丽水农村金融改革的任务，不单是要解决农民融资难的问题，也要解决城乡差距大、普惠难的问题 Lishui rural financial reform task，Not only is to solve the problems of financing difficulties of the farmers，Also want to solve the big difference between urban and rural areas、Pratt &whitney difficult question

　　八问丽水农村金融改革之二 8 q lishui second rural financial reform

　　见习记者 谷力

Trainee reporter GuLi

　　本报记者 王月金

Our correspondent WangYueJin

　　“整个村有400来户，像我这样的老人，在村里有两三百户，家里孩子基本都出去打工了。如果不太需要用钱的话，可能要好几个月或者一年才去取一次钱。”6月13日，中国经济时报记者来到浙江丽水市莲都区仙渡乡滴水岩村助农取款服务点，恰巧碰到该村村民叶彩娇来取钱，邮政储蓄银行助农取款服务点设在该村村民陈春英的副食品店里。

“The whole village has 400 to users，Be like me so of the old man，In the village, 2 or households，Home basic work out all children。If it's no need to get the money，May be many months or a year just to get a money。”June 13,，China's economic times reporter came to zhejiang all over the area of lishui Ephraim township drop water rock village to help farmers withdrawals service，Happened to encounter the malizani villagers YeCai charming to take money，The postal savings bank to help farmers withdrawals service in the village of villagers samberg rr grocery store。

　　叶老太今年快70岁了，孩子在外打工。以前每次她手里缺钱用，都要坐车到仙渡乡的信用社去取钱，来回路费要6元，既费时又费钱，现在有了助农取款服务点就方便多了。

YeLao too fast this year at the age of 70，Children working outside。Every time before her hand with lack of money，All want to ride the township of credit cooperatives to cross to get money，To travel back and forth to $6，Both time-consuming and expensive，Now have the peasants withdrawals service is a lot more convenient。

　让农民在家门口取款 Let the farmers in the home withdrawals

　　“国家现在有很多支农富农的政策，涉农补贴有很多，有些地方甚至能有三四十种，种粮直补、农资补贴、生态林补贴、老人补贴、移民补贴等。”丽水市常务副市长陈瑞商在接受本报记者采访时表示，“补贴品种多，但是每种补贴的数额都很少，这使得农民取款很不方便。”

“Country now has a lot of support, the rich peasants policy，Agriculture subsidies has a lot of，Some places can even has kinds，Straight grain for、Agriculture subsidies、Zoology forest subsidies、The old man subsidies、Immigration subsidies。”The standing deputy mayor in lishui ChenRuiShang accept our newspaper reporter to interview said，“Subsidies varieties，But the amount of each subsidies is very few，This makes the withdrawals is not easy。”

　　人民银行丽水市中心支行工作人员给记者算了一笔账：一个老人，给他80元的老人补贴，他要坐车到县城取钱，一般来回路费就是20元，到县城吃个午饭又花掉10元，30块钱就这样没了。而之前浙江省实行的老人补贴标准是60元，也就是说，补贴款在路上，就有可能消耗了一半。

The people's bank central subbranch of lishui staff reporter to calculate a bill：An old man，Give him 80 yuan of old man subsidies，He rode to the county to take the money，General travel back and forth is 20 yuan，To the county have lunch and spend 10 yuan，30 dollars so lost。Before the old man of zhejiang province and subsidy standard is 60 yuan，That is，BuTieKuan in the way，May consume half。

　　“原来我们统计过，全市还有40多个乡镇没有任何银行网点，很多农村得不到最基本的金融服务。为了解决这个问题，2010年，我们提出来了一个助农取款服务的方案，报到人民银行总行，并得到了批准。”人民银行丽水市中心支行副行长王筱琴告诉记者，“我们这次解决问题，就不仅仅局限于40多个没有银行网点的乡镇了。只要是在农民有最基本的金融服务需求的地方，我们就去开展这项工作。”

“For we statistics，The city has over 40 without any banking outlets township，A lot of the countryside is not the most basic financial services。In order to solve the problem，2010 years，We carry out a withdrawal of the peasants service plan，Report to the people's bank head office，And get approved。”The people's bank of lishui, vice governor of the central subbranch WangXiaoQin told reporters，“This time we solve the problem，It is not just limited to no more than 40 bank site towns。As long as it is in the most basic of farmers have financial service needs place，We will go to carry out the work。”

　　记者了解到，开展助农取款的准备工作大致分为三步：第一步由邮政储蓄银行和农信社两家分片包干，各包几个乡镇；第二步由金融机构到村里选一家便利店，设立服务点，并出资在里面配上三样东西——一台专用POS机、一台验钞机和一个保险箱；第三步由金融机构给便利店的店主做培训，教会他们如何来开展这项业务。这些准备工作做好之后，村民拿着邮储银行或者农信社的银行卡，就可以从村里的代销店取现了。

