杨倩雯 陈思婕

YangQianWen ChenSiJie

　　先是美国，后是香港。“四大”会计师事务所屡次因为“国家机密”拒交会计底稿而遭到诉讼，被两地不同法律法规所限制的“四大”可谓进退维谷。

First the United States，Is Hong Kong after。“four”Certified public accountants often because“State secrets”JuJiao accounting papers by the litigation，The two were different laws and regulations that limit“four”Is in a box。

　　香港法例规定，私人公司申请在香港上市的会计和审计工作底稿，必须可被直接提交于香港证监会，或在常设互助安排下，通过内地相关部门提交，尤其是在香港证监会正在调查涉嫌不当行为时。

Hong Kong law，A private company to apply for listing in Hong Kong accounting and auditing working papers，Must be directly submitted to the CSRC in Hong Kong，Or in permanent mutual arrangements，Through the mainland related department to submit，Especially in Hong Kong securities regulatory commission is investigating the alleged misconduct。

　　而中国内地相关部门则曾于2009年10月20日与香港发表联合声明，会计记录（包括审计工作底稿）根据中国法律可能涉及国家机密，所有相关的会计师都被要求在得到内地相关部门同意后才能向香港证监会等监管机构提交任何会计记录，即使那些记录存放于香港。

And the Chinese mainland related departments is had in on October 20, 2009 with the Hong Kong issued a joint statement，Accounting records（Including the audit working papers）According to Chinese law may involve state secrets，All the relevant accountants are required to get in the mainland related department consent to the Hong Kong securities regulatory commission to submit any regulatory agencies such as accounting records，Even those records stored in Hong Kong。

　　当中的尴尬在于境内企业在境外上市，必须受当地证监会监管法例的约束，但是境内企业及其执行上市审计的会计师事务所往往在内地注册，也需“听命”于内地法律。

The embarrassed of lies in domestic enterprises listed outside，Must suffer the local securities regulatory legislation constraints，But a domestic enterprise and execution of public audit of certified public accountants often in the mainland, the registration，Also need to“receives”In mainland legal。

　　如果说香港和中国内地之间的问题还比较容易解决，那远隔太平洋(601099,股吧)的美国和中国之间关于中概股的“纠缠”显然更难理清。

If the Hong Kong and mainland China between the problem is easier to solve，The remote Pacific(601099,guba)The between the United States and China about the almost stocks“entanglement”Obviously harder to sort out。

　　似曾相似的一幕发生在今年5月。美国证监会（SEC）起诉德勤上海分公司，起因是其拒绝提供涉案客户的审计底稿。尽管SEC并未公布涉案客户的名称，但是仍让人联想到此前东南融通一案。对此，德勤上海称：“SEC采取最新行动的原因仅仅在于中美两国法律存在的冲突与差异。但根据中国法律及中国监管机构的具体规定，未经中国政府许可，中国会计师事务所不得直接向任何外国监管机构提供文件，中国证监会和美国证监会一直未能就使美国证监会取得文件达成协议。”

Like had similar scene took place in May this year。The securities（SEC）Sue deloitte Shanghai branch，Cause is the involved refuses to provide customer audit papers。Although SEC aren't involved in the name of the customer，But still lets a person associate to southeast accommodation after a case。this，Deloitte Shanghai says：“SEC take the latest action reason is only the two countries law existing conflicts and differences。But according to Chinese law and Chinese regulators specific provisions，Without the permission of the Chinese government，Chinese certified public accountants may not directly to any foreign regulatory agencies to provide documents，The China securities regulatory commission and the United States securities regulatory commission have been unable to make the United States securities regulatory commission a file to reach an agreement。”

　　而美国2002年《萨班斯-奥克斯利法案》（Sarbanes-Oxley Act）则要求，承担在美上市公司审计业务的事务所，必须定期向美国上市公司会计监管委员会（PCAOB）报送年审报告，接受日常检查和特别调查。

And the United States in 2002《Sarbanes-oxley act》（Sarbanes - Oxley Act）Calls for，In the United States for the listed company audit business firm，Must regularly to the public company accounting oversight board（PCAOB）Report submitted to the year of careful，Accept daily inspection and special investigation。

　　根据PCAOB网站最新注册数据统计，除美国外，全球近90个国家和地区有约915家事务所在PCAOB注册，以获得从事美国上市公司审计业务的资格。如果德勤上海败诉，最坏的结果将不能再承接赴美上市的IPO项目；而如果德勤上海服从美国法院的命令，就很可能触犯中国法律。这无疑让在法律冲突的国家之间寻求生存的“四大”境外上市业务面临着前所未有的尴尬。

According to the PCAOB website latest registration data statistics，Except the United States，World nearly 90 countries and regions around 915 home affairs PCAOB is registered，To get the United States listed companies engaged in auditing business qualifications。If deloitte Shanghai the losing，The worst result will not entertain any United States listed IPO project；And if deloitte Shanghai to obey the court order，It is very possible to beyond the Chinese law。This undoubtedly let in the legal conflict between countries to seek survival“four”Listed abroad business facing unprecedented embarrassment。

　　而如今，甚至不用诉讼就可以让中国境内的“四大”遭到境外IPO业务的牌照危机，原因就在于“转制”。随着“四大”会计师事务所在中国境内的中外合作陆续到期，按照中国相关规定，其必须转制成为特殊普通合伙制企业。这就意味着“四大”将陆续成立新法人公司。随着新法人的设立，“四大”必须在美国重新申请牌照。

And now，Don't even litigation can make within the territory of China“four”Overseas IPO by business licence crisis，Reason lies in“Transformation of”。with“four”The CPA chinese-foreign cooperation within the territory of China has matured，According to the relevant regulations，The transformation of must be special ordinary partnership enterprise。This means that“four”Will the new corporation were established。Along with the establishment of new legal person，“four”Must be in the United States to apply for license plate。

　　一位“四大”资深合伙人对《第一财经日报》记者表示：“老实说，我们觉得"四大"重新申请牌照可能会遇到一些困难。”据本报记者了解，在重新申请牌照的日子里，“四大”或只能通过借助香港所等方法来度过这不知长短的“过渡时期”。

a“four”Senior partner to《The first financial daily》reporters：“To be honest，We think"four"To apply for licence may meet with some difficulties。”According to our newspaper reporter understanding，In the new application licence days，“four”Or can only through the help of methods such as Hong Kong to spend this don't know the length“Transition period”。

　　要么违反中国法律，要么违反境外法律。从目前的形势看来，不管“四大”选择怎么做，似乎都是错。法律的重叠和冲突只有监管层的协调合作才能解决。

Or violation of Chinese law，In violation of law or overseas。From the current view of the situation，No matter“four”Choose what to do，Seems to be wrong。The overlap and conflict law only the supervisor's coordination and cooperation to solve it。

　　不过，“四大”似乎看到了一点曙光。上月中国国务院副总理王岐山在北京会见SEC主席玛丽·夏皮罗，被普遍解读为谈判近5年的中美监管机构的跨境审计监管协议有望在近期达成，最晚年内也会落定。但对于美方要求审计机构提供中国在美上市企业的审计底稿问题，业内人士认为中方不予妥协的可能性较大。

but，“four”Seemed to see a little light。Chinese vice premier wang qishan last month in Beijing with SEC chairman Mary Shapiro，Reading is generally for nearly five years of negotiations between China and the United States regulators cross-border audit supervision agreement is expected to be reached in the near future，In the old age will also be settled。But for the United States request audit institutions to provide Chinese in the United States listed enterprise audit paper problem，The personage inside course of study thinks the Chinese not more likely to compromise。