中国金融博物馆有一幅金融与艺术的家谱图，受到众多访客的青睐。

China's financial museum has a picture of the financial and art family tree，The favour of by numerous visitors。

　　在这幅图上，活跃在15世纪意大利佛罗伦萨的美第奇家族被绘成粗壮根深的树干，而许多人们耳熟能详的伟大艺术家及其作品则被放置在茂盛的枝干上。

In the picture on，Active in the 15th century Italian fiorentina Medici family to be drawn with thick roots trunk，And many familiar-sounding great artists and their works have been placed in the lush branches。

　　这些艺术家包括拉斐尔、达芬奇、米开朗基罗、波提切利、多那泰罗、提香等，每个伟大艺术家都开创了历史，而美第奇家族则哺育了他们。不仅如此，受到美第奇家族资助的还有政治学家马基雅维利、科学家伽利略。而且这个家族还产生了三位教皇、两位法国皇后，其中一位还推动了法国卢浮宫的诞生。

These artists including rafael、Leonardo Da Vinci、Michelangelo、botticelli、Taylor:、Titian, etc，Every great artists have started the history，And the Medici family, has nurtured them。Not only that，By the Medici family funded and political scientists Machiavelli、Scientist Galileo。And the family also produced three Pope、Two French queen，One of them is also pushing the French the birth of the Louvre。

　　在经济史上，美第奇家族是现代金融业的开山鼻祖。13世纪以来，经过十字军东征的洗礼，欧洲通向地中海、红海和印度洋的传统海洋贸易路线被阿拉伯人切断，意大利成为欧洲最主要的贸易大国，热那亚人和威尼斯人控制了来自东方的丝绸和香料进口。

In the economic history，Medici family is the modern financial industry founder。Since the 13th century，After the baptism of the Crusades，European leads to the Mediterranean Sea、The red sea and the Indian Ocean traditional Marine trade route was cut off the arabs，Italy as Europe's most main trade country，Genoa and Venetian control from the east import silks and spices。

　　意大利人在跨国贸易扩张中积累了大量周转资金和财富，专门从事货币汇兑、货物抵押、结算、保险和有息贷款的商业银行在这个国家纷纷诞生。排斥贷款付息的基督教势力较为薄弱的佛罗伦萨逐渐成为金融中心。特别是在1252年发行了金币弗洛林后，佛罗伦萨创造的标准货币在整个欧洲被广泛采用，进一步巩固了佛罗伦萨银行业的地位。

The Italian international trade expansion, accumulated a lot of circulating capital and wealth，Specialized in currency exchange、Goods mortgage、settlement、Insurance and interest-bearing loan of commercial Banks in the country have been born。Exclusion loans and interest of Christian influence is relatively weak fiorentina gradually become the financial center。Especially in 1252 issued gold Flo 2 cor.，Fiorentina create standard money in the whole of Europe to be used extensively，Further consolidate the fiorentina banking status。

　　美第奇家族是13世纪到17世纪期间称雄于佛罗伦萨的名门望族。该家族最初经营兑换钱币的钱庄，后来随着财富的大量积累而设立了银行。在众多家族领袖中，三个重要人物维系了美第奇家族的传奇。

Medici family is the 13th century to the seventeenth century rule the roost for fiorentina noble family。The family business of the first change money money，Then with a lot of wealth accumulation and set up a bank。In many families in the leader，Three important character to sustain the Medici family legend。

　　乔瓦尼·美第奇(1360－1428)奠定了这个家族的财富和政治根基。1397年，乔瓦尼在佛罗伦萨建立了后来被金融界广泛认可的第一家股份制美第奇银行，1万弗洛林金币的资本中，乔瓦尼占55%。乔瓦尼专注于佛罗伦萨当时最为活跃的羊毛加工业和贸易业，采用所有已经被创新出来的商业票据等金融技术，迅速领先欧洲同行。

