1月6日，龙川县贝岭镇中心幼儿园。享受了元旦小长假后的小朋友一听到老师宣布放学，迫不及待坐上门口接送的面包车等待回家。

On January 6,,Longchuan county BeiLing town center kindergarten.Enjoy the New Year's day small long vacation after the children at the school the teacher announced,Can't wait to sit on the door pick-up minibus waiting for home.

　　天真无邪的小朋友完全觉察不到，在他们欢声笑语的回家路背后，却埋伏着一颗“定时炸弹”限载8人的面包车，最多时竟然塞进了20多名学生。

Innocent children totally unaware,In their laughter behind the way home,But a lie in wait for him"Time bomb"Limit load and the van,Most time actually plug into the more than twenty students.

　　龙川县教育局负责人和记者谈及校车安全时满脸不安和恐惧，坦承“校车失范已经成为悬在头上的一把剑！”

Longchuan county education bureau chief and reporters about school bus safety face when anxiety and fear,admits"The school bus anomie has become a suspension in the head of a sword!"

　　“定时炸弹”往往不买“侥幸心理”的账。去年12月24日下午，江西省贵溪市滨江镇一辆载有15名幼儿园学生的7座面包车侧翻，致11名儿童死亡。

"Time bomb"Often don't buy"Fluke mind"account.On December 24, in the afternoon,Jiangxi province town of binjiang help a bus carrying 15 kindergarten students' 7 minibuses side turn,The 11 children died.

　　上周，南方日报记者在河源市龙川县调查走访发现，乡村幼儿园普遍存在使用违规校车和校车超载的现象。

Last week,Southern daily reporter in heyuan city longchuan county survey found that visit,Widespread use of rural kindergarten school bus and school bus overload phenomenon.

　　

超载屡禁不止??8座面包塞进20多名学生 Overload repeated the more than??8 a bread plug into more than twenty students

　　1月6日下午4时许，到了贝岭镇中心幼儿园的放学时间，一白一黄两辆面包车先后开到校门口，等待着接送学生回家。

On January 6, at about 4 in the afternoon,The BeiLing town center kindergarten school time,One white one HuangLiang van has been open to the school gate,Waiting for the shuttle students go home.

　　随后，在幼儿园老师的安排下，约60名小朋友先后坐上面包车。南方日报记者看到，限坐12人的黄色金杯面包车车身并无“校车”标志，18名儿童被陆续塞入车内，加上随行老师和司机已达20人。面包车内小朋友挤在一起，由于人数过多，后上车的小朋友只能站在车厢狭窄的过道，两手紧紧扶着椅子靠背。

then,In the kindergarten teacher's arrangement,About sixty name children has sat down in the van.Southern daily reporter saw,Limit to sit and yellow gold cup minibus body and no"School bus"mark,In eighteen children were into the car,Accompanying with the teacher and the driver for twenty people.Minibus in children crowded together,Due to too many number,Then get in children can only stand in the car the narrow corridor,His hands tightly hold the chair.

　　关上车门后，面包车开始由镇上驶向乡村。沿途中，面包车走走停停，学生的爷爷奶奶在路边等待，接走放学的孙辈。

Shut the door after,Minibus from the start of the town to rural.Along the,Minibus to walk off,Students grandma and grandpa on the roadside waiting for,After school go grandchildren.

　　白色面包车的超载现象更显得触目惊心。当日下午记者两次看到该车接送孩子。该五菱微型面包车限坐8人。第二次返回接送时却被塞入超过20名学生，2名随行教师和司机最后也挤入车中。

White van of overload phenomenon more deceived.That day afternoon two reporters saw the car shuttle children.The SVC minibus limit by eight people.The second return transfers but into more than twenty students,Two accompanying teachers and driver finally also pile in car.

　　幼儿园园长李老师向记者坦承，该幼儿园的确存在超载现象。她解释，冬天天黑早，家长也催着幼儿园把孩子送回去，因此有时为了赶时间就会超载。她同时告诉记者，两辆接送学生的面包车并没有申请到校车证，司机也没有校车驾驶资格。

Kindergarten teacher li calls to the reporter admits,The kindergarten really do exist overload phenomenon.She explain,In winter it gets dark early,Parents also drives the kindergarten children back,So sometimes in order to catch time will overload.She also told reporters,Two car shuttle students' coach did not apply for the school bus card,The driver also does not have the school bus driver qualification.

