近几年，进入“编制”内悄然成为年轻人的就业首选。自2009年以来，每年参加公务员[微博]考试的人数都超过100万。2013年最热门岗位的考录比竟然达到了9411比1，几近“万里挑一”。在某些报考者意识里，考不上公务员，也要考一个事业“编制”。

In recent years,To enter"prepare"Quietly in the employment of young people become the preferred.Since 2009,Each year to participate in the number of civil servants (microblogging) test are more than 1 million.In 2013, the most popular jobs substantially more than 9411 to 1,nearly"Miles pick one".In some sense of candidates,Doesn't go to the civil service test,Also want to take an examination of a career"prepare".

　　曾几何时，大批“编制”内人士扔掉“铁饭碗”，形成波澜壮阔的“下海潮”。大学生在毕业时也面临戴黑(治学)、黄(经商)、红(从政)帽的选择。在改革不断深入、市场经济快速发展的今天，年轻人缘何首选回流“编制”内？我们应如何看待“编制”内和外？带着这些问题，记者采访了两位一直关注此领域问题的学者。

Once upon a time,A large number of"prepare"Insiders to throw away"Iron rice bowl",Form a mammoth"Under the tide".College students at graduation also face wears black(scholarship)/yellow(To do business)/red(In politics)The choice of the hat.Deepening the reform/Rapid development of market economy of today,Why young people preferred backflow"prepare"Within the?How should we treat"prepare"Inside and outside?With these problems,Reporter interviewed two scholar has been focused on this field.

　“编制”内的“平静” "prepare"Within the"calm"

　　“不可否认，有不少年轻人怀着一腔热忱，希望通过进入公务员队伍，实现自己治国经世的政治理想与抱负。”国家行政学院科研部主任许耀桐指出，“如此泛化的对‘编制’的向往，更多恐怕是源于对‘编制’‘含金量’的向往。”

"There is no denying that,Have a lot of young people with enthusiasm,Hope that through into the civil service,Realize oneself rule of studying political ideal and ambition."Xu Yaotong points out, director of the national school of administration department,"So for generalization‘prepare’yearning,I'm afraid more is stems from to‘prepare’‘Gold content’yearning."

　　“编制”很多时候是与之捆绑的社会资源的代名词。进入“编制”，可享有一些好处：收入稳定、有社会地位、高福利、享受公费医疗、子女入学优先，甚至一些机构还能提供内部经济适用房。

"prepare"Most of the time is bundled with the social resources.To enter"prepare",Can enjoy some benefits:A steady income/Has social status/High welfare/Enjoy free medical care/Their children to school first,Even some agencies can also provide internal economy applicable room.

　　此外，“编制”的另一大特点是可以提供终生的保障。有了保障就有安全感，“编制”内人士可不必担心所在行业的跌宕起伏，不必理会经济环境的风云突变。据统计显示，公务员是中国“最稳定的群体”。在每年一些居民幸福感调查中，国家机关党群组织、企事业单位员工回答“非常幸福”的比例也最高。

In addition,"prepare"The another big characteristic is can offer a lifetime guarantee.There is a sense of security. With the protection,"prepare"Insiders can don't have to worry about the ups and downs of these sectors,Don't have to ignore economic environment changed.According to the statistics show,Civil servants is China"The most stable group".In every year some people happiness survey,State organs between the groups/Enterprise or business unit staff to answer"Very happy"The highest proportion.

　　“大家犹如过江之鲫般地争抢‘编制’，为的就是分享‘编制’内的资源。”许耀桐说，“死也要死在‘编制’里”表现出来的话外音，就是对“编制”所带来好处的认可。“编制”与所附带的利益不脱钩，就必然有人愿意死在“编制”内。

"Everybody like became a way for‘prepare’,In order to share‘prepare’Within the resources."Xu Yaotong said,"Die to die in‘prepare’In the"Of voice,Is the"prepare"Brings the benefits of recognition."prepare"And attached to the interests of decoupling,Someone is bound to willing to die in"prepare"Within the.

