清朝是我国最后一个封建王朝。虽然晚晴时期深受帝国主义列强侵略，但有意思的是，我们在清代却没法找到一个真正的“昏君”。且不说开国时期的文韬武略、康雍乾时期的盛世，即便是后期的皇帝们，也都称得上是“兢兢业业”。

The qing dynasty is the last feudal dynasty in China.While yat sen villa period by imperialist powers invaded,But it's interesting,We in the qing dynasty but couldn't find a real"Bad king".Apart from the founding period of WenTaoWuLve/Kang Yongqian of flourishing period,Even later emperors,Also is"conscientiously".

　　工作之余，皇帝们的文化水平和个人道德修养也很高。康熙皇帝数学造诣十分了得，今天我们所学的方程式中 “根”、“元”、“次”都是由他命名的，乾隆皇帝堪称史上最高产诗人，一生作诗四万余首，后几个皇帝虽然能力略逊，但也以节俭仁厚著称。道咸之后，虽然江山社稷难以保全，但也不能都归咎于君主失德无能。清朝多数皇帝、皇子都精通经史、策论、诗词书画，并善于骑射。

Outside of work,The cultural level of the emperors and individual moral cultivation is also high.Emperor kangxi mathematical attainments is very good,The equations of what we learn today "The root"/"yuan"/"time"Is named after him,Emperor qianlong was the most prolific poet in the history of,Life over forty thousand poems,After a few emperor ability slightly though,But also is famous for its frugal very kind.And after,Although jiangshan country difficult to preserve,But also can't blame monarch misconduct.Most of the qing dynasty emperor/Prince is versed in the history/Strategy is so far producing precious/Poem calligraphy and painting,And good at QiShe.

　　清朝皇帝们本是来自东北的少数民族，何以做到个个文武双全呢？一个重要原因就是清朝统治者重视皇子读书、习武，并注重从中借鉴、吸取历史经验教训，才缔造了皇子们个个文武双全的神话。

The qing emperors were ethnic minorities from the northeast,Why do all coursework in both?One important reason is that reading attaches great importance to the prince of the qing dynasty rulers/Kung fu,And pay attention to the reference/Draw lessons from history,To create the myth of the prince who all coursework in both.

　　清朝“第一家庭”的子弟们是怎么读书的？这就要讲讲他们的“子弟学校”——上书房。

The qing dynasty"The first family"The heirs of is how to read?This is something about them"Migrant children school"- in the study.

上书房是怎么来的？ The study is how to?

　　自开国起，清朝皇帝们就很重视皇子的教育，但形成上书房制度，是在雍正时。雍正皇帝正式规定，凡内廷皇子，包括皇孙、皇曾孙，六岁即入学读书，集中教育，皇子成年受封后才出书房。学校地点即宫中上书房，在故宫内乾清门左侧，共五楹，面北，临近皇帝御门听政之处。为表重视，雍正帝亲笔题写了“立身以至诚为本，读书以名理为先”的楹联悬挂其内；乾隆帝给上书房题的楹联则是：“念终始典于学，于缉熙单厥心。”前半句出自《尚书·说命》，意为从始至终，要经常想着学习；后半句出自诗经·颂·清庙之什《昊天有成命》，“缉熙”指光明，意为时时刻刻要培养心性。

Since the founding,,The qing emperors attaches great importance to education of prince,But form the study on the system,Is in the yongzheng.Emperor yongzheng official regulations,All imperial palace prince,Including huang sun/The emperor the son,The school at the age of 6,Focus on education,Prince adult after being out of the study.School site palace on the study,In the imperial palace in dry cleaning door on the left,A total of five jacaranda,Surface of the north,Come near to the doors of the emperor scenes.For the table attaches great importance to the,Yongzheng emperor personally inscribed"Description: to have a sincere,Reading by first name"Couplets hanging;The qianlong emperor to couplet is a study on the topic:"Read beginning and code to learn,Yu Jixi ChanJue heart."The first half of the sentence come from[Ministers, said life],Meaning from beginning to end,Always thinking about learning;After half sentence from the book of songs, hymns, qing temple of assorted[Heaven has science down],"Made city"Refers to the light,Meaning to cultivate mind all the time.

　　此外，西苑、圆明园两处亦设有上书房。总之，皇上驻跸哪里，皇子就在哪里读书，以便皇上稽察。

In addition,xiyuan/Yuanmingyuan also operates on a study in two places.All in all,Where is the emperor in,Prince where is read book,So the emperor JiCha.

　　皇子们在上书房不仅要学习汉语、满语、蒙古语，还要学习骑射、鸟枪，刀枪器械和算数等科目。时间上抓得很紧，规定“卯入申出”，约5:00——15:00，十多个小时。且皇子们还要提前一小时，即4点左右，到上书房复习昨天的功课，“申时二刻”放学后，还要去练习骑马射箭，真正结束已经是19时许了。

The prince in the study is not only to learn Chinese/manchu/Mongolian,Also learn QiShe/shotgun,Sword instrument and math subjects.Time is very fast,provisions"Frame into the "out of the",About 5:00-15:00,More than ten hours.And the prince are even one hour in advance,That is about 4 o 'clock,To review the study on the homework yesterday,"ShenShi hour"After school,To practise archery on horseback,Really over 19 PM already.

