张向东

ZhangXiangDong

　　这是颇为讽刺又颇为应景的一幕：办公室前台后方的“中担资本”四个字已经残缺不全，“资”字下面的“人”不见了。

This is rather ironic and rather holiday scene：The office in the rear of the front desk“Bear capital in”Four words were incomplete，“endowment”Word the following“people”gone。

　　7月12日，位于北京复兴门凯晨世贸中心三层的中担投资信用担保有限公司（下称“中担”）原来的办公室，已经没有了几个月前事发时的喧闹。当初引发业界震荡的中担事件现场，只剩下落满灰尘的杂乱地面和一个装修用的简易木梯子斜靠在墙角。

July 12,，World trade center is located in Beijing KaiChen sparkles with evening lights of three layers of credit guarantee carry investment Co., LTD（Said the“Bear in”）The original office，Have no a few months ago when the noise。At the beginning of the shock of the industry by bear event scene，There are only whereabouts filled with dust mixed and disorderly the ground and a decorated with simple wood ladder leans on the corner。

　　闹剧现场已归平静，但中担事件仍在发酵。本报获悉，中担债务问题已经基本厘清，总计约有13亿。其中交给银行的保证金大约有4亿多，这笔保证金是一些企业为贷款，先交给中担再由中担交给银行的。目前，涉及企业可以找对口银行结算。按照10%的保证金比例，在企业还清贷款后，结算保证金。此外还有8亿多的资金来自400多家企业。

Farce site, already be calm，But the bear is still in the fermentation events。Our newspaper that，Bear debt problems in basic already clear，Total about 1.3 billion。Among them over to the bank deposit is about 400 million，The deposit is some enterprise for loans，The first to bear again by the bank of the bear。At present，Involving enterprise can find corresponding bank settlement。According to 10% margin ratio，In the enterprise to pay off the mortgage，Settlement margin。In addition there are more than 800 million of the money comes from more than 400 companies。

　　值得注意的是，在中担的债务清算中，涉及北京钢贸圈22家钢贸商，业内估算，大约有4.7亿，占据了很大一部分。此外，石油化工行业企业涉及资金总计大约8000万。

Note the，In the liquidation of bear debt，In Beijing steel trading circle 22 home steel trading companies，The industry estimates，There are about 470 million，Occupied very big one part。In addition，Petroleum chemical industry enterprise involving total about 80 million funds。

　　知情人士称，这22家钢贸企业，多为规模较大的北京金属商会成员，主要是民营企业。这些钢贸企业为何卷入中担说法不一：一种说法是中担用高于银行几倍的利息对这些钢贸商揽储，钢贸商加入既可以获得高额回报，同时也可以在需要贷款的时候，随时转为保证金；另一种说法是，涉及的资金多是钢贸商只是为了贷款而交给中担的保证金。

Person said，The 22 home steel trading enterprise，Many of the larger Beijing for metal chamber of commerce members，Main is a private enterprise。These steel trading enterprise bear the explanations of why involved in：One is that in with several times higher than the bank bear the interest on these steel trading business takes the store，Steel trading business to join can get high returns，At the same time also can be in need of loans，To deposit at any time；Another story is，The money involved is more steel trading business just for loans and to bear in the margin。

　　目前，北京金属商会已经与北京信用担保协会共同牵头参与到中担事件的后续处理当中，但进展缓慢。此前曾有消息称，中担或将进入破产程序，知情人士称，“政府已经说过几次要接盘重组，但一直没有动静。要企业进来参与，但债务问题都没说清，谁愿意参与呢？而那些涉及到的企业，现在只能等。现在是特殊时期，就算企业起诉，法院也不会受理。”亦有消息称，中担几位高层已经被抓。但本报尚未能得到有关方面的证实。