　　对此，中国人才研究会副会长马抗美忧心忡忡地指出，“年轻人对户口、稳定、福利的追求，已经远远超过了对创新和创业的激情，这绝对不是一种健康的社会现象。”当人们都热衷于挤进“编制”内，人的才能和创造力被配置在非生产性的再分配领域而不是生产性领域，必将弱化社会的创新能力乃至影响未来的经济增长。

For this,China talent research association, vice President of Ma Kangmei points out with a great deal of apprehension,"Young people to account/stable/Welfare of the pursuit of,Has been far more than on innovation and entrepreneurship,This is definitely not a healthy society phenomenon."When people are keen to squeeze into"prepare"Within the,People's talents and creativity is configured in the field of non-productive redistribution rather than productive areas,Will weaken society's ability to innovate and even affect the future economic growth.

　　“编制”外的“风云” "prepare"Outside of the"Wind and cloud"

　　近几年，打破公务员手中“铁饭碗”的呼声越来越高。在此背景下，广东、广西等一些地区也先后进行了探索，并部分实行了公务员聘用制，将“终身制”变成“合同制”，将“铁饭碗”变成“瓷饭碗”。

In recent years,Break the civil servants"Iron rice bowl"Calls for more and more high.Against this background,guangdong/Guangxi and some other areas also has carried on the exploration,And parts to the employment of civil servants,Will be"For life"Become a"contract",Will be"Iron rice bowl"Become a"Porcelain bowl".

　　其实，这也是中央一直以来坚持的改革方向。继科技体制改革之后，我国文化体制又迈出了改革的步伐。以出版体制改革为例，截至2010年上半年，148家中央部门和单位出版社已有102家核销事业“编制”。到2012年，经营性出版社全部转为企业。

In fact,This is also the central has been adhere to the direction of reform.After the system reform of science and technology,China's cultural system and taking the pace of reform.Publishing system reform, for example,By the end of the first half of 2010,148 the central departments and units press 102 verification business"prepare".By 2012,Business press shift to enterprises.

　　转企改制使文化单位摆脱传统事业体制的束缚，扩大了企业用工自主权，创造了更多的工作机会。无论是国有还是民营都成为了真正意义上的市场主体，极大解放了文化生产力。

Enterprises to get rid of the bondage of traditional enterprise system culture units,Expand the enterprise employee autonomy,To create more job opportunities.Both state-owned and private become a real sense of market main body,Greatly liberated the culture productivity.

　　一些民营公司的老板说：“我们这里从不埋没人才，你有多大本事，我们就为你搭多大台。”

Some private company boss said:"We never bury talent here,You have how old ability,We can set how much table for you."

　　与此同时，近年来各地各部门都在不断深化改革，努力营造公平的市场竞争环境，消除“编制”内外的不同待遇，鼓励人才平等竞争、自由流动。中国银行等多家央企实现正式员工与外聘员工同工同酬。

At the same time,In recent years across departments are constantly deepening reform,Efforts to create a fair market competition environment,To eliminate"prepare"Different treatment inside and outside,Encourage talent equal competition/The free flow of.Bank of China, such as central enterprises to realize more formal employees and part-time employees equal pay for equal work.

　　许耀桐认为，今后政府应进一步加快改革步伐，让资源配置更多依靠市场力量；通过政策调整，给予民营经济足够宽松的管理环境；用好价格、税收、信贷等经济杠杆，增强市场的活力，降低创业创新的门槛……只有最大限度地为人才提供公平、健康的环境，才能让年轻人自由选择在“编制”内或“编制”外追逐梦想，让所有劳动者依靠勤劳、智慧和勇气共享发展机会。

Xu Yaotong think,The government should further accelerate the rate of change in the future,Make resource allocation more rely on market forces;Through policy adjustment,Give private economy loose regulatory environment;With a good price/tax/Credit and other economic levers,Strengthening the vitality of the market,Lower the threshold of the entrepreneurial innovation……Only maximize the fair for talent/A healthy environment,To freedom of choice in the young"prepare"In or"prepare"Outside of chasing the dream,Let all workers rely on hard work/Wisdom and courage to share development opportunities.

　　“如果有一天，大家发现在‘编制’外能找到很好甚至更好的发展机会，有更好的经济回报，那么‘死在编制里’的狂热，也就会自动淡出人们的视野。”许耀桐说。(本报记者 罗旭)

"If one day,We found that the‘prepare’Can find very good even better development opportunities,Have a better economic returns,then‘In the formulation of death’The frenzy of,Also will automatically fade out people's field of vision."Xu Yaotong said.(Our reporter rasch)