　　记者在龙川调查发现，乡村幼儿园校车超载现象较为普遍。南方日报记者在龙川县贝岭、麻布岗、赤光等镇蹲点调查时，多次看到负责接送幼儿园学生的面包车出现超载。这些面包车多数限坐9人以下，但车中的学生人数往往多为数十人。

Reporter in longchuan survey found,Rural kindergarten school bus overload phenomenon is relatively common.Southern daily reporter in longchuan county BeiLing/Linen thin/Red light, etc CunDian town survey,Many see is responsible for the shuttle kindergarten students' minibus appear overload.The minibus most limit sit under nine people,But the car number of students are often more for dozens of people.

　　麻布岗镇金太阳幼儿园园长告诉记者，其幼儿园需要接送的学生人数为60多人，自家的14座面包车通常分三次将孩子接送，每次人数在18至21名之间。

Linen duty town gold sun kindergarten the principal told reporters,The number of students in kindergarten need airport transfer is sixty people,His 14 minibuses usually three times children transfers,Each number and name to 21 between.

　　龙川县教育局一负责人向记者证实，该县多次查禁超载幼儿园学生的校车，但超载现象屡禁不止。

Longchuan county education bureau director confirmed to reporters,The multiple suppressed overload kindergarten students' school bus,But overload phenomenon repeated the more than.

　　

低成本高风险??生源大战忽视校车安全 Low cost high risk??Germ war neglect school bus safety

　　龙川县多名幼儿园负责人接受记者采访时无奈表示，他们没有能力改变现状，只能做个赌徒，押上侥幸的筹码，去买“幸运”的结局。

Longchuan county more than in kindergarten when accepting a reporter to interview but said,They have no ability to change the status quo,Can only be a gambler,And on a chip,To buy"lucky"end.

　　贝岭镇中心幼儿园园长李老师告诉记者，学生来自附近的4个管区约10个自然村，路程最远的学生家距离超过10公里。“学生多为留守儿童，老人拄着拐杖接送孩子，山路也不好走，如送家太晚就不方便。”她还表示，每天接送学生须耗时两个小时左右。“超载也是为了节省时间。”

BeiLing town center kindergarten calls Mr Li told reporters,Students from nearby four domain about ten natural village,The farthest distance journey home students more than 10 kilometers."Many students for left-behind children,The old man on crutches shuttle children,Mountain road is bad also to go,If send home too late is not convenient."She also said,Daily shuttle students are required to take two hours or so."Overload is to save time."

　　在贝岭镇，校车是维系幼儿园和周边村留守儿童的一条纽带。“镇上的幼儿园离家太远，不接送的话大人就没办法出去打工，家里老人也不能干农活。”

In BeiLing town,The school bus is the maintenance kindergarten and surrounding village left-behind children a bond."The town's kindergarten is too far away from home,Don't shuttle words adults, we won't be able to work out,Home the old man can't to do farm work any more."

　　贝岭镇中心幼儿园创办于1998年，弥补了该镇学前教育的空白。但在各地频发校车事故之后，李园长感到校车犹如一把利剑悬在头上，她压力很大，很多次想把幼儿园关闭。但是，学生家长的真诚请求也让她经常为此纠结。

BeiLing town center kindergarten was founded in 1998,Make up the town preschool education of blank.But in frequent around school bus after the accident,LiYuan long felt the school bus is like a sword hanging in his head,She under a lot of pressure,A lot of times to the kindergarten closed.but,The parents of the students sincere request also let she often to ravel.

　　不仅如此，日益增加的校车成本，已经成为压垮乡村幼儿园的最后一根稻草。“校车不超载，幼儿园根本开不下去。”麻布岗镇一家幼儿园园长徐丽芬(化名)告诉南方日报记者。

Not only that,The increasing cost of the school bus,Has become overwhelmed by rural kindergarten the last straw."Don't overload the school bus,Kindergarten fundamental open not go down."Linen duty town a kindergarten XuLiFen calls(alias)Tell southern daily reporter.

