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　　日前，在南京一场致敬民国十位教育家的艺术展上，南京一位语文老师马翼翔带领他的10多名学生“重现老课堂”的讲学表演，格外引人注目。事后记者了解到，马翼翔开办了目前所知的南京唯一一家公益民国课堂，使用的正是当时热卖以致脱销的《开明国语课本》。两年来，课堂日益受家长追捧，从最初的8个学生到现在的180人。 实习生 张欣

a,A salute in nanjing (ten educators on art,Nanjing a Chinese teacher MaYiXiang led his more than ten students"Reproduction old class"'s lectures on performance,Particularly noticeable.Afterwards the reporter understands,MaYiXiang opened as far as the only one of the republic of nanjing public class,It was at that time that use lots of out of stock[Enlightened mandarin textbooks].Two years,The classroom is to chase after hold in both hands by parents,From the initial eight students to 180 now. Interns ZhangXin

　　从2002年，马翼翔开始从事语文教学，初识民国老课本是2010年春天的事。那时，他第一次在凤凰周刊上看到几篇民国语文课，“那是一种一见钟情的感觉”。其中一篇是蔡元培、张元济两位先生所编《陪客》，配插画，“儿邀客入，请客上坐，己在下位陪之，客有问，则谨答之。客去，儿送至门外”。马老师觉得“陪客从娃娃抓起，比电脑从娃娃抓起更具人性，这些基本的东西是孩子需要的，应该教给孩子”，但在小学课本里并没有。此外，没有类似于“老师带病上课”的道德说教，“这是老课本最珍贵的地方”。

From 2002,MaYiXiang begin to engage in Chinese teaching,Taste (old textbooks is in the spring of 2010 things.then,The first time he saw several in phoenix journal article (Chinese classes,"It is a feeling of love at first sight".One article is CAI yuanpei/ZhangYuanJi two gentleman assigned[where],With illustrations,"Son invited guest into,Treat sitting on,Has the next bit accompany,Guest have asked,Is to answer the.Guest to,Son sent to the door".Teacher ma think"Where grab from baby,Than computer grab from baby more human nature,These basic things are children need,Should teach children",But in the primary school textbook and no.In addition,No similar to"A teacher in class"moralizing,"This is the most precious place old books".

　　课堂外立着一个“常识、经典、快乐、童趣”的宣传牌，这也是他的教学目标。记者看到，在他的课堂上，每当提问，孩子们总是急切地举手，孩子们的回答或表演也总是得到欢呼雀跃的回应。上《春天来了》课文时，孩子们对春天的感受五花八门。“风吹在身上暖暖的”，“大公鸡叫的早了”，“你看他不在‘春眠不觉晓’吗”，一个女孩子指向正在打盹的男同学，引来一片欢笑。上《客人和主人》一课，他让孩子们表演如何待客。他从来不给孩子布置作业，顶多是课文中讲到小河小草，让孩子回家观察自家周围有什么。最让他得意的是，一个男孩关于秋叶的创意回答，“像披着黄色披风的蝙蝠侠飞下。”

Standing outside the classroom a"Common sense/classic/happy/Tong qu"Billboard signs of,This is his teaching goal.The reporter sees,In his class,When asking questions,The children are always eager to raise your hand,The children's answer or performance always get joy response.on[Spring is coming]When the,The children feel about spring is multifarious."The wind in the body warm","Rooster called early","You see he is not‘I awake light-hearted this morning of spring’?",A girl was taking a nap to male students,Draw a piece of laughter.on[Guest and host]A class,He told the children show how to entertain guest.He never give children homework,At most is the passage about the river grass,Let the child go home to observe their around??????.The most let him proud is,A little boy about autumn leaves creative answer,"Like is covered with yellow cloak of batman fly off."

　　马老师说，一定要鼓励他们说出自己的感受，而不是一提到春天就是“万物复苏”，提到冬天就是“大雁往南飞”，提到秋叶就是“像黄蝴蝶”。“一二级孩子最主要的任务就是感受，他们亲身最真实的感受。告诉他们那么多道理，孩子自己的思想就长不出来了。”马老师的原则是，“说自己的话，留意身边的事”。到2012年9月，第二学期开始，从一个公益班逐渐增加到5个班180人。

The horse the teacher said,Must encourage them to talk about their feelings,Rather than a spring is mentioned"blooms",Mentioned that winter is"Wild geese flying south",Mentioned akiha is"Like yellow butterfly"."12 children the main task is to feel,They personally the most true feelings.Tell them so much truth,Children of the mind is long not to come out."The teacher's principle is horse,"Said his words,Pay attention to things around".To September 2012,The second semester began to,From a public class gradually increased to 5 class 180 people.