Giovanni parisi Medici(1360-1428)Laid this family wealth and political foundation。In 1397,，Giovanni in Florence set up later financial circles widely first a joint-stock Medici bank，10000 Flo forest gold in the capital，Giovanni accounted for 55%。Giovanni focus on fiorentina was the most active of wool processing and establishments，Using all have been innovation out of commercial paper, and other financial technology，Rapid leading European counterparts。

　　乔瓦尼在1402年担任了佛罗伦萨的银行商会主席，并通过资助艺术家提供市政建筑艺术作品赢得最初的社会声誉。特别是经过多年的人际关系经营， 乔瓦尼扶植了曾经落魄不堪的主教当选教皇。于是，美第奇银行在1410年接管了遍布全球的教区汇款和善款的经营活动。从此，为罗马教皇体系提供银行服务成为美第奇家族财务的长期资源。

Giovanni in 1402 as the fiorentina's bank chairman of the chamber of commerce，Through sponsoring the artist and provide municipal construction works of art won the original social reputation。Especially after years of interpersonal relationship management， Giovanni foster the had come down in the world and the bishop was elected Pope。so，Medici bank in 1410 around the world took over the parish remittance and funds management activities。From now on，For the Pope system provide banking services become Medici family financial resources for a long time。

　　对未来下地狱的恐惧和赎罪情结，成为美第奇家族始终看重和资助宗教艺术的一个内心动力。乔瓦尼是美第奇家族第一位赞助艺术的人，他欣赏并长期赞助马萨乔，正是这位早逝的天才在透视法等方面对绘画做出了彻底的改革。

For future hell fear and sin complex，Become Medici family always value and religious art funding a inner power。Giovanni is Medici family first sponsor the person of art，He appreciate and long-term sponsorship massa Joe，It was the genius of an early death in the perspective of painting made a thorough reform。

　　科西莫·德·美第奇(1389-1464)则代表这个家族的权力高峰，他在美第奇银行接管罗马教皇的财政后，利用宗教势力的支持，不断参加佛罗伦萨和托斯卡纳地区的政治角逐。

Families seamus DE Medici(1389-1464)Represents the family power peak，He in the Medici bank over the Pope after financial，Using the power of religion support，Constantly to fiorentina and the Tuscan area of political competition。

　　在经历了一段失败并接受政治流亡的过程中，科西莫沉浸在宗教艺术和历史遗迹的搜寻中，培养了对古代艺术和文献的鉴赏品味。科西莫在1434年回归佛罗伦萨，并长期操控市政府，成为无冕之主。

After a period of failure and accept in the process of political exile，Families seamus immersed in religious art and historical sites in the search，The cultivation of ancient art and literature appreciation taste。Families seamus in 1434 return to fiorentina，And long-term control the municipal government，Be without the Lord of the crown。

　　科西莫是希腊罗马时期文献和雕塑的狂热搜集者，请来了多那泰罗这样的同性恋艺术家为佛罗伦萨创造传世的大卫雕像。他还支持穹形屋顶的创造者布鲁内莱斯等一批建筑师全面改造了城区，宫殿、图书馆、教堂、修道院等纷纷采用希腊和古罗马的古典造型。这使得佛罗伦萨成为文艺复兴之城，成为欧洲艺术家云集之地。科西莫本人也是最重要的欧洲文艺复兴运动的推动者。

Families seamus is Greek and Roman period literature and sculpture fever collector，Please the star that such gay artists for fiorentina handed down from ancient times to create the statue of David。He also support the dome roof creator bloom in rice and a number of architect an overall reconstruction of the city，palace、library、church、The monastery in succession the Greek and Roman classical model。This makes the fiorentina become a Renaissance city，Europe land of artists gathered。Families seamus himself is the most important European Renaissance movement of the agents。

