陈周锡

ChenZhouXi

　　浙江省银监局、省银行业协会、各地市银监局及银行业协会主要领导昨日齐聚杭州，紧急商讨“建立执行企业突发信贷风险会商帮扶工作机制”。

Zhejiang province the CBRC、Province banking association、Every city and the CBRC and banking associations, the main leadership in hangzhou yesterday，Emergency to discuss“Establish a credit risk in consultation with the executive enterprise supporting mechanisms”。

　　去年下半年至今，浙江相继爆发温州民间借贷危机，中小企业资金链断裂；衢州江山高利贷崩盘；嘉兴海宁宏昌制革法人负债超十亿跑路；杭州中江控股集团破产，被曝银行贷款约50亿；深陷互保危机，杭州600家企业联名上书省政府救助等案件。

Since the second half of last year，Zhejiang wenzhou folk lending crisis has erupted，Small and medium-sized enterprise capital chain rupture；Quzhou jiangshan usury crashed；Haining leather making legal liabilities of jiaxing HongChang super billions to run road；Hangzhou ZhongJiang holding group of bankruptcy，Be exposed to the bank loan of about 5 billion；Each other in the crisis，Hangzhou 600 enterprises provincial government signed a letter as a whole case。

　　一时间，浙江部分地区因资金链、担保链危机引发的企业信用风险，成为社会各界关注的热点。

time，Zhejiang some area of capital chain、Guarantee chain enterprise credit risk triggered by the crisis，Become the focus of the society from all walks of life。

　　“浙江市场经济先行，产生问题也会先发。”浙江大学区域与城市发展研究中心执行主任陈建军教授认为，房价和金融泡沫成分过大，已经使得浙江产业“空心化”和资金“热钱化”两大经济风险完全暴露。“现在看到的这些问题，只是退潮后谁在裸泳罢了。”

“Zhejiang market economy to go first，Problems also will start。”Zhejiang university area and urban development research center, the executive director ChenJianJun professor considered，House prices and the financial bubble composition is too large，Have made zhejiang industry“KongXinHua”And capital“Of hot money”Two big economic risk completely exposed。“Now see these problems，Just after the ebb who in swimming naked just。”

　　银行首启“会商机制” Bank first rev.“In consultation with the mechanism”

　　进入今年二季度，浙江企业资金链断裂的案例屡有发生，使得企业联保、隐性互保的风险被点燃并迅速蔓延。中国人民银行杭州中心支行数据显示，5月份以来，在出险的企业中，有60%是因为为其他企业担保代偿后，出现了资金困难。浙江省银监局数据显示，目前浙江所有的企业贷款中有40%是企业互保贷款。

In the second quarter of this year，Zhejiang enterprise capital chain rupture case sometimes occur，Makes the enterprise LianBao、The risk of mutual recessive is lit up and spread quickly。The people's bank of China hangzhou central subbranch data shows，Since may，In the enterprise of be or get out of danger，60% is because for other enterprise guarantee after compensatory，Appeared financial difficulties。Zhejiang province the CBRC data shows，At present the enterprise of zhejiang all loans is 40% of the loans enterprise each other。

　　由于深陷互保危机，杭州600家企业联名上书省政府救助，引起了各界人士对浙江经济的关注。

Because each other in the crisis，Hangzhou 600 companies signed a letter the provincial government aid，Cause the public on zhejiang economic concerns。

　　为响应浙江省政府金融专题会议26条金融服务措施，及省银监局《关于加强企业资金链风险管理工作的意见》要求，浙江省银行业协会制定了《关于建立企业突发信贷风险会商帮扶工作机制的指导意见》（下称《指导意见》）。该《指导意见》经2次信贷业务委员会会议专题讨论，并先后3次向省银监局征求修改意见。

In response to the government of zhejiang province financial sessions to article 26 financial service measures，And save the CBRC《On strengthening the enterprise capital chain risk management advice》requirements，Zhejiang banking association made《About building enterprise credit risk in consultation with a working mechanism of supporting guidance》（Said the《Guiding opinions》）。the《Guiding opinions》The two credit business committee conference topics discussed，And it has three times to save the CBRC for revision opinion。

　　该《指导意见》对会商会议机制的启动条件、议事准则、议事程序等做了详细的规定。企业发生重大突发信贷风险，并同时满足融资银行数量超过3家，融资余额超过5000万（含），保证融资占其融资余额的50%以上，为其保证的企业超过3家（含），或所处联保体、担保圈或担保链的企业超过10家（含）的，可启动会商机制。

the《Guiding opinions》In consultation with the start of the mechanism of the condition、's standards、By-laws, detailed rules。The enterprise produces major sudden credit risk，And at the same time satisfy the financing bank number more than three，Financing balance more than 50 million（contain），Ensure financing accounts for more than 50% of their financing balance，The guarantee for the enterprise more than three（contain），Or in LianBao body、Guarantee circle or guarantee of the chain enterprise over 10（contain）of，Can start in consultation with the mechanism。

