上海市碳排放交易试点近日正式全面启动。

Shanghai carbon emissions trading pilot has a full official start。

　　“接下来，上海将加快碳排放交易相关基础体系的建设，为将来争取成为全国性的碳排放交易市场做好准备。”上海市常务副市长杨雄在8月16日举行的上海市碳排放交易试点工作启动大会上表示。

“The next，Shanghai will speed up carbon emissions trading relative basic system construction，For the future to become national carbon emissions trading market ready。”The standing deputy mayor of Shanghai YangXiong on August 16, at the Shanghai carbon emissions trading pilot work start meeting said。

　　“这是国内碳交易市场建设迈出的标志性步伐。”国家发改委副主任解振华如此评价上海启动碳排放交易试点。

“This is the domestic carbon trading market construction a landmark step。”The national development and reform commission deputy director exporters such evaluation Shanghai start carbon emissions trading pilot。

　　将有大约200家试点企业被纳入上海市碳排放交易，“试点企业通过参与碳交易市场，可以及早加快低碳技术的研发、引导前瞻性的投资选择、做好相关的人才储备、树立绿色低碳的形象，更显著的意义在于，通过加入碳排放交易试点工作，试点企业能提前参与相关规则的制定，为国家碳排放交易制度的设计提供借鉴，体现企业软实力。”解振华指出。

There will be about 200 pilot enterprises be included in Shanghai carbon emissions trading，“Pilot enterprises through participating in carbon trading market，Could help to speed up the low carbon technology research and development、Guide prospective investment options、Keep relevant talent reserve、Establish green low carbon image，The more significant significance lies in，By adding carbon emissions trading pilot work，Pilot enterprises can participate in the formulation of rules in advance，As the national carbon emissions trading system can provide reference for the design，Reflect enterprise soft power。”Exporters pointed out that。

　　值得注意的是，开展碳排放交易试点有三大难点，包括难以确定试点范围碳排放总量控制目标，相关基础制度和技术支撑欠缺，以及监管工作困难。

It is important to note that，Carry out carbon emissions trading pilot has three big difficulty，Including is difficult to determine the scope of carbon emission of total amount control target，Relative basic system and lack of technical support，And the regulation as well as work hard。

　　“力争在今年年底前，基本完成试点前期的筹备工作和基础体系建设，以确保明年年初能顺利开展碳排放交易。今年下半年到明年上半年，是上海市全面开展碳排放交易试点工作的关键时期。”杨雄指出。

“Strive to before the end of the year，Basically completed the preparatory work for the pilot basis and system construction，To ensure early next year can smoothly carry out the carbon emissions trading。The second half of this year to the first half of next year，It is the overall carbon emissions trading pilot work of the critical period。”YangXiong pointed out that。

　　上海的大抱负 Shanghai's big ambitions

　　上海的全国性抱负，在近日上海市政府公布的《上海市人民政府关于本市开展碳排放交易试点工作的实施意见》（简称《实施意见》）中已体现。

Shanghai national ambitions，In the recently published by the Shanghai municipal government《The Shanghai municipal people's government about this city to carry out carbon emissions trading pilot work of the implementation opinions》（Referred to as《Implementation opinions》）Has reflected。

　　“促进本市"碳服务"关联产业的发展和专业人才队伍、机构能力建设，为本市进一步发展创新型碳金融市场、建设全国性碳排放交易市场和交易平台、推动"四个中心"建设进行探索和实践。”《实施意见》这样阐述上海开展碳排放交易试点工作的指导思想。

“Promote the city"Carbon service"Correlation industry development and professional talent team、Institutions ability construction，For the further development of the city of innovative carbon financial markets、Construction national carbon emissions trading market and the transaction platform、promote"Four center"Construction of exploration and practice。”《Implementation opinions》This paper carbon emissions trading in Shanghai to carry out pilot work of the guiding ideology。

　　为实现上海在碳排放交易市场方面的抱负，上海各政府部门几乎是全方位参与。

For the realization of Shanghai in carbon emissions trading market of ambition，Shanghai each government departments is almost full participation。

　　8月16日的启动大会上，公布了上海市碳排放交易试点工作领导小组成员名单，由上海市常务副市长杨雄担任组长，成员包括上海市发改委、经信委、财政局、环保局、国资委、质监局、旅游局、金融办等相关负责人。该领导小组将负责上海市碳排放交易试点工作的总体指导和协调。

On August 16, start meeting，Announced the Shanghai carbon emissions trading pilot work leading group members，By the standing deputy mayor of Shanghai YangXiong as a leader，Members include Shanghai development and reform commission、By the letter、Bureau of finance、Environmental protection bureau、sasac、Pledges inspect bureau、Tourism administration、The relevant person in charge of financial office, etc。The leading group will be responsible for Shanghai carbon emissions trading pilot work of the overall guidance and coordination。

