温州银行业一向标榜自己的不良贷款率是全国最低，但根据温州银监分局的统计数据，截至今年7月末，温州银行业整体不良率接近3%，远高于全国水平。

Wenzhou banking has always been flaunt their bad loans is the lowest，But according to wenzhou branch silver prison statistical data，By the late July this year，Wenzhou banking overall defect rate close to 3%，Is much higher than the national average。

　　“我在年初就预言2012年下半年温州的民间借贷风险将转嫁，出现金融危机风波，当时没人能听进去。”温州中小企业促进会会长周德文近日接受《华夏时报》记者采访时抱怨，他在今年年初就多次提到这种风险，却没人去搭理他的“乌鸦嘴”。

“I am in the beginning of the second half of 2012 prophecy wenzhou folk loan risk will be passed on，In the financial crisis storm，At that time no one can hear it in。”Wenzhou small and medium-sized enterprises promotion association President ZhouDeWen recently accepted《The Chinese times》A reporter to interview complain，In his earlier this year many times just mentioned that this kind of risk，But no one to rap to his“The crow mouth”。

　　据业内人士分析，2009年四万亿砸下后，温州银行过度授信，大量企业流动性资金流向房地产，引发产业空心化。2011年银根收紧，资金链断裂，继而将风险传递至银行机构。由于杠杆作用，产业空心化在温州先爆发，接下来可能会蔓延至上海、江苏等地。

According to the personage inside course of study，2009 years after the four trillion hit，Wenzhou bank excessive credit，A large number of enterprise liquidity capital flows to the real estate，Cause KongXinHua industry。2011 monetary policy tightening，Capital chain rupture，Then will risk transfer to banking institutions。Due to leverage，KongXinHua industry in wenzhou first outbreak，Next may spread to Shanghai、jiangsu。

　

　不良率连升12个月 Defect rate even up 12 months

　　2011年6月末，温州银行业不良贷款率仅为0.37%。去年8月温州市银监分局一位负责人接受本报记者采访时还“沾沾自喜”，表示这一数字“比年初下降0.07个百分点，不良贷款率再创新低”。

At the end of June 2011，Wenzhou banking bad loans is only 0.37%。Last August wenzhou branch silver prison a controller to accept our newspaper reporter to interview also“complacence”，Says the Numbers“At the beginning of more than 0.07% decline，Bad loans hit new lows”。

　　然而，到了今年6月，这一数字已经变成了2.69%。“一年时间，从0.32%到2.69%，从金融最好的地级市几乎一夜间变成最差的地级市，说明温州的银行业出问题了。”一位在温州从事银行工作的人士接受本报记者采访时如是感慨。

however，In June this year，This figure has been changed to 2.69%。“A year，From 0.32% to 2.69%，From the financial best locally administratered level almost overnight into the worst locally administratered level，Explain wenzhou's banking out the problem。”A bank in wenzhou is engaged in the work of the people accept our newspaper reporter to interview if regrets。

　　温州市金融办主任张震宇日前接受记者采访时表示，今年6月份之前的数据显示，温州金融机构不良贷款率虽然还存在一个爬坡的过程，但基本已经到顶。但中国人民银行温州市中心支行有关人士预测，温州市银行业平均不良率将继续上升，估计高点会在今年10月前后达到4%左右，并在此后维持高位运行。

Wenzhou financial do director ZhangZhenYu recently when accepting a reporter to interview said，In June this year before the data display，Wenzhou financial institutions bad loans even though there is a process of climbing，But the basic has reach the summit。But the people's bank of China wenzhou center branch concerned personage prediction，Wenzhou banking average defect rate will continue to rise，Estimates will be high in October and around 4%，And after maintain high operation。

　　2012年以来，温州区域内的银行显得更为惜贷，部分银行甚至上收信贷审批权限至省级分行。因业务量萎缩，个别银行甚至撤并网点、收缩战线。

Since 2012，Wenzhou area bank appears more arisen，Part of the bank or even collecting from the credit examination and approval authority to provincial branch。Because of the traffic atrophy，Individual bank even merging node、Contraction front。