　　在龙川县教育局副局长骆新田看来，校车超载的根源在于各幼儿园的“恶性竞争”“幼儿园为了抢生源，竞相把入园价格压得很低，校车超载能减低幼儿园运营成本。然而，却忽视了校车安全隐患。”

In longchuan county education bureau deputy director LuoXin field looks,The school bus is the root cause of the overload of the kindergarten"Vicious competition""Kindergarten students to rob,To put into the price pressure very low,The school bus overload can reduce the operation cost kindergarten.however,But ignore the school bus safety hidden trouble."

　　黄布镇的民办幼儿园生态是“恶性竞争”的一个缩影。

Yellow cloth town private kindergarten ecological is"Vicious competition"A miniature of the.

　　黄布镇欧江村幼儿园王姓副园长告诉记者，以前开幼儿园，每学期收费650元，后来不得不降价，价钱低引来了300多个小朋友，但人一多，安全隐患自然增多。

Yellow cloth town ou jiang village kindergarten wang vice the principal told reporters,Open kindergarten before,Each semester fee is 650 yuan,Then have to depreciate,Low price attracted more than 300 children,But more than a,Safety hidden trouble of natural increase.

　　

“一村一园”新举措??村级幼儿园保证学生安全 "Or a garden"New measures??Village kindergarten ensure students' safety

　　2010年，龙川县教育局在麻布岗镇推行统一的入园收费标准，制止民办幼儿园之间的恶性竞争，要求开在镇中心的三家幼儿园均把学费上调至1200元，希望保证幼儿园利润之后，能够规范幼儿园的管理，尤其是要杜绝超载，保证校车安全。

In 2010,,Longchuan county education bureau in linen duty town implement unified into the charging standard,Stop the vicious competition between private kindergarten,Request to open in the center of town, three kindergarten all tuition increase to 1200 yuan,Hope that the kindergarten after profits,To regulate the management of the kindergarten,Especially to put an end to overload,Ensure school bus safety.

　　然而，麻布岗镇一家不愿透露姓名的园长告诉记者，提价仍未消除恶性竞争，竞争太激烈，有些幼儿园私下降价，因此超载现象仍然屡禁不止。

however,Linen duty town a did not wish to be named, told reporters the principal,The price is still not eliminate the malignant competition,Too fierce competition,Some private kindergarten price,So overload phenomenon still repeated the more than.

　　为此龙川县教育局再出“分蛋糕”策略。去年4月，负责监管当地幼儿园的麻布岗镇中心小学校长黄超林将镇上其他幼儿园的负责人找来商量，协调各幼儿园划分好接送孩子“范围”，一为杜绝“价格战”，二为防止各园的校车到处接送学生，从而降低学生接送风险。

Therefore longchuan county bureau of out again"Points cake"strategy.Last April,Responsible for the local kindergarten linen duty town center primary school principals HuangChaoLin will be in charge of the other kindergarten in the town to find to consult,To coordinate the kindergarten children into good transportation"range",To put an end to a"Price war",To prevent the point of the school bus transport students everywhere,In order to reduce the risk of transportation students.

　　此方案并未得到其他三家幼儿园的同意。一位不愿透露姓名的园长表示，有的幼儿园开的时间长、学生多，有些幼儿园自认条件强、前景好，自然不愿划定招生范围。

The plan did not get the consent of the other three kindergarten.One does not wish to disclose the name of the principal said,Some kindergartens open for a long time/Many students,Some kindergarten identity conditions is strong/Prospect is good,Nature is not willing to delimit recruit students limits.

　　在校车安全的高压下，龙川县教育局表示将力推此方案。龙川县教育局副局长骆新田认为，这是一项多赢的举措，提高学费保证了幼儿园的利润，保证校车运营费用；划分招生范围将减少校车接送距离，减少发生事故的风险。

In the school bus safety under high pressure,Longchuan county education bureau says it will push this plan.Longchuan county education bureau deputy director LuoXin field think,This is a win-win action,Increase tuition fees to ensure the profit of the kindergarten,Ensure that the school bus operating costs;Division recruit students limits will reduce the transportation distance,To reduce the risk of accident.