　　“碳排放交易机制是一种创新机制，和金融紧密相关，难度大、复杂程度高，在上海碳排放交易试点工作中，要紧密关注国际动态，学习国外经验，出台财政、金融等政府支持政策，并注重与其他试点省市的协调，以建设良好的、开放性的、兼容性强的碳排放交易系统。”上海市碳排放交易试点工作领导小组成员指出。

“Carbon emissions trading mechanism is a kind of innovation mechanism，And financial closely related，Difficulty big、Complex degree is high，In Shanghai carbon emissions trading pilot work，Close to pay attention to the international dynamic，Learn foreign experience，Issued financial、Finance and other government support policy，And pay attention to the coordination with other pilot provinces and cities，With the construction of good、open、Strong compatibility of carbon emissions trading system。”Shanghai carbon emissions trading pilot work leading group members pointed out。

　　为争取将来成为全国性的碳排放交易市场，上海在碳排放交易试点准备过程中，一直注重与国际发达国家以及其他碳排放试点省市的交流。

In order to strive for the future into a national carbon emissions trading market，Shanghai in carbon emissions trading pilot preparation process，Always pay attention to and developed countries and other international carbon emissions pilot provinces and cities of communication。

　　“先后对欧盟及美国、日本、澳大利亚等国家的碳排放交易体系进行深入地学习和研究，还与北京、广东等进展较快的试点省市开展经验交流。”上海市发改委秘书长周强指出。

“Successively in the European Union and the United States、Japan、Australia and other countries of the carbon emissions trading system in-depth study and research，Still with Beijing、Guangdong progress faster pilot provinces and municipalities to carry out the exchange of experience。”The development and reform commission (NDRC), zhou qiang, pointed out that general secretary。

　　“上海意图将来成为全国性的碳排放交易市场，愿望是很美好的，上海的金融业、服务业也很发达，高学历、高素质人才众多，具备不少独特的条件。但是，首先上海的碳排放交易试点工作要取得成功。”一位碳市场观察人士对本报记者表示。

“Shanghai intention to become the future national carbon emissions trading market，Desire is very good，Shanghai's financial industry、Service industry is also developed，Highly educated、Many high quality talents，Have many unique conditions。but，First of all Shanghai's carbon emissions trading pilot work to achieve success。”A carbon market observers to our reporter said。

　　事实上，除了意图掌握碳排放交易市场的话语权，上海开展碳排放交易试点工作，也是为了完成国家下达给上海的节能目标，“十二五”期间，国家下达给上海的节能目标是单位GDP能耗下降18%、碳排放强度下降19%，幅度均高于全国平均水平，节能减排压力颇大。

In fact，In addition to intention master carbon emissions trading market power，Shanghai to carry out pilot work carbon emissions trading，In order to complete the country is issued to Shanghai energy saving target，“1025”period，Country to Shanghai to energy saving goal is to energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 18%、Carbon emissions intensity fell by 19%，Amplitude are higher than the national average，Energy conservation and emission reduction pressure is quite big。

　　“开展碳排放交易试点工作，是上海推进转型发展，完成节能目标的重大创新。"十一五"以来，上海根据国家的要求，综合运用行政手段、经济政策和法律措施，来推动节能减排，较好地完成了国家下达的要求，但同时，我们运用的市场化手段还不够，而运用市场交易的手段来推动节能低碳，无论是对企业，还是对全上海市的转型发展，都值得探索。”杨雄指出。

“To carry out pilot work carbon emissions trading，Is Shanghai propulsion transformation development，The complete energy saving target a significant innovation。"11th five-year plan"since，Shanghai according to the requirements of the state，The integrated use of administrative means、Economic policy and legal measures，To promote energy conservation and emissions reduction，Well fulfilled the state issued requirements，But at the same time，We use the marketization of means is not enough，And the use of market transaction means to promote energy saving low carbon，No matter whether the enterprise，Or to the transformation of the whole Shanghai development，All is worth exploring。”YangXiong pointed out that。

　　企业与政府的博弈 The enterprise and the government's game

　　按照近日上海市政府公布的《实施意见》，在上海碳排放交易试点期间，将对试点企业免费发放碳排放初始配额，本报记者了解到，初始配额得以免费发放，是拟纳入碳排放交易试点企业与上海市政府博弈的结果。

According to the Shanghai municipal government recently published《Implementation opinions》，Carbon emissions trading in Shanghai during the pilot，To pilot enterprise distributed free carbon emissions initial quota，Our newspaper reporter to know，Initial quota to freely，Is quasi into carbon emissions trading pilot enterprise and of the Shanghai municipal government, the result of the game。

　　“市发改委组织有关专业机构开展了前期调研，通过赴重点行业企业现场调研，召开企业座谈会，书面发放调查表，先后与近200家企业进行了交流和座谈，听取企业意见和建议，较充分地了解了本市重点排放企