　　随着不良贷款率持续上升，温州市政府专门发布《印发温州市银行业金融机构不良贷款专项处置工作方案的通知》，成立温州市银行业金融机构不良贷款专项处置工作领导小组，与市企业服务百日克难行动办公室、市企业风险应急处置办合署办公。

With bad loans continue to rise，Wenzhou government special release《Wenzhou issued by the banking financial institution non-performing loans special disposal work plan circular》，Wenzhou established banking financial institution non-performing loans special disposal work leading group，And city enterprise service one hundred day grams difficult action、City enterprise risk emergency disposal of the reconsideration office do。

　　8月16日，在平安银行(000001,股吧)召开的2012年中期业绩报告会上，平安银行行长理查德重点指出，上半年银行不良贷款率较年初上升0.2个百分点，其中银行不良贷款主要集中在制造业和商业。从区域来看，新增不良贷款主要集中在温州。浦发银行(600000,股吧)此前也披露，新增不良贷款集中在温州和杭州地区，其他地区的贷款质量基本保持稳定。针对温州和杭州地区2012年上半年增加的信用风险，公司在计提贷款准备金时已经予以考虑。

On August 16,，In pingan bank(000001,guba)At the middle of 2012 performance report meeting，Peace bank President Richard pointed out with emphasis，The bank bad loans in the first half of the year rose 0.2%，The bank non-performing loans mainly concentrated in the manufacturing and business。From regional to see，New bad loans mainly concentrated in wenzhou。Shanghai pudong development bank(600000,guba)The disclosure，New bad loans concentrated in wenzhou and hangzhou area，Other parts of the loan quality basic remained stable。In wenzhou and hangzhou area in the first half of 2012 the increase credit risk，The company in the withdrawal loan reserve have been considered。

　　不良贷款持续反弹，资产保全和不良资产清收成了各行的首要工作。6月初，温州招行就下发了《关于加强不良资产清收考核与管理的通知》，规定“谁发放、谁清收，谁负责、谁考核，一户一方案”，从2012年6月开始至2013年5月31日为“资产质量保卫年”，把催收不良贷款作为全行工作的重中之重来抓。

Bad loans continued rebound，Asset preservation and bad assets recovery became every's first job。Early June，Wenzhou China merchants bank is issued《On strengthening the bad assets recovery assessment and management of the notice》，provisions“Who issued、Who recovery，Who is responsible for、Who assessment，A door a scheme”，From June 2012 to start on May 31th, 2013, for“The asset quality defend years”，The collection non-performing loans as a top priority in the work of the son to grasp。

　　有效需求不足 Insufficient effective demand

　　“尽管宏观经济基调是稳增长，央行连续两次降息释放货币放松预期，地方投融资重新活跃。但由于实体经济不振，更多的企业投资欲望不强。今年上半年，不少银行出现了罕见的放贷款难。”周德文说。

“Although the macro economic fundamental key is steady growth，The central bank to cut interest rates for the second time in a row release currency is expected to relax，Local investment and financing to active。But due to the entity economic malaise，More enterprise investment desire is not strong。In the first half of this year，Many Banks appeared rare loan difficult。”Messina said。

　　记者在温州采访期间，温州市经信委一内部人士坦言：“现在所有的企业数据拿出来都是最难看的时候，没什么好说的，这段时间不会接受任何媒体采访。”

Reporter in wenzhou during the interview，By the letter of the one source said：“Now all the enterprise data out is the most ugly time，There is nothing to say，This period of time will not accept any media interview。”

　　今年6月，温州市金融办一份名为《关于温州社会融资情况的调查报告》（下称《调查报告》）显示，当地61%的民营企业认为资金紧张，平均资金缺口为22%，中小企业资金链仍遭受严峻考验。

In June this year，Wenzhou financial do a name《About wenzhou social financing situation report》（said《report》）display，The local 61% of the private enterprise think financial strain，Average financing gap is 22%，Small and medium-sized enterprise capital chain still suffer from severe test。

　　7月底，浙江省人大财政经济委员会一份调研报告显示，温州企业减产停产现象增多，全市3998家规模以上工业企业中，60.43%的企业减产停产。

The end of July，The financial and economic committee of the National People's Congress of zhejiang province a research report，Wenzhou enterprise production increased halts，The whole city 3998 in industrial enterprises above designated size，60.43% of the enterprise production cut。