At present，Beijing metal chamber of commerce and Beijing have credit guarantee association to lead to participate in the event of further treatment of the bear，But progress has been slow。Previously with the news，Bear or will enter the bankruptcy procedure，Person said，“The government has said that a few minor JiePan restructuring，But there has been no action。To participate in enterprise come in，But the debt problem didn't say clearly，Who would like to participate in it？And those related to enterprise，Now only, etc。Now is the special period，Even if the enterprise charges，The court will not accept it。”Also reports that，In several top bear has been caught。But this has not been can get the proof。

　　资本陷阱 Capital trap

　　7月12日，记者在北京复兴门凯晨世贸中心物业了解到，中担在今年春节后已经解除了房屋租赁合同，其位于中座三楼C301-302原来的办公室已经由中化收回。位于三层的中信银行(601998,股吧)的一位员工称，“听说是搬走了，但并没有破产。”

July 12,，Reporters in Beijing KaiChen sparkles with evening lights world trade center property to understand，Upon this year in after the Spring Festival has lifted the building to rent a contract，It is located in a building in three C301-302's old office has been changed by the recalls。Located in three layers of citic bank(601998,Shares it)A staff member says，“Hear is moved out，But didn't go bankrupt。”

　　据悉，中担事件最早就源于今年春节前后的一次北京金属商会年会上，一位银行某领导席间称，中担董事长失踪，随即事件败露。由于不少钢贸商都与中担有业务和资金往来，一时间，北京钢贸圈人心惶惶。一位钢贸商称，“中担被北京市金融局批了5年的牌照，被评为北京市中小企业先进单位，背后的股东还有国企背景。这样的公司，谁能想到它会出事？”

It is reported，In the first incident comes from bear around the Spring Festival a Beijing metal chamber of commerce of the annual meeting，A bank some leadership at dinner says，Bear the chairman of missing，Then braved events。Because many steel trading shangdu and have the business and the bear funds，time，Beijing steel trading circle panic。A steel trading business says，“Bear by the Beijing municipal bureau of finance in the group of five years of licence，Small and medium-sized enterprises has been awarded as Beijing advanced unit，The shareholders and the background behind state-owned enterprises。So the company，Who can think it will happen？”

　　中担事件后，银行对北京钢贸圈的各种贷款和融资的监管进一步升级。一家北京金属商会的钢贸商对本报称，刚开始有一段时间，钢贸商贷款都贷不出来了。现在还是偏紧，各个银行对钢贸商的授信已经基本没有了。不过一般财产抵押贷款已经不受影响了，但是银行会进行流程监管，就是这个贷款必须保证用在钢材流通上。银行要看到放给钢贸商的钱，确实是进入到了钢厂的账户里，用于购买钢材。

Bear the incident in，Bank to Beijing steel trading circle of all kinds of loans and financing of regulatory further upgrade。A Beijing metal chamber of commerce of steel trading business to our newspaper said，They began with a period of time，Steel trading business loans are loans don't come out。Now still tight，Each Banks to steel trading business credit has been basically have no。But general property mortgages have not affected，But the bank will process control，Is this the loan must ensure that used in steel circulation。The bank will see on steel trading business money，Is really into a steel plant in the account，Used to buy steel。

　　此外，中担事件也给北京钢贸圈内有名的“世铎担保”造成不少负面影响。世铎担保有限公司是由北京金属材料流通行业协会牵头、协会内12家企业共同出资成立的担保公司。公司于2007年7月完成工商注册，注册资本金5亿元人民币。

In addition，In the event to Beijing also bear the steel trading circles famous“The Tudor guarantee”Has caused a lot of negative effects。The Tudor guarantee Co., LTD. Is from Beijing metal materials circulation industry association lead、Within 12 enterprises association jointly funded by the guarantee of the company。In July 2007, our company was complete industry and commerce registration，The registered capital is 500 million yuan RMB。

　　中担事件仍在处理当中，北京钢贸商还需要时间消化事件带来的种种不利。一个问题是，从浙江钢贸危机到北京中担事件涉及的钢贸企业，钢贸商为何频频遭遇资金的陷阱？

In the event of bear is still in the processing，Beijing steel trading business need time to digest brought a variety of adverse events。A problem is，From zhejiang steel trading crisis to Beijing to bear the incident deals with steel trading enterprise，Steel trading business why frequently encountering the trap of money？