“Municipal development and reform commission (NDRC) organize the relevant professional organizations to carry out a preliminary investigation，Through to the key industries and enterprises in the site survey，Enterprise symposium held，Written issuing questionnaires，And has nearly 200 enterprises has carried on the exchange and discussion，Listen to the enterprise comments and Suggestions，A full understanding of the key enterprises in this municipality emissions

　　业和主要工业行业的运行现状和发展规划、企业主要能耗及碳排放情况和企业能源管理情况等。”周强表示。

Industry and the main industry operation situation and development planning、Enterprise main energy consumption and carbon emissions and enterprise energy management situation, etc。”, zhou qiang, said。

　　与企业交流和座谈的结果之一是，试点企业可获得免费的碳排放初始配额。

And the enterprise communication and discussion is one of the results，Pilot enterprises can get free carbon emissions initial quota。

　　“理论上，应该实行有偿分配，但是在实际行动中，尤其在碳排放交易初期，只能通过免费发放配额来吸引企业进入碳排放交易市场，国际上，包括欧盟EU ETS也是这样做的。”上述碳市场观察人士对本报记者表示。

“In theory，Should be compensated distribution，But in the real action，Especially in the early carbon emissions trading，Only through the distribution of free quota to attract enterprise into carbon emissions trading market，The international，Including the EU EU ETS is also do so。”The carbon market observers to our reporter said。

　　“配额分配方面，既要保证不要加重企业负担，以调动企业积极性，也要保证一定的市场需求。碳排放交易规则的设定，要按照先易后难、循序渐进的方法，从有利于调动企业参与积极性的角度出发，制定出便于企业参与的制度，一方面，企业要意识到控制碳排放是全球应对气候变化的主要措施，也是我国经济社会发展的必然要求，另一方面，也要让企业看到碳市场给企业低碳发展的机遇。”解振华指出。

“Quota distribution，Which not only have to guarantee don't increase enterprise burden，To stimulate the initiative of the enterprises，And to ensure that the certain market demand。Carbon emissions trading rules of the set，According to the difficult first after easily、The method of step by step，From which is helpful for mobilizing the enthusiasm of the enterprises to participate in the view，Work out for enterprises to participate in the system，On the one hand，Enterprise realize to control carbon emissions is a global climate change main measures，Is China's economic and social development request inevitably，On the other hand，Also want to let enterprise see carbon market to the enterprise low carbon the development opportunity。”Exporters pointed out that。

　　“我们将积极配合上海市政府，配备相应人员，理顺公司碳排放相关计量监测体系，主动配合相关部门做好宝钢的碳排放盘查和核查工作，积极参与碳排放交易试点工作。”宝钢集团有限公司副总经理赵昆在会上表示。

“We will actively cooperate with the Shanghai government，Equipped with relevant personnel，Straighten out the company carbon emissions related measurement monitoring system，Actively cooperate with the related department to make baosteel carbon emissions inventory and verification，Actively participate in carbon emissions trading pilot work。”Baosteel group co., LTD., deputy general manager ZhaoKun said at the meeting。

　　“我们相信，上海赛科能够在参与碳排放交易中，实现自己的社会效益和经济效益。上海赛科已建立了在线能源管理系统，该系统能在线监测能源消耗情况，优化碳管理。”上海赛科石油化工有限责任公司相关负责人表示。

“We believe that，Shanghai secco can participate in carbon emissions trading，To achieve their social benefits and economic benefits。Shanghai secco has established online energy management system，The system can on-line monitoring energy consumption，Optimization carbon management。”Shanghai secco petrochemical co., LTD. Officials say。

　　除了钢铁、石化行业等工业行业重点排放企业，上海碳排放交易试点一个比较独特的地方是，宾馆、金融等非工业行业重点排放企业，也被纳入试点范围。

In addition to iron and steel、Petrochemical industry and other industries key emissions enterprise，Shanghai carbon emissions trading pilot a more unique place is，hotel、Finance and other non-industrial industry key emissions enterprise，Also be included in the scope。

　　“旅游业是对气候变化高度敏感的行业之一。锦江集团将做好碳排放盘查、报告、注册、登记工作，主动参与碳排放交易。”锦江集团相关负责人表达了积极参与碳排放交易的意愿。

“Tourism is highly sensitive to climate change one of the industry。Jinjiang group will make carbon emissions inventory、The report、registered、Registration work，Actively participate in carbon emissions trading。”Jinjiang group related person in charge expressed actively participate in carbon emissions trading will。

　　交易试点三大难点 Trading pilot three big difficulty

　　开展碳排放交易试点有三大难点，包括难以确定试点范围碳排放总量控制目标，相关基础制度和技术支撑欠缺，以及监管工作困难。

Carry out carbon emissions trading pilot has three big difficulty，Including is difficult to determine the scope of carbon emission of total amount control target，Relative basic system and lack of technical support，And the regulation as well as work hard。