　　据浙江省银行业协会透露，此次会商会议一项重要内容就是根据企业的不同情况，决定是否进行帮扶：对自身经营良好且有发展前景的企业应积极主动采取措施帮其渡过难关；对主业良好，但存在过度投资行为的企业，采取建议企业瘦身、逐步调整融资总量等手段，挽救企业；对不符合产业发展政策、属于淘汰落后产能或挽救无望的企业，则应平稳有序退出。

According to the banking association revealed in zhejiang province，The meeting in consultation with an important content that is according to the enterprise different situation，To decide whether to help：In their own business operation, good and have the prospects of development enterprise should be proactive to take measures to help her through；Its good to，But there is excessive investment behavior of the enterprise，Take advice enterprise thin body、Adjust gradually financing volume, means，Save enterprise；Not in conformity with the industrial development policy、Belong to backward capacity or save hopeless enterprise，It should be smooth and orderly exit。

　　产业“空心化”之忧 industry“KongXinHua”Worry about

　　中国民营经济的发源地温州，这个中国的“制造业之都”，如今还未从民间借贷危机、中小企业老板跑路的阴霾中走出来。

The birthplace of Chinese private economy of wenzhou，The Chinese“Of manufacturing”，Now is not from folk lending crisis、Small business owners run road go out of the haze。

　　事实上，这种“温州现象”，早在两年前就有过预警。

In fact，this“Wenzhou phenomenon”，As early as in two years ago there had been warning。

　　2010年8月初，温州市召开了上半年工业经济形势分析会，人民银行温州市中心支行提交的一份《金融支持工业经济运行分析》报告称，近年来，越来越多的民营企业外迁和民间资金外流，温州出现了“产业空心化”现象。另外该报告还建议，政府应拓宽民间投资的领域和空间，正确引导民间投资，防止新一轮资金大量外流或热钱化。

In early August, 2010，Wenzhou held the economic situation in the first half industrial appearing，The people's bank wenzhou central subbranch of a submission《Financial support industrial economy operation analysis》The report says，In recent years，More and more of the private enterprise outsourcing and folk capital outflows，Wenzhou appeared“Industry KongXinHua”phenomenon。In addition, the report also suggested，The government should broaden the private investment in the field and space，The correct guidance of private investment，To prevent a new round of funding or a large number of outflow of hot money。

　　于是，“产业空心化”和“资金热钱化”，先是温州市、后上升至浙江省各方热议话题。一位乐清市政协人士曾向《第一财经日报》记者表示，实际上，早在2001年中国低压电器之都的柳市，就有人士提出“产业空心化”说法，但并未引起政府部门的高度重视。

so，“Industry KongXinHua”and“Capital of hot money”，First the wenzhou、Rose to zhejiang province after all a topic of hot debate。A committee was to people of yueqing《The first financial daily》reporters，In fact，As early as in 2001 China low pressure electric appliance all located at liushi of，People have put forward“Industry KongXinHua”statement，But didn't attract the attention of the government department。

　　一位温州大型外贸企业负责人说，近十余年中，浙江企业融资贵、用工贵、材料涨价、人民币升值等一系列压力凸显。“2008年之前，尽管企业利润每年都在下降，但总体经营还是可以的。尤其是2008年至今，欧美经济状况不好，国内消费不景气，企业利润开始大幅下滑，一些浙江传统制造企业微利，甚至亏本经营。”

A large foreign trade enterprise of wenzhou，Nearly 10 years of，Zhejiang enterprise financing expensive、Accepting your、Materials costs more、The appreciation of the renminbi, a series of pressure highlights。“Before 2008，Although enterprise profit every year in decline，But overall business can still。Especially since 2008，Europe and the economic situation is not good，Domestic consumption recession，Enterprise profit began to decline，Some traditional manufacturing enterprise zhejiang broke even，Even lose money management。”

　　一位温州烟具行业协会负责人曾接受本报记者采访时表示，一度占据全国产量90%以上的温州金属打火机行业面临全行业萎缩。2008年以前，该市有打火机企业500家以上，至2010年剩下不足百家左右，且专心经营的老板也仅剩三分之一，“他们已经把重心转移到其他行业，比如房地产、矿产以及第三产业。”

A wenzhou yanju guild controller have received our newspaper reporter to interview said，Once occupied more than 90% of the national production metal lighter industry will face the wenzhou industry atrophy。2008 years ago，This city has a lighter enterprise more than 500，To 2010 insufficient hundred or so left，And concentrate on business boss also remains only a third，“They have put the center of gravity transfer to other industries，Such as real estate、Mineral and the third industry。”

　　类似打火机的产业萎缩状况，在浙江诸多产业领域频频上演，又进而加剧“资本热钱化”。

The cigarette lighter was similar in industry atrophy，In many industry fields on zhejiang frequently，And then aggravate“Capital of hot money”。

