“减负”是个老问题，“减负”也是个新话题。就在不久前，包括北京、浙江、吉林等多个省份在内，连续打响“减负”攻坚战，向学生负担过重问题连续开炮。对此，有家长直呼大快人心，也有家长持悲观态度，指称在现行高考、中考制度没有根本性改变的前提下，任何给学生减负的举措都只能是“隔靴搔痒”。

"During the"Is an old problem,"During the"Is a new topic.It was not long ago,Including Beijing/zhejiang/Several provinces such as jilin,Continuous battle"During the"To be completed,Continuous fire burden overweight problem. To students.For this,Have a greatly parents call,Parents also have a pessimistic attitude,Refer to the current college entrance examination/An examination system under the premise of no fundamental change,Any relief measures are only to students"tap".

减负，是否有解？ During the,If there is a solution?

减负寻找突破口，先从教育内部“开刀” During the breach,From inside the education first"operation"

　　2月的最后一周，全国中小学开学的日子。很多省份选择了从这一天开始，推行减负新政。细心的家长会发现，这些新政有一个共同的特点从教育内部“开刀”。

In February the last week,The national primary and secondary school of school days.Many provinces chose to start the day,Introduced during the New Deal.Careful parents will find,The New Deal have a common feature from inside the education"operation".

　　先来看北京的减负举措，2月25日，北京市中小学的开学第一天，为学生减轻课业负担成为开学主题。北京市教委发布《关于切实减轻中小学生过重课业负担的通知》。《通知》规定，严格执行国家和北京市课程计划，严格控制学生在校学习时间，严格控制作业量，严格规范考试和评价工作，严格禁止违规补课，严格教辅用书管理，严格各类竞赛管理，严格落实工作要求。

In Beijing during the first step,On February 25,,Beijing primary and middle school the first day of school,Begins to reduce course load for students.Beijing municipal education commission[Informed about lightens the heavy schoolwork burden of primary and middle school students].[notice]provisions,Strictly implements national and Beijing municipal lesson plans,Strict control of time students are studying in school,Strictly control the production,Strictly regulate the examination and evaluation work,Strictly forbidden to make up a missed lesson,Strict management of teaching book,Strict management of all kinds of competition,Strictly implement the work requirements.

　　乍一看这八个严格可能并不觉得什么，但是仔细一琢磨，这里面包含了一种先革教育自己的命的大决心。比如，将学生在校学习时间和作业量规定到每小时，其实是在强制性要求教师提升教学质量和教学效率，“逼迫”教师向课堂要效率，布置高水平的作业。比如，坚决禁止学校采取或者变相采取考试、测试、面试等形式选拔学生，其实是在强制性要求教育内部必须从深层次探讨一种更为科学、合理、有效的人才培养与评价机制。再比如，严格禁止违规补课，对教师有偿补课行为提出“每举必查”，是在强制性要求教师将师德与职业操守摆在首位。

At first glance that eight strict might not feel what,But a carefully thinking,It contains a leather first education own life of great determination.Such as the,The students study in school time and work rules to every hour,Are mandatory to improve teaching quality and teaching efficiency,"force"Teachers to the classroom efficiency,High levels of homework.Such as the,Resolutely prohibit schools take or in a disguised manner to take the exam/The test/The interview form such as selection of students,Are mandatory requirements discussed internal education must start from a more scientific/reasonable/Effective personnel training and assessment mechanism.Another example,Strictly forbidden to make up a missed lesson,To put forward for teachers"Investigate it when every",Is mandatory requirements on teachers' virtue and ethics in the first place.

　　浙江省杭州市的举措更为具体，杭州市拱墅区大关小学在开学典礼上，向全校近900名学生免费赠送了“三斤半”书包。当天起，该校学生需使用这款定制的书包上学放学，而且要求师生动脑筋想办法，让书包重量名副其实保持在三斤半以下。一二年级的学生保持在两斤半以下。经统计与折算，使用后，该校学生每年将比过去少背负200吨重量的物品，实实在在为孩子的肩膀减轻了负荷。

Hangzhou city, zhejiang province more concrete measures,The gongshu district of hangzhou mark elementary school in the opening ceremony,Nearly 900 students to the school for free"Three and a half jins of"School bag.Since the day,Students need to use the custom bag from school,And asked the teachers and students thinking to find a way to,Keep real bag weight under three and a half jins.Second grade student in a two and a half jins of below.Through the statistics and convert,After use,Students each year to carry 200 metric tons of weight of the goods less than the past,Truly, truly, for child's shoulder and lighten the load.