　　“碳排放交易机制的基础和核心是设定一定范围内的碳排放控制目标，并在这一目标下进行碳排放配额的分配，目前，我国处于工业化的中心，碳排放增量不可避免，上海是我国第三产业发达的城市，但依然呈现产业结构偏重的格局，尤其是全市人口持续增长，人均生活水平不断提高，以及工业生产和公共建筑面积不断增加，全市能源消费和碳排放量，在未来一段时期内，仍旧呈逐年上升趋势。”上海市碳排放交易试点工作领导小组成员指出。

“Carbon emissions trading mechanism of the foundation and core is set to a range of carbon emission control target，And in this goal under the distribution of carbon quota，At present，China is in the center of the industrialization，Carbon emissions incremental inevitable，Shanghai is China's third industry developed city，But still present industrial structure on the pattern，Especially the population growth，Per capita living standard continuously improve，And industrial production and public building area increased，The energy consumption and carbon emissions，In the future period，Is still increasing year by year。”Shanghai carbon emissions trading pilot work leading group members pointed out。

　　在这种情况下，企业面对未来不确定的经济形势预期，其产业规划和生产规模也很难确定。因此，确定上海市试点范围的碳排放总量控制目标，具有难度。

In this case，Enterprise facing the future uncertain economic situation is expected，The industry planning and production scale and it is difficult to determine。therefore，To determine the scope of Shanghai carbon emissions total amount control target，Has difficulty。

　　另外，中国碳排放交易市场的建设，从7个试点省市开始做起，必然带来相关基础制度和技术支撑欠缺。

In addition，China's carbon emissions trading market construction，From seven to start pilot provinces and cities，Will bring related basic system and lack of technical support。

　　“碳排放交易是一项系统工程，未来要考虑与全国和国际接轨，又要考虑目前上海的实际情况，需要行政、经济、法律等多项制度和措施组合支持。目前，国内和上海市，与碳排放相关的报告、核查、管理措施还很缺乏，还没有统一的碳排放核算和标准指南，需要试点省市来进行探索，以形成一套基本符合国际惯例的，具有可操作性的办法。”杨雄指出。

“Carbon emissions trading is a system engineering，To consider the future with the national and international standards，And to consider the actual situation of Shanghai currently，Need administrative、economic、The law and so on many system and measures combination support。At present，Domestic and Shanghai，And carbon emissions related report、check、Management measures is still lack of，Have not unified carbon emissions accounting standards and guidelines，Need to pilot provinces and cities for exploration，In order to form a set of basic in line with international practices，Operable measures。”YangXiong pointed out that。

　　据透露，全上海市温室气体排放清单编制工作已经基本完成，基本摸清了上海2005年和2010年碳排放的家底。7月初，上海市政府正式发布了《实施意见》，已经确定了试点工作的主要框架。

According to reveal，The whole Shanghai greenhouse gas emissions list preparation work has been basically completed，The basic of the Shanghai 2005 and 2010 carbon resources。In early July，Shanghai municipal government officially released《Implementation opinions》，Has determined the pilot work of the main frame。

　　到目前为止，上海市有关部门开展了大量调研工作，已初步形成碳排放交易管理办法，企业碳排放监测和报告指南，各行业碳排放的核算方法，初始配额分配方法等。

So far，The relevant departments to carry out a lot of research work，Initially has formed the measures for the administration of the carbon emissions trading，Enterprise carbon emission monitoring and reporting guidelines，The accounting method of various carbon emissions，Initial quota allocation method, etc。

　　至于监管方面，《实施意见》以及8月16日的上海市碳排放交易试点工作启动大会，均提出要建立碳排放交易监管体系，但是并没有详细说明要如何监管。

As for the regulatory，《Implementation opinions》As well as of August 16, Shanghai carbon emissions trading pilot work start meeting，Are put forward to establish carbon emissions trading supervision system，But it did not elaborate on how to supervision。

　　“碳排放交易市场作为新生市场，有赖于逐步的培育和完善，在试点初期阶段，市场抵御风险的能力比较弱，只考虑现货交易，条件成熟之后，才考虑期货交易。试点工作的主管部门要及时地掌握市场价格波动的情况，采取必要措施防范投机行为，也要设定好风险防控的机制，维护市场稳定的机制。”解振华指出。

“Carbon emissions trading market as a new market，Depends on gradually cultivate and perfect，In the pilot initial stage，Market to resist the ability of the risk are weak，Only think about spot transaction，Conditions mature after，Just consider futures trading。The pilot work of the competent departments shall timely grasp the situation of market price fluctuation，Take necessary measures to prevent speculation，Also want to set the risk prevention and control mechanism，Maintain the market stability mechanism。”Exporters pointed out that。