　　免费课堂曾遇难题 Free class has encountered problems

　　热心家长帮他招生，老课本一度脱销 Enthusiastic parents help him recruit students,Old textbooks once sold out

　　2010年9月马翼翔的民国课堂开始了，目标学生是幼儿园大班到小学一二年级的孩子，但苦于当时老课本脱销，他的“教材”就是从网上、杂志上零散收集的10篇课文。最初课堂只有8个学生，碍于教材限制，仅有的这几个学生也不能正常来。

In September 2010, the republic of MaYiXiang class began,Target students are kindergarten class to elementary school second grade children,But it was the old books out of stock,his"materials"Is from the Internet/Magazine scattered collection of 10 text.First class only eight students,Due to the limited materials,Only the few students also can't normal to.

　　这种情况持续到2011年，在他觉得开不下去的时候，有些热心支持的家长帮他“招生”。2011年底，他终于订到叶圣陶、丰子恺所编的《开明国语课本》。记者翻开这本书，标题诸如《三只牛吃草》、《小鸡都不识》、《田里的菜》，配上插画，一片田园景象。这是1932年，叶圣陶编写、丰子恺配插画的小学国语书，1937年在战火中遗失，直到2005年再度发现并印发第一版。但当别人还在“散买”时，他已经决定开一个公益班，“主要为了普及这些老课本，免费才能吸引人来。”

This continued until 2011,He felt he couldn't open it in time,Some of the enthusiastic support of parents to help him"Recruit students".By the end of 2011,He finally order to organizing/Feng zikai's organized[Enlightened mandarin textbooks].Reporter reading this book,Titles such as[Three cows eat grass]/[The chicken is not to know]/[Field food],With illustrations,A piece of pastoral scenes.This is 1932 years,Organizing writing/Feng zikai with illustrations of primary school Chinese books,In 1937, the war is lost,Until 2005, and again and found that the first edition.But when someone is still in"Bulk buy"when,He has decided to open a public class,"Mainly for the purpose of popularizing these old books,Free to attract people to."

　　2012年春天再开学，民国班已有30名学生，自此才开始系统教学。马翼翔介绍，课堂免费提供课本，每周上一次课，一年分两个学期，每学期3个月教10多篇课文。2012年9月，另一位陈迅喆老师加入，目前学生也增加到了180人。

In the spring of 2012 the again,The republic of class for thirty students,Since then began teaching system.MaYiXiang introduced,Class provide free books,Last lesson a week,A year is divided into two semesters,Each semester 3 months to teach more than 10 text.In September 2012,Another 陈迅喆 teacher to join,The student also increased to 180 people.

　　在马老师的上课统计表上，每个班近40人，每次签到的为30人左右。在马老师所带的60个孩子中，有5名学生放弃。

In the teacher's class on the table,Each class nearly forty people,Every time the sign for 30 people or so.In the horse the teacher with sixty in children,5 students to give up.

　　免费课堂教什么 Free classes teach

　　感受生活，不再拘泥标准答案 Feel life,No longer constrained standard answer

　　小莹妈妈赵女士介绍，在上民国课之前，自己就买了这套老教材。“现在的小学课本加入更多我们生活中的东西，比如《我是神舟号》、《东方明珠》，但实际上离孩子很远。但老课本基本都是小孩生活中的东西，比如第一课‘见着老师，上前去鞠了躬问好；老师微笑着欢迎他们’，很贴近现实。”“其中有一些生活常识，比如‘出家门，到巷口，遇见几个小朋友，手拉手一起走’，就是孩子生活的写照，还朗朗上口”。这个课互动性也比较强，比如《十只猪过桥》课上的表演，女儿回来告诉她很开心。学校的课上，孩子都按老师要求做的好好的，而且语文课的很多题材就不适合表演。

Small jade-like stone mother ms zhao is introduced,In the republic before class,His bought the old materials."Now the primary school textbook add more things in our lives,Such as[I am shenzhou]/[Oriental pearl],But the fact is far away from children.But the old textbooks basic are child life things,Such as the first class‘See the teacher,To made bow to say hello;The teacher smiled welcome them’,Very close to the reality.""There are some life common sense,Such as‘Out of the,To lane that has,Met some children,Go hand in hand’,Is the child life portraiture,Also has a flowing".This class is also strong interactivity,Such as[Ten pig bridge]Class performance,Daughter came back to tell her very happy.The school class,The teacher asked the children to do well,Chinese classes and a lot of themes are not suitable for performance.