　　在记者1周内临时取样调查走访的8家实业企业中，其中4家企业主表示无论多苦都要坚持做下去；3家老牌实业公司企业主，倾向思考下一步“关、停、转”；1家稍显年轻的企业主之前做过一些投机性项目，他倾向于马上暂停所有业务，“没心思做投资，这样的环境能做什么，有好项目也做不好。”

At the press 1 weeks temporary sampling investigation visit eight industrial enterprises，Four home business owners said no matter how bitter to hold on to it；Three old industrial company business owners，Tend to think about the next step“shut、stop、turn”；1 home slightly young business owners had done before some speculative project，He tends to immediately suspend all business，“No mind to do investment，Such an environment can do what，A good program also do bad。”

　　一边是民营企业缺钱贷不到，一边是银行钱多放不出去，到底是何原因？

One is the private enterprises lack of money borrow less than，One is the bank money put not go out，Exactly why？

　　“企业见形势不好，不搞生产了，停止生产、经营，整个融资需求减弱。”银监分会温州分局乐清办事处主任郑晓峰坦言当前形势，企业难，银行业也苦。“老客户续贷困难，难保他们不出问题。还有很多客户，接触之中了解到其本身是没问题，但往往是担保公司出现问题拖累他们。一般上规模的企业基本身处两三个担保圈，涉及几十个企业，不好保证链条上一家企业都不出现问题，这也不是某家银行能掌控到的。”他说。

“Enterprise see situation is not good，Don't make the production，Stop production、business，The whole financing demand weakened。”Silver prison branch wenzhou yueqing branch office director ZhengXiaoFeng said the current situation，Enterprise difficult，Banking also bitter。“And old customers continue credit difficulty，For they do not out of the question。There are many clients，In the contact to know its itself is no problem，But is often guarantee company problems drag them。General on the scale of enterprise basic in two or three guarantee ring，Involved in dozens of enterprise，Not guarantee a chain enterprise are not problems，This is not a Banks to control。”He said。

　　平安银行内部的一位人士认同郑晓峰的观点。他认为，2008年的金融危机主要是对外贸企业产生影响，这次不但外贸出现困难，内贸也出现了问题，这样给有效融资需求带来了影响。“上个月，我们给一家客户授信5000万，但他只贷了1000万后就不再贷了，理由是没什么好项目可投资，钱用不了那么多。”他告诉记者。

Peace within the bank a personage identity ZhengXiaoFeng point of view。He thinks，2008 financial crisis is mainly to foreign trade enterprise impact，This not only foreign trade difficulties，Domestic trade is also a problem，This gives effective financing demand brought influence。“Last month，We give a customer credit extension 50 million，But he only borrowed 10 million will no longer borrowed，Reason is nothing good project can investment，Money does not so much。”He told reporters。

　

　救企业就是救自己 Save enterprise is to save himself

　　“现在不是银行没钱，而是有钱放不出去。”郑晓峰表示，当前的中小企业贷款基本上是需要抵押担保才能贷到款，但是当前的温州信用体系还在恢复当中，中小企业一时也难以找到更多的人给他们做担保。

“It is not the bank have no money，But money can't let go。”ZhengXiaoFeng said，The small and medium-sized enterprise loan is basically the mortgage security need to borrow money，But the current credit system in wenzhou is recovering，Small and medium-sized enterprise also temporarily difficult to find more people give them do guarantee。

　　平安银行的一位管理人员说：“其实温州有40万家民营企业，真正能够贷到款的只占不到10%。这个未开发的基数还是很吸引人。”

Peace at the bank, one of the management researchers said：“In fact there are 40 of wenzhou private enterprises，Really able to borrow money to only accounts for less than 10%。The undeveloped base or very attractive。”

　　一位从事金融业二十多年的业内人士表示，温州当前正进行金改，两多两难（民间资金多、投资难；中小企业多、融资难）问题一旦解决，温州企业将在涅槃中浴火重生，银行业也将迎来发展良机，各家银行应该多向上级行要政策、要产品、要权限、要资源，一次性地促进自身更好地发展。