　　洛伦佐·德·美第奇(1449－1492)让美第奇这个家族真正与文艺复兴的伟大运动和佛罗伦萨的历史成就结合起来。他二十几岁便接替祖父科西莫的衣钵，与罗马教皇合作，巩固他在佛罗伦萨的支配地位。一次政治暗杀中的侥幸得生，让他更加注重强化军事实力，使佛罗伦萨成为控制周边的霸权国家。

Lorenzo DE Medici(1449-1492)Let the Medici the family and Renaissance really great movement and fiorentina history combine achievement。In his 20 s, will replace grandfather family seamus mantle，And the Pope cooperation，Consolidate his domination in Florence。A political assassination of live by，Let him pay more attention to strengthen the military strength，Make fiorentina become control surrounding hegemony countries。

　　不过，洛伦佐的伟大还是在于他亲自提携和资助了三位影响人类文化的艺术大师，即画出《维纳斯的诞生》和《春》的波提切利，画出《最后的晚餐》和《蒙娜丽莎》的达芬奇，以及画出《创世纪》和雕塑“大卫”的米开朗基罗。这三位大师以及日后间接受益于美第奇家族的伟大画家拉斐尔、政治学家马基雅维利和科学家伽利略等都是意大利和欧洲的一时之选，他们在各自领域的杰出成就也为洛伦佐带来伟大的光环。

but，Lorenzo great or is he personally support and funded the three influence human cultural master of art，Namely draw《The birth of Venus》and《spring》Of botticelli，draw《The last supper》and《Mona Lisa》Of leonardo Da Vinci，And draw《genesis》And sculpture“David”Of Michelangelo。The three masters and future indirect benefit from the Medici family great painter Raphael、Political scientists Machiavelli and scientists Galileo is Italian and European a choice，They in their respective areas of outstanding achievement for lorenzo bring great aura。

　　在三位杰出人物之后，由于欧洲稳定和平的环境不再，教廷争夺和意大利诸国与法国之间不断征战，美第奇家族后继者无力维持大局，多次被驱逐或剥夺权力，家族重心一度南移到罗马。再加上意大利羊毛加工业衰落，英国纺织业兴起，贸易和金融的中心也渐渐北移，美第奇家族每况愈下，不足百年便没落了。

In the three outstanding after characters，Since the European stable peaceful environment no longer，For the holy see and the Italy and France states between playing constantly，Medici family sequela unable to maintain the overall situation，Many were expelled or deprivation of power，Family center of gravity once gonadal to Rome。Plus Italian wool processing fading，Britain's textile industry rise，Trade and financial center also gradually move north，Medici family go from bad to worse，Less than one hundred years and the decline。

　　一个从高利贷生意起家。精于计算勾心斗角的金融家族，沉浸在中世纪前的古典浪漫艺术之中，并主导开启了文艺复兴时代，这与大众文化认知中对于金融家的定位相去甚远。

A usurious business from scratch。Quantifier intrigue against each other financial family，Immersed in the middle ages ago classical romantic art in，And the leading opens the Renaissance era，This and mass cultural cognition for financiers are positioning。

　　事实上，美第奇家族与后来的罗斯柴尔德家族、摩根家族、洛克菲勒家族等一样，在当时的传媒记载中也多是负面阴暗的，往往被政府和社会群体视为公敌而动辄得咎。这主要是基于他们强大的财富能力和社会影响力。他们的商业创新被视为巧取豪夺之举，他们的权势追求被视为阴谋和贪婪，他们的生活方式被视为炫耀与堕落，他们的性格和风格被刻意丑化和憎恶。

In fact，Medici family and later the rothschilds family、Morgan family、Rockefeller family etc，At the time of the media in the record is more negative dark，Often by the government and social groups as public enemy and a foot right。This is mainly based on their powerful wealth ability and social influence。Their business innovation is regarded as an heist，The power of their pursuit is considered as the plot and greed，The mode of their living is regarded as to show off and corruption，Their character and style was deliberately to smear and abhor。