　　老课本也会教认字，比如画牛，先画牛头，再画牛身，再画牛尾，下面附上笔画，这样通过画画的方式让孩子很容易记住牛这个字。而学校语文课上一开始就是拼音，笔画单独框一块，很生硬。

Old textbooks will also teach to read,Such as painting cattle,First draw tauren,Draw cow body,Draw ox tail,The enclosed strokes of a Chinese character,By the way that draw child is very easy to remember the word cattle.And the school on Chinese classes beginning is pinyin,Strokes of a Chinese character alone a box,Very hard.

　　小莹正常上课积极性没有别的同学高，不敢举手，总是怕说错，这也是赵女士很担心的。但上民国课3个月以来，她觉得女儿明显有进步，胆子大了一些，不那么担心自己的不是标准答案。“肯定有帮助，可能现在还看不出来，但是潜移默化的”，她甚至赞同老课本代替现行语文教材，“虽然有些内容是过时的，但总体上来说趣味性、常识性比现在的好”。有一次课上，小朋友告诉马老师和陈老师说回家给爸爸妈妈编谜语了，而且还让同桌猜。谜语编得如何不重要，重要的是他们观察事物和描述事物的意识。

Small jade-like stone normal class no other students enthusiasm high,Can't raise your hand,Always afraid of making mistakes in your speaking,This is zhao lady very worried.But the lesson of the republic of three months,She felt that her daughter has obvious progress,Bored with it some,Not so worry about is not the standard answer."Must have help,May also look not to come out now,But the influence",She even agree with old books instead of the current language teaching material,"Although some content is out of date,But overall interest/Common sense than it is now good".Have a class,Children tell teacher ma and Chen said home to mom and dad made the riddle,But also let sit at the same table guess.Riddle made how not important,The important thing is that they observe things and describe the consciousness of things.

　　马翼翔说，启蒙最根本的意义在于让孩子看到事物的另一面，能够独立思考，保持真实的天性，发现美的能力，而不是从小就明白很多道理。一二年级的孩子只要会观察、认知、能表达就可以了，而不是总是被要求写有“意义”的小作文。

MaYiXiang said,Enlightenment is the most fundamental significance is lets the child to see the other side of things,To think independently,Keep it real nature,Found that the ability,Not since the childhood to understand a lot of truth.A second grade children as long as will see/cognitive/To express it,Not always was asked to write a"meaning"Little composition.

　　反响如何 Echo how to

　　在学校上语文课，不会这么开心 In the school showing,Won't be so happy

　　小莹同学7岁了，去年9月刚上一年级，同时也来到马翼翔的民国课堂。“我喜欢！”记者问起她上的旧课本，小姑娘马上算起她最喜欢的课，“《十只猪过桥》很好玩，那个猪好傻哦”。她还记得自己一个得意的句子，“树叶被风吹下来，像流星从空中划过”。小莹小声承认，在学校上语文课时，从来不会这么开心，这么积极举手。

Small jade-like stone students at the age of 7,Last September just were in grade one last year,At the same time also came to the classroom MaYiXiang republic."I like!"Reporters asked about her old books,The little girl immediately count her favourite class,"[Ten pig bridge]fun,The pig very silly oh".She also remember a proud sentence,"Leaves was blown down,From the sky like a meteor".Small jade-like stone admitted in a low voice,Chinese class at school,Never so happy,So actively raise your hand.

　　反对派 The opposition

　　课堂“太轻松”，不知道学什么 class"Too easy",Do not know to learn what

　　6岁的小胡同学去年10月份来到公益班，但只上了两节课就放弃了。记者致电小胡的妈妈陈女士。她介绍，最初是从家长聊天群里知道这个公益班，便抱着试试的态度来了。但第一节课就让她感觉很不好，“课堂很闹，乱哄哄的，孩子不可能专心听讲，精力也没法维持”。在她看来，课堂有点过度活泼了。“刚上学的孩子还没养成听老师讲话的习惯，课堂秩序如果不好的话，都不知道孩子在干什么”。

At the age of 6 small classmate in October last year came to public class,But only had two class gave up.Reporters call the small mother ms. Chen.She introduces,Originally from parents chat group know the public class,Then hold try attitude came.But the first class let her feel very bad,"Classroom is the,noise,Children can't listen to the teacher carefully,Energy can't maintain".In her eyes,The classroom is a bit too lively the."Just to go to school children haven't form the habit of listening to the teacher,Classroom order if bad word,All don't know the child doing".