　　皇帝对子孙们的学习极重视，几乎每天都会巡视上书房，尤其康熙皇帝最勤勉，每天9点左右都到上书房听皇子们背书，有时间的话，下午四五点钟还会再来一次，带着大臣们一起听皇子们背书。

The emperor sons for learning are of great significance,Almost every day patrol on study,Kangxi, the most diligent in particular,Every day around 9 o 'clock to study listening to prince endorsement,Have the time,Four or five in the afternoon will once again,Listen to the prince endorsement with ministers.

　　严格的制度下，皇子们的学习非常辛苦。清人赵翼在《檐曝杂记》中曾这样形容：“本朝家法之严，即皇子读书一事，已迥绝千古。”康熙皇帝年幼时，刻苦读书，不舍昼夜，曾累到咳血。醇亲王奕譞在《竹窗笔记》写道：“如届时功课未完或罚书罚字，俟师傅准去吃饭方去，随侍内谙达、太监等无敢催促者，下书房亦然。”

Under strict rules,The prince is a hard learning.Qing Zhao Yi in[Eaves had stories]Was described:"This in French,The prince of reading,Has his unique eternal."Emperor kangxi was young,Hard to read,generate,Have tired to coughing up blood.Alcohol close Wang Yi Xuan in[Bamboo window notes]writes:"Such as the homework unfinished or penalty punishment,Initiate the master must go to dinner party,Within the squire AnDa/No dare to dun the eunuch, etc,The study under the versa."

名师出高徒 Teacher I

　　为了保证教学质量，首先要有优良的师资。上书房由“总师傅”统管，通常由满汉大学士出任。总师傅并不总来，下面专门授课的老师则日日当值。汉文师傅选翰林官文学、品行兼优者数人；满洲师傅遴选八旗武官中弓马、满语娴熟者数人；蒙古师傅选蒙古进士出身、蒙语娴熟者数人。

In order to guarantee the teaching quality,First of all want to have good teachers.On the study by"The total master"Ruling over,Usually by the Chinese college students.Teacher does not always come to,Under the special teaching teachers on duty day by day.Chinese teacher elected academician official literature/Conduct and performers the number one;Manchuria master to bow to select eight banners attaches horse/Several people language skillfully;Master Mongolia Mongolia jinshi origin/Mongolian adept several people.

　　三类师傅中，汉文师傅地位最高。作为教师，品行最为重要，能入选翰林的，文学水平必定国内一流，再从中挑选师傅，更是非名臣硕儒不选。如桐城张廷玉，雍正时官至保和殿大学士兼吏部尚书、军机大臣，奉旨纂修明史，为雍正朝上书房皇子师傅。嘉庆帝永琰的老师朱珪，北京大兴人，乾隆十二年以17岁就考中举人，次年中进士，一时间名震京师。

In the three kinds of master,Chinese supreme master status.As a teacher,Character is the most important,To make the academician,Literature level will be the domestic first-class,Choose the teacher again,More is yu ShuoRu don't choose.Such as tongcheng Zhang Tingyu,Yongzheng when officer to Baohe Palace university private and official department minister/Minister of,Took the capital of Ming,Master of prince yongzheng up study.JiaQingDi 朱珪 Yan teacher forever,Beijing daxing people,Qianlong a exceeded otherregions juren 12 to 17 years old,The following year in jinshi,At that time, the capital.

　　雍正皇帝为张廷玉新居亲笔书写的照壁“调梅良弼”，“调梅”即是宰相之意

Yongzheng emperor for Zhang Tingyu new hand-written screen wall"Adjustable MeiLiangBi","Adjustable mei"Is the prime minister

　　在如此严格和优良的条件下，清代皇子中人才辈出，除了个个能文能武外还出了许多科学家、文学家、书法家。康熙第三子胤祉不仅射箭与皇父不分上下，康熙还亲授其“几何原理”，让他领导编成了《律例渊源》，并组织编纂了大型类书《古今图书集成》。废太子胤礽五周岁时就在跟随康熙景山习武中“连发五矢，射中一鹿四兔”，八岁即能左右射。乾隆十一子成亲王永瑆，“幼工书”，成为清中期书法四大家之一，“名重一时，士大夫得片纸只字，重若珍宝。”

In such a strict and good conditions,Talented people in qing dynasty prince,In addition to all NengWenNengWu also out of the many scientists/astronomers/calligrapher.Emperor of kangxi third son three-dimensional zhijun not only archery and father,Kangxi also gives its affinity"Geometry,",Let him led into[Statutes origin],And compiled a large organization category[Integration of ancient and modern books].Caijing three-dimensional Reng five years old the following kangxi jingshan kung fu"Repeating five vector,Four rabbit shot a deer",About eight years old namely can shoot.Qianlong 11 children into prince 永瑆,"Young workers book",Become one of the four everybody mid qing calligraphy,"MingChongYiShi,Scholar-bureaucrat is just a short note,If a heavy treasure."