　　值得注意的是，这些金融家族在社会声讨和文化鄙视中始终安然无恙地从事他们注定要创造的事业，持续积累财富和声名(即便是臭名昭著)，继续成为大众仿效和跟随的榜样。最终，正是这些被鄙视不懂文化艺术和举止粗俗的金融家族，用他们巨大的财富能力选择了我们今天所崇拜敬仰的文明里程碑。重温美第奇家族的历史，有几点值得我们反思。

It is important to note that，These financial family in social condemn and cultural despise throughout engaged in safe and sound, they are doomed to create business，Continuous accumulation of wealth and fame(Even if is notorious)，Continue to be popular imitate and follow the example。finally，It is these despised don't understand culture and art and manners vulgar financial family，With their huge wealth the ability to select the today we worship and respect civilization milestone。Revive Medici family history，There are a few points worth our reflection。

　　第一，商业和金融是艺术和文明的温床。

The first，Business and finance is a hotbed of art and civilization。

　　没有商业的积累、没有财富的投入、没有用财富来认可和衡量艺术的价值，艺术家就不能得到持续的支持从而摆脱贫穷的烦恼来专注艺术创造，也不能积聚交流，激发各自的才能，形成艺术家群体和作品的发现，甚至不能引发社会对于所谓艺术的认可。

No commercial accumulation、No wealth input、No wealth to recognize and measure the value of art，The artist cannot obtain the continuing support so as to shake off poverty troubles to focus on art creation，Also cannot accumulation communication，Inspire their ability，Form groups and artists works findings，Can't even trigger social for so-called art recognition。

　　即便人们总以梵高为例，试图证明伟大艺术家可以是饥寒交迫的产物，如果没有梵高弟媳的经营、传媒的发掘和不断接力的投资者支持，梵高会如许多同样伟大的艺术家一样被遗忘。

Even if people always to van gogh as an example，Trying to prove that great artist can be the product of hunger and cold，If there is no van gogh sister in law of business、Media excavation and continuous relay investors support，Van gogh as many of the same great artists are forgotten。

　　金融是创造价值的商业活动，不是巧取豪夺和毁灭社会财富的祸首。人类成长就会有产业的形成和分工的确定，价值交换是所有商业活动的核心。有产品交换和上下游产品的整合就自然有专业和专注的货币金融服务。

Finance is to create value of commercial activities，Not heist and destruction of the wealth of the society culprit。Human growth will have industry to determine the formation and division of labor，Value exchange is the core of all business activities。Product exchange and the integration of downstream products of natural a professional and dedicated monetary and financial services。

　　美第奇家族的成功经营，巩固和保证了14世纪－15世纪的佛罗伦萨成为欧洲贸易和商业中心，成为当时全球最富庶的城市，并有能力吸收当时最有才华的艺术家、科学家和学者，乃至教皇的关注。同理，今天金融最发达的城市，如纽约、伦敦、巴黎、东京、上海等，也同时是最发达的艺术文化中心。

Medici family business success，Consolidate and ensure the 14th century - 15 century fiorentina become European trade and business center，One of the world's most rich city，And have the ability to absorb at the time of the most talented artists、Scientists and scholars，And the Pope's attention。By the same token，Today the most developed financial city，Such as the New York、London、Paris、Tokyo、Shanghai，At the same time is the most developed artistic and cultural center。

　　第二， 财富应该掌握在什么人手里，换句话说，什么人能够最有效地将财富用于创造价值和人类进步，这是一个容易引发争议的问题，也是值得不断讨论的课题。

The second， Wealth should be in what hands，In other words，What person can most effectively will wealth used to create value and human progress，This is an easy to cause the dispute question，Is worth the discussion topic。

　　美第奇家族控制了佛罗伦萨的财富和政治，推动了艺术创造和带动了整个欧洲的文艺复兴。与此同时，法国的财富集中于国王手中，在欧洲到处穷兵黩武争夺地盘；罗马的财富集中于教皇手中，横征暴敛支撑着腐败与奢侈的时尚；威尼斯的财富则集中于商业贵族群体，唯利是图盛行商业实用主义。