　　此外，她不太相信这种免费上课的质量，“可能只是哄小孩玩玩”。最重要的是，陈女士根本不知道现在开这个民国课的目的是什么。

In addition,She doesn't believe this kind of free class quality,"May be just kid play".The most important thing is,Ms. Chen don't know now open the republic of what is the purpose of the class.

　　小胡虽然只有6岁，但对民国课堂的观点却很鲜明，“一般，不是太喜欢”。他只记得一次上的是《妈妈缝衣服》，对这个故事的评价也是“一般”。“我喜欢长一点的故事，比如《我叫神舟号》、《北风和小鱼》。”

Small although only 6 years old,But for the republic of class point of view is very bright,"general,Not too like".He only remember once was[Mother sew clothes],The story is evaluation"general"."I like the story of a little longer,Such as[My name is shenzhou]/[The north wind and the fish]."

　　语文专家 Chinese experts

　　老课本有其经典性，但不要过度美化 Old books has its classical,But don't too beautification

　　教育部语文出版社社长王旭明表示：“叶圣陶和丰子恺本身就是从事小学教学，当时就是很受欢迎的小学老师”。王社长说，他们作为大家，对于孩子的认知心理有着更准确的把握，这是现在很多语文研究者、教材编写者根本无法匹敌的。而且现在的教材编写者自己根本不站在讲台上，有相当一部分是跟小学教学严重脱节的。

The ministry of education WangXuMing Chinese press President said:"Organizing and feng zikai itself is engaged in primary school teaching,At that time is a very popular primary school teacher".WangSheChang said,As you,For the child's cognitive psychology has a more accurate grasp of,This is now a lot of Chinese researchers/Teaching material writers can't unmatched.And now textbook writers themselves don't stand on the platform,There are quite a number of primary school teaching with serious disjointed.

　　老课本如此受欢迎，王社长承认这与大家对现行教育不满，但其中肯定有过度认可与美化的嫌疑。比如它是好几十年前的内容，与我们现在的生活是脱节的。语文教材一定要借鉴古今中外的精华，现在的教材离得还太远。

Old books so popular,WangSheChang admit that this with members of the current education dissatisfaction,But it must have excessive recognition and beautification of suspicion.Such as it is the content of the many decades ago,And our present life is disjointed.Language teaching material must be reference for the essence of ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign,Now it is too far away from the teaching material.

　　链接

link

　　民国语文老课本 The republic of Chinese old books

　　江苏卖得最火 Jiangsu sell the most fire

　　记者致电上海科学技术文献出版社。发行部主任王明海主任介绍，它在2005年率先出版包括《开明国语课本》在内的三套老教材，迄今也是销售最好的出版社。在2010年底出现井喷式的销量，达30万册，2011年及2012年比较平稳，为10万左右，算畅销书。去除网络因素，江苏省一直是订购老课本最多的省份，在销量为30万时，江苏订量达6万，刚过去的2012年也是最大的订户，在所有销量中占20%。订户主要为大型书店和学校，不过学校的订量很少，只有几百本，更多的还是家长散买的。王主任说，当初出版这套书，卖点主要有两个，一个是“大师”，其二就是里面的内容的确轻松易读。

Reporters call Shanghai science and technology literature press.Circulation department director, director of the WangMingHai is introduced,It takes the lead in publication in 2005, including[Enlightened mandarin textbooks]In three sets of old teaching materials,So far is also sales the best press.In the end of 2010 appears blowout type sales,300000 books,In 2011 and 2012 more smoothly,About 100000,Calculate bestseller.Remove network factors,Jiangsu province has been order old books most of the provinces,In sales for 300000,Jiangsu order 60000,Just the past 2012 years is also the biggest subscriber,In 20% of all sales.Subscriber mainly for large bookstores and school,But the school order rarely,Only a few hundred this,More parents bought or scattered.Wang said,At the beginning the books published,There are two major selling point,One is"master",The second is the inside of the content is easy and easy to read.