　　北京钢贸商会人士介绍说，按照目前的钢贸模式，贸易商通常都需要提前向钢厂支付预付款，按照每10天的间隔进行结算。对于下游贸易商来说，钢厂绝对优势，不仅价格主要由钢厂确定，而且连钢材的轧制时间、发货时间都得按照钢厂的来。通常在市场好的时候，钢厂推迟发货，在市场不好的时候，钢厂恨不得提前发货。眼下正是一波让钢贸商叫苦不迭的行情。“有时候钢厂的发货还没进库呢，市场就已经跌破进价了。这样的市场倒挂局面已经延续了两三个月。”该人士说。

Beijing steel trading chamber of commerce personage introduces said，According to current steel trading mode，Traders are usually needed to advance to the steel mills pay the deposit，Every 10 days in accordance with the interval of the settlement。For the downstream traders speaking，Steel absolute advantage，Not only the price mainly by the steel mills sure，And even the steel rolling time、Delivery time according to the steel mills。Usually in the market is good，Steel delayed delivery，In the market is bad，Steel mills to advance shipment。This is a wave let steel trading business either to complain of the market。“Sometimes steel delivery haven't into the library，The market has been below the purchase price。Such a market situation down has lasted for two to three months。”This person said。

　　而对于下游的用户来说，钢贸商同样被动。以供工地使用的建筑用钢材为例，一般都是先发货，工地付款通常已经在一个半月到两个月之后了。加上之前采购对钢厂至少提前10天交钱，一批钢材，整个周期下来，资金的回流最快也需要两个月。以一个普通工地5000吨钢材用量、每吨钢材4000元计算，钢贸商至少需要提前两个月拿出2000万作为本金。对于绝大多数贸易商来说，2000万本金，几乎都是来自银行。这就是钢贸商离不开银行的原因。

And for downstream users，Steel trading business the same passive。For site use of construction materials, for example，General all is first shipment，The site has been in a payment usually half to two months later。Before purchasing at least for steel mills and 10 days in advance hand in money，A group of steel，The whole cycle down，Capital backflow also need to be the fastest two months。As a common site 5000 tons of steel consumption、Every tons of steel 4000 yuan calculation，Steel trading business needs at least in two months out 20 million as principal。For the vast majority of traders speaking，2000 WanBenJin，Almost all came from the bank。This is the steel trading business cannot leave the cause of the bank。

　　北京万顺发科贸有限公司总经理萧文亭粗略算过一笔账，按照每吨4000元的价格计算，如果使用银行的贷款，贸易商每做一吨大约亏损20块。如果不用银行的资金，全部用自己的资金做周转，尚能保本甚至稍赚一笔。但问题是，有哪个贸易商有那么充裕的资金？又有哪个贸易商愿意提前拿上千万自有资金垫付呢？

Beijing shunfa all trade Co., LTD. Is a general manager XiaoWenTing rough bill，According to the price of $4000 per ton calculation，If use the loan to the bank，Traders each do a ton of about 20 of losses。If don't bank capital，With all his own funds do turnover，Still can make a fortune of guaranteed even slightly。But the problem is，Any traders have so plenty of money？And which traders are willing to take their own funds paid tens of millions in advance？

　　北京市金属材料商会秘书长、北京路诚鸿达机电设备有限公司总经理张春禄说，按照目前的钢贸模式，可以说没有一家钢贸商可以离开银行和担保公司，做到完全不用贷款。这是不可能的。

Beijing metal materials chamber of commerce secretary general、Beijing road of sincere the mechanical and electrical equipment, general manager of ZhangChunLu said，According to current steel trading mode，Not even a steel trading business can leave Banks and guarantee company，Do not complete the loan。This is not possible。