　　黄超林的最新方案是要求各幼儿园“轮流坐庄”，每年轮换各自的招生范围。除此之外龙川县教育局还准备推行“一村一园”新举措。依据要求，乡镇要建立一所镇级中心幼儿园，4000人口以上的行政村要建立村级幼儿园。

HuangChaoLin latest plan is to require the kindergarten"Dealer in turn",Each year the recruit students limits of rotation.Besides longchuan county education bureau also ready to implement"Or a garden"New measures.According to the requirements,Township to build a ZhenJi center kindergarten,More than 4000 people of the administrative villages to build village kindergarten.

　　按照龙川县教育局的部署，首先调高幼儿园学费以保障利润，然后利用各村闲置的村级小学校舍借予有意投资幼儿园的个人，“公私联办”幼儿园；当“一村一园”成为现实后，禁止镇幼儿园长距离跨镇、跨村招生，保证学生接送安全。

Longchuan county bureau in accordance with the deployment,First up kindergarten fees to guarantee profits,Then use the villages made idle village primary schools to borrow to investment kindergarten personal,"Joint public and private"kindergarten;when"Or a garden"Become reality,Ban town kindergarten long across town/Cross village recruit students,Ensure that students transportation safety.

　　照此方案，龙川县计划将以黄布镇作为试点。该镇共6个村，现有5所幼儿园，1所位于镇上，4所位于村里，基本实现“一村一园”。除其中一间村级幼儿园没有校车外，其他4所均配备了校车。

According to this scheme,Longchuan county plan will be yellow cloth town as a pilot.The town a total of 6 village,There are 5 kindergartens,One is located in the town,4 is located in the village,Basic realization"Or a garden".In addition to one of the village kindergarten school bus no,The other 4 are equipped with the school bus.

　　黄布镇中心幼儿园园长黄培常告诉记者，2012年起黄布镇将幼儿园学费统一至每学期1380元，其中校车费为350元。“以前超载是成本需要，现在车费都调到了350元，再超载就说不过去了，我们查到了也会严厉处理”。

Yellow cloth town center kindergarten the principal HuangPeiChang told reporters,Since 2012, yellow cloth town kindergarten fees will be unified to 1380 yuan per semester,The school fare for 350 yuan."Before overload is cost need,Now the fare is transferred to 350 yuan,He said not to overload the past,We found that will also be dealt with harshly".

　　龙川市教育局相关负责人透露，黄布镇的试点经验正逐步向其他镇推广。

Longchuan city bureau of education related person in charge said,Yellow cloth town of pilot experience is gradually to other town promotion.

　　

校车审批难题??现行标准过高难以获批 School bus approval problem??The current standard is too high to approved

　　黄培常的苦恼并非只有超载，还有校车审批也让他非常“头痛”。

HuangPeiChang distress is not only overload,And the school bus approval also let him very"headache".

　　去年出台的《校车安全管理条例》使得校车准入门槛不断提高，而新标准却难适应农村的实际情况。诸多困境之下，校车这根连接留守儿童和幼儿园的唯一纽带被越勒越紧。

Last year on the introduction of the[The school bus safety management regulations]Make the school bus admittance threshold continuously improve,The new standard is difficult to adapt to the actual situation of rural areas.Under many difficulties,The school bus this connection left-behind children and kindergarten is the only link the le more tight.

　　黄培常说，《校车安全管理条例》出台后，加上最近校车事故频发，河源市校车监管部门提高了校车证的审批标准。门槛提高后，乡镇幼儿园发现自购、租用的面包车已很难获得审批。

HuangPeiChang said,[The school bus safety management regulations]Issued after,With the latest school bus accident frequency,Heyuan city school bus supervision department to improve the school bus card approval standards.Threshold increase,Township kindergarten find that the purchase/Rented van has been difficult to get approval.