Medici family controlled the fiorentina's wealth and political，Promote the artistic creation and leading the whole of the European Renaissance。meanwhile，The French king of the wealth hands，In Europe for site everywhere belligerency；Roma's wealth in the hand the Pope，Support the oppressor through corruption and luxury fashion；Venice's wealth is concentrated in the commercial noble group，Venality popular commercial pragmatism。

　　王权和教权垄断财富必然剥夺民间的创造性和自由主义激情，分散化的商权也难以超脱竞争压力而关注精神世界。美第奇家族最重大的贡献便是将目光投向艺术创造和科学创新，并且在佛罗伦萨成功地建立一种大众信念，即艺术和人文复兴才是真正的财富。他们不仅自己长期投资艺术，而且迫使自己的敌手也在这个平台上参与竞争。

Kingship and magisterium monopoly wealth will deprive folk creativity and liberalism passion，A decentralized quotient power also difficult to being competitive pressure and pay attention to the spiritual world。Medici family is the most important contribution is to turn their attention to artistic creation and scientific innovation，In Florence and successfully build a kind of public faith，The arts and the humanities revival is the only true wealth。They not only their long-term investment art，And forced his opponent in the platform also participate in the competition。

　　不过，多数获得了财务安全的艺术家们却是习惯性地刻意拉开与财富的距离，渲染自己的创造力与财富的负相关故事，甚至不断攻击财富给艺术带来的商业污染和低俗品味。这种艺术家的不自信恰恰表现了财富对艺术的呵护和宽容。

but，Most won the financial security artists is habitually deliberately opened the distance and wealth，Render their creativity and wealth of negative related story，Even constantly against wealth to art to bring business pollution and vulgar taste。This artist's not confident on the performance of the wealth of the art of love and tolerance。

　　第三，宗教、政治和法律对私有产权的保护和对艺术的尊重，是美第奇家族传奇得以实现的前提。

The third，religious、Political and laws on private property rights protection and respect for art，Is the Medici family legend to the realization of the premise。

　　美第奇家族内部的斗争与同敌对家族的竞争同样残酷，美第奇主人两度被政治流放并经历暗杀的洗礼。不过，美第奇家族的资产特别是大量艺术作品和珍藏文献，却始终得到甚至是敌对家族的保护。美第奇长期经营的宗教势力和政治体系都明确保护私有产权，政权和教权的更迭也没有绑架家族利益和市民利益。商人和金融家的社会地位始终是独立和具有尊严的。这与中国历史上将财产，包括人身，都当作政权衍生品和依附物的认知全然相反。制度的稳定与安全才造就美第奇家族在商业经营和艺术推动上的长期信心。

Medici family internal struggle with hostile family competition also cruel，Medici master was twice political exile and experience the baptism of the assassination。but，Medici family assets, especially a large number of works of art and literature collection，But always get even hostile to the protection of the family。Medici long-term management of the power of religion and political system are clear to protect private property，Regime and magisterium's shift is also not kidnap family interests and public interests。Businessmen and financiers social status is always independent and with dignity。This history with China property，Including personal，As regime derivatives and attachment content cognitive completely opposite。System stability and security to make Medici family in business and art promote long-term confidence。

　　金融家和金融市场的发展取决于金融之外的社会因素，特别是文化观念对财富的认同，政治法律对私人产权的保护，改朝换代对商业契约和人文传统的继承，等等。没有这样的土壤，金融的发展无从谈起。

Financier and financial market development depends on financial outside of the social factors，Especially the cultural concept of identity for wealth，Political laws on private property rights protection，A spell on business contract and the humanities the traditional inheritance，, etc。There is no such soil，Financial development mentioned。

　　作者为中国金融博物馆理事长

The author is China's financial museum director