　　减负，必须寻找突破口，不能因学生负担过重问题的成因复杂，牵涉面广就不作为。浙江省教育厅厅长刘希平介绍，“减轻中小学生过重的课业负担，我们长期以来一直在推进，但效果始终不明显。尽管由于社会人才观、用人制度、评价标准等有偏差，抓减负的大背景不具备，但我们认为，面对学生的呼唤，社会的强烈反映，教育内部应当首先有所作为。”

During the,Have to seek breakthrough,Not the cause of the problem because of students 'overloaded burden reflects complex,Wide is not as interlock.LiuXiPing director of education department of zhejiang province is introduced,"Reduce the heavy schoolwork burden of primary and middle school students,We have long in advance,But the effect is not obvious.Although due to the social ideology/System of choose and employ persons/Evaluation standard, etc. There is deviation,Catch a does not have the background of burden,But we think,In the face of the student's call,Strong reflection of the society,Internal education should first of all make a difference."

减负背后，是给每个孩子提供合适的教育 Behind the burden,Is to provide appropriate education for each child

　　对于浙江省一些地区的中小学老师来说，很多人都经历了一个被“强制性”减负到“自觉”减负的过程。老师们说，从强制到自觉，背后反映出教学理念的转变与教学水平的提升。

For primary and secondary school teachers in some areas of zhejiang province,Many people have experienced a"mandatory"Burden to"consciously"During the process of.Teachers say,From mandatory to consciously,Behind reflects the transition of the teaching idea and teaching level of ascension.

　　浙江省德清县第二中学英语教师俞洁的经历就很具代表性：控制作业时间和数量，要做到这一点，首先我得做大量的“功课”。将作业全部做一遍，精选出练习题。在选择的过程中，从预习、巩固、拓展三个维度将作业进行归类，对学生经过预习就能完成的作业作为预习作业来布置，作业当堂巩固;将拓展类的作业布置给学有余力的学生，从而实现作业的最优化，充分挖掘学生的潜力，实现作业多重功能。周末，我带领学生走出课堂，到风景区用英语采访外国游客，锻炼学生说英语的胆量。美国波士顿教育代表团到德清访问期间，我根据德清本土文化设计一堂“Our Hometown”的英语展示课，课前布置学生收集有关德清风土人情的图片、视频，并用英语介绍，课堂上学习泡烘豆茶的英语讲解，然后由学生向外国友人介绍，展示学生的风采，让学生体验到学习英语的快乐和成功。

Zhejiang deqing county second middle school English teachers YuJie experience is very representative:Control the operation time and quantity,To do this,First of all, I have to do a lot of"My homework".To do the homework all over again,Selects exercises.In the process of selection,From the preview/To consolidate/Classifies the three dimensions will work,After your homework will be finished to the student as a prelab assignment to decorate,Homework classroom consolidation;Will expand class homework assignments to students learning ability,So as to realize the optimization of operation,Fully excavate students' potential,Use multiple functions.On the weekend,I lead the students out of the classroom,To the scenic spot interviews with foreign tourists in English,Exercise students dare to speak English.Boston to deqing education delegation during the visit,I according to the local culture deqing design together"Our Hometown"The lesson of English,Layout before class students collect pictures about local conditions and customs of deqing/video,Using English to introduce,Classroom learning baked beans tea English interpretation,Then to introduce foreign friends by the students,Show the elegant demeanor of students,Let the students experience the happiness and success in learning English.

　　俞洁说，当学生“乐学、好学、愿学”时，学习任务便得到落实与完成，学生的课业负担也就逐渐减下来了。

YuJie said,As a student"happy/Easy to learn/Willing to learn"when,Learning task was implemented and completed,Student schoolwork burden would be gradually slow down.

　　“减轻学生过重的课业负担，还意味着教师必须关心每个学生、遵循学生身心发展规律并且为每个学生提供适合的教育。这是更符合教育规律的做法，也是每位教师应该做到的。”浙江省绍兴县实验中学校长赵水荣说，“起初，减负是对教师的强制性要求，需要打破教师旧有的教学理念与方法，慢慢地，教师在被强制的过程中，逐渐提升了教学水平和教学质量，认识到了其中的好处，便开始自觉给孩子减负了。这就成功地实现了减负从强制到自觉，从自觉到自信的飞跃。”

"To reduce the heavy schoolwork burden,Also means that teachers must care for each student/Follow students body and mind law of development and provide appropriate education for each student.This is more in line with the law of education practice,Also each teacher should do."Shaoxing county of zhejiang province experimental middle school principal zhao rong said water,"At first,,Burden is mandatory requirements for teachers,Teachers need to break out the old teaching ideas and methods,slowly,Teachers in the process of forced,Gradually improve the teaching level and teaching quality,Recognize the benefits of them,Began to consciously burden to her children.It has successfully realized the burden from mandatory to voluntary,Leap from consciousness to confidence."

