上学”的孩子纳入公共教育的轨道，国外已有很多成功的例子。允许孩子在家接受个性化教育，但并非放任自流，更是需要通过和学校教育一样的考核。这样，既可以让孩子和家长们有更多的选择，也能最大限度地减少风险。更重要的是，多元化的教育方式，有助于培养多元化的人才。这更符合教育的本义。从这个意义上来说，如果“在家上学”能够为应试教育的转型打开一个口子，当是大幸。（谭敏）

will"At home to go to school"Children into the orbit of public education,Abroad have had many successful examples.Allow your child to accept individualized education,But not easy,But also need through the and school education the same assessment.this,Can let the children and parents have more choices,Also can minimize the risk.More important is,Diversified education mode,Diversity helps to cultivate talents.This conforms to the original meaning of education.In this sense,if"At home to go to school"The transformation of education examination to open a hole,Be is a good.(TanMin)

　　转自广州日报

Turn from guangzhou daily