　　“我们的校车是一辆9座的五菱面包车，之前这样的面包车可以办校车证，现在却说不行了。这个问题我也没有办法解决，但购买‘大鼻子’专用校车需要十几万元，远非我们这样的乡村幼儿园可以承担。”

"Our school bus is one of the seat and SVC minibus,Before such a minibus can BanJiao car card,Now said that won't be possible.This problem I also have no way to solve,But buying‘nose’Special school bus need several hundred thousand yuan,This is far from our country kindergarten can bear."

　　有类似烦恼的绝非黄布镇的幼儿园。麻布岗镇幼儿园园长徐丽芬告诉记者，其幼儿园有两辆同样的校车，之前一辆还能申请校车证，另一辆在去年申请时却遭到了拒绝。“我按要求安装报警器和摄像头，现在还不知道能不能通过。”

Have a similar worry is not yellow cloth town kindergarten.Linen duty calls the kindergarten XuLiFen told reporters,The kindergarten has two cars of the same school bus,Before one can apply for the school bus card,The other one last year in application but was turned down."I press asks to install alarm and cameras,Now also don't know can be through."

　　河源市公安局交警支队交管科负责人接受南方日报记者采访时表示，国家出台的《校车安全管理条例》和《机动车运行安全技术条件》针对校车有着非常细致的要求，校车的审批就是按这些标准进行，但由于标准定得非常高，因此地方县级监管部门在审批时会适当放宽。“如果要严格按照条例管理的话，全省困难地区的乡镇校车可能大部分是不合格的。”

Heyuan city public security bureau traffic police detachment traffic department person in charge to accept southern daily reporter to interview said,The country has issued[The school bus safety management regulations]and[The safe operation of motor vehicles and technical conditions]According to the requirements of the school bus has a very detailed,The school bus is the examination and approval according to these standards,But due to the standard set very high,So local supervision department at or above the county level in the examination and approval, relax appropriately."If you want to in strict accordance with the regulations if management,The difficult areas of village and township school bus most likely is not qualified."

　　徐丽芬说，也不是没有想过买一部专用校车(设计和制造上专门用于运送学生的专用校车)，但只有一部校车根本来不及接送孩子，而且必须是拿A牌的司机才能开专用校车，聘请司机的成本太高。

XuLiFen said,Also have no thought to buy a special school bus(Design and manufacture of special used to transport the students' special school bus),But only a school bus shuttle children basic too late,And must be take A card driver to open special school bus,Hire the driver's cost is too high.

　　另外一个现实问题是，专用校车在乡村道路上难以行驶。龙川县教育局一负责人表示，山区很多路都是山路，按规定9座以上车不能进山村乡道，因此很多幼儿园校车都是7座改8座的。

In addition a real problem is,Special school bus in the country on the road to driving.Longchuan county bureau of a person in charge said,A lot of mountain road mountain road,According to regulations and seat above the car could not enter the mountain village township roads,So a lot of kindergarten school bus is the seat of the seat to eight.

　　根据龙川县教育局出示的2012年春节校车基本情况调查显示，全县所有已办证幼儿园中，共有87家幼儿园使用校车，其中21家幼儿园没办校车证，26家未申领校车标牌，22家校车没安装GPS，按照《校车安全管理条例》，这些车辆都不能提供校车服务。

Longchuan county bureau according to produce the 2012 Spring Festival school bus basic situation survey,The all already rush in the kindergarten,A total of 87 kindergarten use the school bus,21 home kindergarten didn't BanJiao car card,26 did not apply for the school bus plate,22 home school bus didn't install GPS,According to the[The school bus safety management regulations],These vehicles can't provide school bus service.

　　

记者观察 Reporter observed

　　

乡镇超载校车折射 Township overload school bus refraction

　　

学前教育投入匮乏 Preschool education lack of investment

　　记者调查发现，由于贫困地区学前教育事业发展整体弱小，偏远山区的幼教事业多依靠民营幼儿园的本能力量支撑，在此情况下，轻易指责其校车“不合规范”有失公允，但另一方面，普遍存在的超载现象使得校车安全隐患随时都会被引爆。

Reporter survey found,Due to poor district preschool education career development overall weak,Remote mountainous area of preschool education cause more rely on private kindergarten instinct power support,In this case,Easily accuse the school bus"Out standard"Beneath the fair,But on the other hand,The prevalence of overload phenomenon that school bus safety hidden danger will be detonated at any time.