The reporter understands，The peasants withdrawals in in the preparation of the roughly divided into three steps：The first step by the postal savings bank and the cooperatives two triangulating all-in，Each bag several towns；The second step by financial institutions to choose a convenience store in the village，Set up service，And in the capital contribution with three things--a special POS machine、A check chao machine and a safety deposit box；The third step by financial institutions to the convenience store owner do training，Teach them how to conduct this business。These preparations later，The villagers took YouChu bank or the bank card of the rural credit cooperatives，From the village to show ourselves......。

　　取款的手续其实很简单：取款人在POS机上刷卡，取现的金额会从取款人的账户转账到了便利店店主的账户上，而店主再从自有现金中提出相应金额的现金，交给取款人，完成取款业务。一个礼拜可以取三次，一次最多可以取到1000元。

Withdraw procedure is simple really：Withdrawals in POS machine，The amount of cash withdrawal from the account transfer to withdraw the convenience store of account，And the owner again from their own cash, put forward corresponding amount of cash，To withdraw people，Complete withdrawals business。A week to take three times，One can take up to 1000 yuan。

　　记者在陈春英副食品店的取款服务点，看到了三本台账：一本记录领取养老补贴，一本记录领取粮食直补，还有一本，记录的是转账存款业务。

Reporters in the grocery store samberg rr service outlets withdrawals，See the three this parameter：A record receive pension subsidies，A record for the food straight，And a，The record is transfer deposit business。

　　“我这里也可以转账的。比如老人家里放钱不安全，放到我这里来，我收下现金后，把我账户里的钱转到老人的账户里。”店主陈春英告诉记者：“以前没有转账存款的时候，只有单纯过来取钱，我要准备两三万块钱在家里，平时还好说，过年的时候取款压力不小。现在可以转账了，就好多了。我们村里有的农户种桃树，卖了桃子，不管多少，都拿到我这里做转账存起来，这样我手上的现金就多一些，足够周转了。以前他们存钱也是要跑到城里去的，现在不用了。”

“Here I can also transfer。Such as the old man is put in the home money not security，In my here，I take after the cash，Put the money in my account turn to the old man's account。”The shopkeeper samberg rr told reporters：“No transfer of deposit before，Only pure come and take money，I'm ready to 230 thousand dollars at home，Usually you，The Chinese New Year when withdrawals of pressure。Now can transfer，a。Some farmers in our village of peach，Sell the peach，No matter how many，I got here do save transfer，So I cash on hand is some more，Enough the turnover。They also to save money before go to the city，Now no。”

　　人民银行丽水市中心支行货币信贷处处长李建军告诉记者，像陈春英副食品店这样的助农取款服务点，政府每个月给一两百元补贴，算是劳务费，数额不大。而去年在信用卡助农取款服务上，丽水市发放的补贴一共也只有243万元，“这笔钱跟大工程相比很是微不足道，但是这些钱能产生的效益远远不止两三百万，有些无形效应是不可估量的。”

The people's bank of XinDaiChu currency central subbranch of lishui soloing told reporters，Like samberg rr grocery store such help farmers withdrawals service，The government is controlled yuan every month to subsidies，Labor is，Were scarce。Last year the peasants withdrawals in credit card service，The issue of lishui subsidies were only 2.43 million yuan，“The money compared with big project is very small，But the money can produce far more than the benefit of the 23 million，Some invisible effect is inestimable。”

　　在李建军看来，开展助农取款服务，可以加快货币在农村的流通速度，促进农村消费。除此之外，他还提到了补贴发放的透明度问题。“以前有的地方政府把农业补贴截留，农民也不知道。现在农民就可以掌握这个信息了，这个月的补贴到了没，POS机上一查就清楚了。”

In soloing seems，The peasants withdrawals in service，Can speed up the currency in the countryside velocity，Promote rural consumption。In addition，He also mentioned the issue of transparency subsidies。“Some of the local government before agricultural subsidies intercept，Farmers also don't know。Now farmers can master this information，This month's subsidies to didn't，POS out be clear about。”

　　截至今年5月末，丽水市2852个行政村，除去城中村与镇中村，已有2114个行政村设立了助农取款服务点，累计办理小额取现37.33万笔，金额7289.65万元。

By the end of may this year，Lishui 2852 administrative villages，Remove villages and town village，There are 2114 administrative villages set up to help farmers withdrawals service，For small show 373300 total pen，Amount of 72.8965 million yuan。

　要推广普惠金融服务 To promote pratt &whitney financial services

　　“在农村金融领域，最基本的服务能到位，就是最大的进步。”中国农科院农业经济与发展研究所农村发展研究室主任夏英在接受本报记者采访时表示。

“In rural financial field，The most basic service can reach the designated position，Is the biggest progress。”Chinese academy of agricultural economic and development institute rural development director of research XiaYing in accepting our newspaper reporter to interview said。