　　尤其在四万亿投资计划出台后，2009年年初，浙江启动新一轮房价大飙涨，两年时间不到房价几乎翻了一番；与此同时高利贷在民间极为盛行，月息四五分司空见惯。于是，当遭遇实业发展“瓶颈”时，浙江企业与各种“炒作”捆绑在一起。他们往往把企业作为融资平台，从银行或民间“套取”资金，投机投资“副业”而一夜暴富。

Especially in four trillion after investment plans to come out，In early 2009，Zhejiang to launch a new round of big house prices shoot up，Two years less than house prices almost doubled；At the same time is very popular in the folk usury，You borrow-and that is per month four or five points are common。so，When encountered industrial development“bottleneck”when，Zhejiang enterprises and various“hype”Bound together。They often put the enterprise as financing platform，From the bank or folk“Show the”funds，Speculative investment“sideline”And overnight。

　　一种“创富模式”在浙江企业之间广为传递。企业请人家来管理，不求赚钱，只要维系一定的生产量就可以；自己则忙着“包装”企业，拿着“漂亮数据”或者企业联保去银行贷款，用贷款投资“副业”房地产、放高利贷、买地等，赚取的利润要远高于主业。在投资或投机狂欢中，一旦经济形势发生变化，这种噩梦就不期而至。

a“Create richly mode”In zhejiang between enterprise widely relay。Enterprise please somebody else to management，Not make money，As long as the maintenance certain production；Is busy“packaging”enterprise，take“Beautiful data”Or enterprise LianBao went to the bank loans，With loan investment“sideline”Real estate、usury、Buy the land, etc，Earning margins to far higher than its main business。In the investment or speculative binge，Once the economic situation change，The nightmare is unbidden。

　　浙江金融抓手“两难” Zhejiang financial means“dilemma”

　　“浙江的企业其实不缺钱。”杭州德弘资产管理有限公司副总裁陈宇说，既然不缺钱，那企业为什么还要争先恐后去贷款？因为浙江老板有天然的敏感性和赌性。

“Zhejiang enterprise actually does not need the money。”Hangzhou DE hong asset management Co., LTD. Vice President researh material-11 said，Now that does not need the money，The enterprise why vie to loans？Because of the sensitivity of the boss have a natural zhejiang and bet on sex。

　　陈宇认为，一些浙江企业敢用短期贷款，去做中长期投资项目，于是不可测的风险就会非常多。

Researh material-11 think，Some zhejiang enterprise dare to use short-term loans，To do long-term investment projects，So uncertain risk will very much。

　　一位离任的银行信贷负责人说，浙江经济总量列在广东、山东、江苏之后，位列第四，但浙江金融机构家数位列全国之首，且信贷投放风险容忍度，远超过金融更为发达的上海、北京。目前几乎所有金融机构，都在浙江开设了分支机构。

A departure from the bank credit chief said，Zhejiang economy listed in guangdong、shandong、Jiangsu after，Was fourth，But zhejiang financial institutions in the number of across the country，And the supply of credit risk tolerance，Far more than financial more developed Shanghai、Beijing。Now almost all financial institutions，In zhejiang opened branches。

　　“接下去几年，对浙江经济发展最为关键。”陈宇昨天接受本报记者采访时认为，当务之急是发展债券市场、丰富多层次金融产品以及规范引导金融人才，“尽最大程度，吸引民间资金，回到实体经济中来”。

“The next few years，For the development of zhejiang economy is the key。”Researh material-11 yesterday accepting our newspaper reporter to interview think，The urgent task is to development of the bond market、Rich financial products and regulate multi-level guide financial talent，“Do maximum，Attract private capital，Back to the real economy”。

　　一位知情人士说，目前，浙江省金融办新设“小额贷款管理处”，管理不断涌现的小贷公司。“目前浙江处理经济问题，亟须一个强有力的金融抓手。”陈宇认为，隶属国家部委管控的庞大银行体系，浙江省显然没有权限对其指挥；于是，如何加强地方政府对金融的引导，也成为浙江颇为急切的工作。

A person familiar with the deal said，At present，Zhejiang financial do new set“Small loans management office”，Management the emerging small loan company。“Zhejiang currently dealing with the economy，Is a strong financial means。”Researh material-11 think，Membership state ministries of the large Banks control system，Apparently have no jurisdiction in zhejiang province on its command；so，How to strengthen local government to financial guide，Also become quite eager to work of zhejiang province。

　　陈建军认为，针对目前浙江经济“脓包”，要么敷药治疗，要么去浓疗伤，“都要一个阵痛期，需要时间和药力。”

ChenJianJun think，Aiming at the zhejiang economy“pustule”，Dressing or treatment，Either go to a strong to grieve，“Will a pains period，Need time and efficacy。”