One is engaged in the financial industry more than 20 years the personage inside course of study says，Wenzhou is currently in gold change，Two more dilemma（Folk capital more、Investment difficult；More small and medium-sized enterprise、Financing difficult）To solve problems once，Wenzhou enterprise will be in the nirvana ashes，Banking will also welcome the development opportunities，Banks should change the bank at the next higher level to policy、To product、To access、To resources，One-time to promote one's own better development。

　　该人士进一步指出，银行的经营指标没有一家能完成，主要是投入产出问题，有结构性不合理问题，也有系统性风险问题。“风险控制，像建行将信贷审批权收回去，不但影响放贷的周期，而且在总行只看文字描述表达的好坏、不掌握实际的情况下，情况只会更加糟糕。”他说。

This personage further points out，Bank management index no one can accomplish，The main problem is input and output，A structural problem is not reasonable，Also have systemic risk problems。“Risk control，Like the construction bank credit rights will be back，Not only influence the cycle of lending，And in the head office only look at words describe the stand or fall of expression、Don't grasp the actual circumstances，Conditions can only grow worse。”He said。

　　一位原建行信贷员在接受《华夏时报》记者采访时表示，将信贷审批权上交，“造成业务流程变长，周期拉长；经营自主权变小。牺牲一定的速度，服务客户能力削弱，客户去找其他银行，竞争优势散失。”

A former construction bank loan officer in accepting《The Chinese times》A reporter to interview said，Will the credit due rights，“Business process change caused by long，Cycle spin；Autonomy in management smaller。Sacrifice a certain speed，Customer service ability weaken，The customer to find other bank，Competitive advantage loss。”

　　对于温州市的银行来说，眼下救企业就是等于救自己，但问题是怎么救。

For wenzhou for Banks，Now save enterprise is equal to save himself，But the problem is how to save。

　　温州银行业赚钱的业务主要是靠存贷利差和中间业务收入，模式就是需要抵押担保。

Wenzhou banking profitable business is mainly rely on loan interest margin and intermediate business income，Mode is need to mortgage guarantee。

　　“小微企业没土地、没厂房，找其他小微企业互相担保，实力又不够强，这样的企业占比又大，基本是贷不到钱的企业。我们民生银行(600016,股吧)根据实际情况，设计组建合作社，在合作社基础上自愿组建合作基金，每只基金至少需要50家以上成员构成，不用抵押物，每家只需出10%-20%的资金，就可以修补某家中小微企业因民间借贷断裂产生的续贷等问题。”民生银行温州分行的一位副行长向本报记者介绍此业务自6月份组建以来，已经组建了26家类似的合作社，有效地解决了过去必须3户以上还要担负无限责任并且还要有抵押物的贷款要求。

“Small micro enterprise didn't land、Don't plant，Looking for other small micro enterprise mutual guarantee，Strength and is not good enough，Such enterprises accounted for more than big，Basic is no money credit enterprise。We minsheng bank(600016,guba)According to the practical situation，A cooperative design，In the cooperative basis a voluntary cooperation fund，Every fund will need at least 50 home above staff members，Don't pawn，Each just out of 10% - 20% of the funds，Can repair a home small micro enterprise for folk lending rift continuing problems such as credit。”Minsheng bank wenzhou branch of a vice President to our newspaper reporter to introduce this business since June since its establishment，Have completed 26 similar cooperatives，Effectively solve the past must be more than 3 families to do unlimited liability and also have a pawn of the request for the loan。

　　上述平安银行内部人士在接受本报记者采访时也透露，过去一年，他们的业绩增速减缓，利润水平持续下降，不良贷款和不良贷款率较之前都“双升”。过去几年高速发展时，存贷比一直保持在130%左右，不良贷款拨备金也保持在400%，“依然看好温州，还是有信心的，温州经济会慢慢恢复过来，当前面临的困难是系统性风险，困难是暂时的。”他说。

The above pingan bank insiders in accepting our newspaper reporter to interview also revealed，In the past year，Their performance growth slowed，Profits continue to decline，Bad loans and bad loans than before“Double rise”。In the past few years the rapid development，Deposit-loan ratio remained at around 130%，Bad loans for dial gold also maintained at 400%，“Remains optimistic about the wenzhou，Have confidence，Wenzhou economy will recover slowly，The current difficulties is systemic risk，Difficulties are temporary。”He said。