减负，各类博弈每天都在上演 During the,Every day in all kinds of game

　　当然，减负仅仅从教育内部“开刀”还远远不够，减负依然是一个长期而复杂的任务。北京市教委副主任罗洁强调，“造成课业负担过重的成因复杂，用人制度、社会价值观、独生子女制度等多重原因重叠，层层传递到教育内部，因此，减负问题还需标本兼治。”

Of course,,-- only from inside the education"operation"Not go far enough,Burden is still a long-term and complex task.Deputy director of Beijing municipal education commission Luo Jie emphasize,"Caused heavy schoolwork burden of complex causes,System of choose and employ persons/Social values/Multiple overlapping reasons such as the one-child system,Layer upon layer to the education,so,Enquiring problems still need to treat both."

　　“减负仍是一项复杂而又艰巨的工作，各类博弈每天都在上演。”刘希平也结合浙江省多年推行减负的经验介绍，“通过两年多时间的努力，我省教育系统内减负的自觉性不断增强，系统外监督减负的热情越来越高，一些地方和学校的学生课业负担明显下降。但我们也清醒地看到，从总体上看，在浙江，中小学生课业负担过重的局面仍没有根本扭转。”

"Burden is a complex and difficult work,Every day in all kinds of game."LiuXiPing also combined with the implementation of relief experience for many years in zhejiang province is introduced,"Through the efforts of more than two years,The consciousness of burden has been increasing in education system in our province,Outside the system of supervision during the enthusiasm is higher and higher,Some places and school students schoolwork burden decreased obviously.But we also clearly see,On the whole,In zhejiang province,The situation of primary and middle school students schoolwork burden is overweight is still no fundamental change."

　　显然，通过教学过程中的改革与质量提升来给学生减负，是重要的方向，但却不是全部。无论是家长在“一切为了升学”和“一切为了孩子的身心健康”中痛苦博弈，还是不管教育主管部门如何号召，家长给孩子报辅导班的热情依然不减，社会各类培训班也依然需求旺盛的现象，折射的都是现行的考试和评价制度给孩子和家长们带来的巨大焦虑。

clearly,Through the teaching reform and quality improvement in the process of burden to students,Is an important direction,But not all of them.Both parents in"All for the entrance"and"Everything for the children's physical and mental health"Pain in the game,Regardless of the department in charge of education called for,Parents give their children to classes of enthusiasm unabated,The society all kinds of training classes is still strong demand,Refraction is the current examination and evaluation system to bring kids and parents great anxiety.

　　有专家指出，学校教育一旦“一切为了高考”,就违背了教育要面向全体学生、要给学生适合的教育的基本规律，就会压制学生的个性需求与发展,并在某种意义上加重学生的学习负担。在当前,我国高等教育还不能满足受教育者普遍需求的条件下,改革高考制度将有利于推动学校减轻学生的学习负担。

Some experts pointed out that,Once the school education"Everything for the college entrance examination",It has violated the education should face to all students/To give students suitable for the basic rule of education,Will suppress the students' needs and individual development,And, in some sense, aggravating the students' learning burden.In the current,China's higher education still cannot meet the demand of educatees common conditions,Reform of the college entrance examination system will reduce the learning burden of students will be conducive to the school.

　　同时，还有学者指出，“政府和教育主管部门必须建立完善的教育评价体系。当前,教育的全民化、多元化、个性化的要求已日益彰显,提供适合学生的教育是时代的要求,唯升学率评价学校教育的优劣,必然阻碍学校的教育教学改革,阻碍学校推进素质教育。其次,政府要引导社会正确地评价人才,不能唯学历论。普通中学没有考上高校的合格毕业生也是宝贵的人才后备队,要给予职业技术培训和适当的岗位。人力资源是多元化的,社会的专业分工越来越细,各层次的人才都需要,不能一味地追求高学历,要与岗位需求相一致,否则会造成人才的浪费。”

At the same time,There are scholars pointed out that,"Governments and education departments should establish and improve the education evaluation system.The current,The universal education/diversification/Personalized demand is increasingly remarkable,Provide for the education of students is the request of the ages,Graduation rates only to evaluate the pros and cons of school education,Is bound to hinder the school education teaching reform,Block out quality-oriented education in school.The second,The government to guide society correctly evaluate talents,Not only XueLiLun.Ordinary high school did not take an examination of qualified graduates of colleges and universities is also valuable talent reserve,To give professional technical training and proper jobs.Human resources is diversified,Society of professional division of labor is more and more thin,All levels of talents are needed,Don't blindly to pursue higher education,To consistent with the position requirements,Otherwise it will cause waste of talent."

　　记者 赵婀娜

The reporter zhao graceful