　　变革时机 Change time

　　张春禄介绍说，目前北京几家比较大的钢贸商都正在探寻新的商业模式，有的主做钢厂，有的主做工地，也有的在整合整个产业链。张春禄认为，眼下对于钢贸行业来说，是一个发生变革的时机，未来一个大趋势是钢贸将朝着交易平台的模式发展。

ZhangChunLu introduced said，At present Beijing several large steel trading providers are exploring new business model，Some Lord steel，Some Lord site，Also some in the industry chain integration。ZhangChunLu think，Now for the steel trade industry as a whole，Is a change of this time，Future a big trend is steel trading will toward the trading platform development mode。

　　事实上早在三年前，张春禄就曾带领北京金属商会组建过这样一个平台。2009年4月，北京、上海、广东三地钢贸商会牵头出资成立了一家钢材交易平台，他们为这家平台起了一个大气的名字——中金钢铁电子交易中心。这个平台的股东来自三个商会中的27家会员，每家出资100万。这些钢贸商希望，这个平台能够立足长三角、环渤海和珠三角地区，向全国辐射，最终实现全国钢材现货集中挂单、集中融资、集中采购和配送。“就像淘宝网做的那样。”张春禄说。

In fact as early as three years ago，ZhangChunLu had led a metal chamber of commerce have Beijing such a platform。April 2009，Beijing、Shanghai、Guangdong three steel trading chamber of commerce funded by a steel led trading platform，They for the platform up a atmospheric name-zhongjin steel electronic trading center。This platform shareholders from three of the 27 member house chamber of commerce，Every fund of 1 million。These steel trading business hope，This platform can be based on long triangle、The bohai sea and the pearl river delta region，To national radiation，Finally realize the national steel spot concentrated deity、Focus on financing、Centralized purchasing and distribution。“Like dragons do。”ZhangChunLu said。

　　这的确是一个非常大胆的计划。北京、上海和广州基本辐射了中国最具有钢材消费活力的区域，交易涵盖螺纹、线材、冷轧、中厚板、涂镀等六大主流钢材品种。

This is a very bold plan。Beijing、Shanghai and guangzhou China's most basic radiation with steel consumption energy area，Trades cover thread、wire、Cold rolling、plate、Tu plating and so on six big mainstream steel varieties。

　　尽管在成立之初，就有人质疑该平台能否成功，但也曾被不少人寄予厚望。不过，到今天这个平台已经销声匿迹。至于27家钢贸商投入的近3000万启动资金，张春禄说，“全当给行业探路做试验了”。

Although in the beginning of establishment of，They questioned the platform to be a success，But has also been a lot of people expected to do that。but，Today this platform has been extinguished。As for twenty-seven steel trading business investment of the nearly 30 million startup money，ZhangChunLu said，“When to convey the industry do test”。

　　当时有一个七八十人的团队，在上海组建了办公室，专门负责该平台的运作。张春禄为此还曾经常去上海。现在他总结说，“理念先进，行动落后”。

At that time they had a good team，Set up the office in Shanghai，To be responsible for the operation of the special platform。ZhangChunLu therefore had often go to Shanghai。Now he concluded，“Advanced concepts，Action behind”。

　　此后，中金钢铁电子交易中心几经辗转，被上海钢之源电子交易中心有限公司接手，钢之源的目标是，“打造一个中国钢铁服务业的阿里巴巴”。

Since then，Zhongjin steel electronic trading center after tossing and turning，Is the source of Shanghai steel electronic trading center Co., LTD. Took over，The goal is the source of steel，“Make a Chinese steel services alibaba”。

　　在张春禄看来，这样的理念是很好的。但是要真正地付诸实施，确实非常困难。不仅需要克服电子交易的很多技术问题，还要有与市场相衔接的各种措施。仅有钢贸商的参与，远远不够，银行、仓储、配送甚至下游的工地，都需要融合在一起，才能成为一张网。