　　长期关注农村校车问题的专家、东北师范大学农村教育研究所所长邬志辉表示，不能把公办的幼儿园仅仅办在乡镇，要在村子里办幼儿园。用过去留下的教室，在“村校”中设置附校幼儿园，“校中园”或者独立设置幼儿园，这样对保障“入园率”是有好处的。如果能“就近入园”的话，校车的问题就解决了。

Long-term focus on rural school bus specialist/The northeast normal university rural education institute director WuZhiHui said,Not only do public kindergarten in villages and towns,In the village to do the kindergarten.In the past left the classroom,in"CunJiao"Set up the extension kindergarten,"In the school garden"Or independent setting kindergarten,So to ensure"RuYuanLv"Is good.If you can"Nearby in the"words,The school bus problem is solved.

　　邬志辉于2011年大范围调查国内村庄校车情况后认为，幼儿园校车问题确实比较突出，包括超载问题、不合格校车问题，折射出优质幼儿园的缺乏，以及乡镇学前教育投入的匮乏。

WuZhiHui in 2011 big range investigation domestic village school bus after that,Kindergarten school bus problem is really outstanding,Including overload problem/Unqualified school bus problem,Reflects the lack of high quality kindergarten,Preschool education of villages and towns and the lack of investment.

　　华南师范大学学前教育系主任教授杨宁则表示，幼儿园和中小学不一样，本身强调就近入园，之所以会出现校车问题，根本在于幼儿园为了抢生源，提高“服务”，从而产生校车问题。杨宁认为，“在农村，走路就能上幼儿园，校车是人为增加的一个服务，容易造成社会资源浪费”。

South China normal university pre-school education department head professor YangNingZe said,Kindergarten and primary and secondary school is not the same,Itself in the emphasis on nearby,The reason for causing the school bus problem,Root lies in the kindergarten to the students,improve"service",So as to produce the school bus problem.YangNing think,"In the countryside,Walk to go to kindergarten,The school bus is artificial increased a service,Easy to cause the waste of social resources".

　　针对校车的提供主体，邬志辉认为，可以采用多元化的方式。一个是可以采用政府的公交系统提供，如果地方的公交系统比较发达的话，就不要搞单独的校车；第二是可以由社会来提供，由社会专营的公司按照标准化来提供，而不是由校方来提供。

According to the school provide subject,WuZhiHui think,Can use the way of diversification.One is can use the government's public transport system provides,If local bus system is developed words,Don't make a separate school bus;The second is to be able to by the society to provide,The company specializes in the society in accordance with the standard to provide,Not by the school to provide.

　　他表示，幼儿园校车问题可尝试走向社会化。学校跟家长之间可建立起一种合同关系，共同来购买这种服务。一旦出了问题，还可以由保险公司来提供理赔服务，这样就能把学校解放出来，让它专心投入到教育的本质任务中。

He said,Kindergarten school bus problem can try to socialization.Between school and parents can establish a contractual relationship,Common to buy this kind of service.Once out of the question,Can the insurance company to provide claims service,So you can make free school,Let it devoted herself to the nature of education in the task.

　　笔者认为，当下，留守儿童是不容忽视的社会现象。照顾孩子的老人往往无力接送孩子，校车是联系孩子的幼儿园的唯一纽带。在承认农村幼教的发展离不开校车的情况下，政府可以考虑为农村幼儿园购买校车进行补贴，加大针对基层幼教的教育资金投入。校车安全标准日渐提高，如果资金没到位，安全自然就成为了空谈。陈晨 杨大正 姚雪乔

The author thinks that,the,Left-behind children is not allow to neglect social phenomenon.The old man often take care of the children unable to ferry their children,The school bus is the only contact the child's kindergarten link.While acknowledging the rural preschool education's development is inseparable from under the condition of the school bus,The government can consider for the rural kindergarten school bus purchase subsidies,Increase in basic education of preschool education funds.The school bus safety standards are increasing,If the money didn't reach the designated position,Security naturally became the talk.ChenChen YangDaZheng YaoXueQiao