　　“助农取款，解决的就是最基本的金融服务问题，讲求的就是普惠二字。”丽水银行业一名不愿透露姓名人员还告诉记者，先前有关部门曾制定了一个规划，其中有一项，要求在85%的乡镇装ATM（自动取款）机。“事实上当时我们只有40%的乡镇有ATM机。一台ATM机的安装成本就要20万元，一年维护成本要五六万块钱，成本太高，不可行。有的乡没有金融机构的网点，谁去交钞？这都是问题。”

“Help farmers withdrawals，The solution is the most basic financial service problems，Of be particular about is pratt &whitney two characters。”Lishui banking a did not wish to be named, researchers also told reporters，Previous department had made a plan，There are a，The requirements in the 85% of the town outfit ATM（Automatic withdrawals）machine。“In fact when we only 40% of the town have ATM machine。One of the ATM machine installation costs will be 200000 yuan，A years maintenance costs to 560 thousand dollars，Cost is too high，Not feasible。Some township no financial institutions network，Who to JiaoChao？This is all problems。”

　　“我们去调研，得出结论，老百姓最需要的，就是小额取现。我们丽水农村金融创新工程，不是坐在办公室里拍脑袋想出来的，而是要去贴切市场需求，要有生命力。”人民银行丽水市中心支行行长孔祖根说。

“We go to research，conclusion，People need the most，Is to show small。We lishui rural financial innovations engineering，Not in the office take think out of the head，But to appropriate market demand，To have vitality。”The people's bank of lishui central subbranch KongZuGen governor said。

　　在他看来，城市化过程中，因为农村劳动力向城里的转移，在农村领域出现了农村劳动力老龄化、"空心村"的问题，这在有的地方是越来越突出的，政府需要对类似问题存在的农村地区给予更多的关注与投入，多下一些功夫。以目前城乡公共品阶段性的不均等化来要求最终实现城乡一体化，是不科学的。“财政投入都倾注到县城，把县城做大，吸引乡村的人才到县城就业。如此一来，GDP和家庭收入倒是上去了，工业也搞上去了。可老幼都留给了农村，农村怎么办？”

In his view，In the process of urbanization，For the transfer of rural labor in the city，In rural areas appeared rural ageing labor force、"Hollow village"problems，This in some areas is more and more outstanding，The government needs to similar problems of rural areas give more attention and investment，Some more time。At the current stage of urban and rural public not to demand equal access to realize the integration of urban and rural areas，Is not scientific。“Financial investment energies to the county town，The county do big，Attract rural talent to a county employment。so，GDP and family income is up，Industry also make up。But young and old to the countryside，Rural do？”

　　孔祖根认为，丽水农村金融改革的任务，不单是要解决农民融资难的问题，也要解决城乡差距大、普惠难的问题。“农民是弱势群体。农村金融整不出多少GDP来，见效也慢。商业银行追求的是利益最大化，政府与人民银行要是不去做引导工作的话，中国的城乡两极分化问题就难以解决。”

KongZuGen think，Lishui rural financial reform task，Not only is to solve the problems of financing difficulties of the farmers，Also want to solve the big difference between urban and rural areas、Pratt &whitney difficult question。“Farmers are disadvantaged groups。The rural financial whole not much to GDP，Effect is also slow。Commercial Banks are in pursuit of profit maximization，The government and the people's bank if not to do guidance work words，China's urban-rural divide is difficult to solve。”

　商业利益带来的小麻烦 Business interests brought little trouble

　　目前，在银行卡助农取款服务工作中，也存在着一些问题。

At present，In the bank card the peasants withdrawals in the service，There is also some problems。

　　“现在不同银行的POS机与银行卡之间是不能兼容的。”王筱琴对记者说，造成这一局面的，不是技术层面的问题，而是利益的问题。“金融机构出钱提供设备，付出了成本，我们政府就需要考虑照顾到金融机构的利益。比如代销店的点是邮储银行设置的，设备又是邮储银行买的，那么以后就要把这一片的涉农补贴资金都打到邮储银行，这样邮储银行的存款就多了。”在她看来，如果一开始就搞跨行交易，所有的银行卡都能刷的话，是没有一家银行愿意掏钱做前期投入的。

“Now the different bank POS bank card is not compatible with between。”WangXiaoQin told reporters，Cause this situation，Is not the technical problem，But the problem of interests。“Financial institutions pay provide equipment，Pay the cost，Our government should take into consideration to the interests of the financial institutions take care。Such as the point is established YouChu bank set，Equipment is YouChu bank to buy，Then later shall one of agricultural subsidies are hit YouChu bank，So YouChu money in the bank。”In her eyes，If a began to make an inter-bank deal，All of the bank card can brush words，Is no bank willing to pay to do the up-front investment。

　　“银行卡通用是未来的大方向，而现在还得一步步来。”王筱琴对本报记者说。

“Bank card is the general direction of future general，And now have to step by step。”WangXiaoQin to our correspondent said。