In ZhangChunLu seems，This concept is very good。But really want to put into practice，Is really a very difficult。Not only need to overcome of electronic trading many technical problems，Have connected with market of the various measures。Only steel trading business participation，Far from enough，bank、storage、Distribution and even downstream of the site，All need together，To become a net。

　　中金钢铁电子交易中心夭折，并没有打消北京钢贸商对电子交易平台的热情。此后，北京钢贸商亦曾经试图以钢铁信息提供商兰格钢铁为平台，继续打造一个钢材电子市场。

Zhongjin steel electronic trading center die young，And not reassure Beijing steel trading by the electronic trading platforms enthusiasm。Since then，Beijing steel trading business also had tried to information provider for Lange, steel and steel platform，Continue to build a steel electronics market。

　　兰格钢铁最早创办于1996年，其董事长刘长庆是钢贸圈中最早介入钢材电子商务领域的人之一，兰格钢铁发布的数据和价格信息被北京乃至华北的钢贸商普遍采用。刘长庆也是北京金属材料商会的副会长。近两年，兰格一直试图在目前的信息咨询平台上，延伸搭建一个完整的钢材交易平台。据悉，北京金属材料商会的20余家规模较大的钢贸商，曾与刘长庆商讨过共同入股兰格，并在此基础上组建钢铁现货交易平台。但刘长庆并没有答应。有人分析称，“刘大概是担心一下子这么多人入股，兰格有被"瓜分"之嫌”。此后，国内最大的钢贸商之一五矿集团亦曾考虑收购兰格，但最终仍未成功。兰格谋建钢铁交易平台的计划仍在推进当中，有消息称，兰格目前在与一些银行商讨合作。

Lange steel first founded in 1996，The chairman LiuChangQing is steel trading in the circle in the electronic commerce field in the steel one of people，Lange steel data released and price information is Beijing and north China steel trading business the universal use。LiuChangQing is Beijing metal materials, vice President of the chamber of commerce。Nearly two years，Lange tried to present information consulting platform，Extensions to build a complete steel trading platform。It is reported，Beijing metal materials by the chamber of commerce of more than 20 large steel trading companies，Once and LiuChangQing discussed the common shares Lange，And on this basis form steel spot trading platform。But LiuChangQing and did not answer。Someone analysis says，“Liu is probably at so many people worry about a shareholder，Lange has been"Carve up"too”。Since then，The country's largest steel trading business minmetals group also had considered one of acquisition Lange，But in the end is still not successful。LanGeMou built steel trading platform plan is still in the midst，With the news，Lange is currently in some bank and discuss。

　　在萧文亭看来，走电商模式，通过电子平台交易，是钢贸发展的一个趋势。但是至少在5年内，现货贸易的模式还无法取代。但萧文亭预测说，周宁钢贸商的出路只有两条，一条是做现货，另一条便是专做电子交易。否则无路可走。

In XiaoWenTing seems，ZouDian business model，Through the electronic trading platform，Steel is a tendency of the development of the trade。But at least in five years，The trade pattern also spot cannot be replaced。But XiaoWenTing forecast said，ZhouNingGang trade business way out two only，A spot is doing，Another is in electronic trading。Otherwise no choice。

　　今年5月的一天，萧文亭遇到五矿发展(600058,股吧)的总经理姚子平时，曾被这位来自国企的少帅游说加入钢材电子交易平台，但是萧文亭拒绝了姚子平的邀请。

In may this year, one day，XiaoWenTing meet minmetals development(600058,Shares it)The general manager of the YaoZi at ordinary times，Was the from of the state-owend enterprise to join steel lobby ominous electronic trading platforms，But XiaoWenTing refused YaoZiPing invitation。

　　萧文亭说，电子商务对于钢贸来说，毕竟是一个新生事物，虽然阿里巴巴的模式很诱人，但钢材毕竟与一般的商品很不一样。

XiaoWenTing said，Electronic commerce is for the steel trade，After all is a new things，Although alibaba's pattern is very tempting，But after all and general merchandise steel is very different。