上海陆家嘴(600663,股吧)金融中心区二期，一度被视为上海市中心沿黄浦江最后一个整体开发项目，多家金融机构虎视眈眈。一个月前，兴业银行(601166,股吧)（601166.SH）的一则公告，宣告兴业将在此段地块豪掷50亿元购置办公大楼，市场议论再起，一些卖方分析师甚至单独做了点评。

Shanghai lujiazui(600663,guba)The second phase of financial centre,Once considered along the huangpu river of Shanghai center last a whole development project,Several financial institutions eye covetously.A month ago,Societe generale(601166,guba)(601166. SH)A notice of,The declaration will be in this section block hao throw 5 billion yuan purchase office building,Market rise about,Some seller analysts and even do a comment on.

　　2012年上市银行中期业绩大幕落下，无论是此前高调购楼，还是高达40%的利润大增长，兴业正在成为业界的“明星”，一方面，多年来着力打造的“银银平台”在2012年上半年得到了很好的回报，无论是同业负债还是同业资产，近乎“一枝独秀”，成为规模和利润高速增长的新动力(310328,基金吧)；另一方面，旨在专业化和事业部改革的企业金融、零售银行和金融市场三大总部建立，再行体制创新之举，无论成败都在引起业界的高度关注。

In 2012, the medium-term performance of listed Banks fall,Whether previously high 调购 floor,Or as high as 40% of the profit growth,Industrial is becoming the industry"star",On the one hand,For many years of efforts to establish"Silver silver platform"In the first half of 2012 to get a good return,Whether trade liabilities or trade assets,almost"Outshine others",Become a scale and profit growth of new driving force(310328,Fund it);On the other hand,Aims to specialization and division reform enterprise financial/Retail banking and financial market three headquarters set up,Any system of the innovation of the lift,No matter success or failure caused by in the height of industry attention.

　　“去年我们行长亲自带队去兴业银行专程调研了同业经验。”9月7日，一位中型银行总行中层人士告诉本报记者，回来后的一大举措就是迅速成立并搭建了金融同业部门。

"Last year we President personally led to societe generale here just for research the trade experience."On September 7,,A medium-sized bank cheque middle sources told our reporter,Come back a great measure of rapid is founded and built financial trade department.

　　这并非孤例。

This is not isolated cases.

　　进入2012年，宏观经济增长速度趋缓，信用风险暴露导致不良贷款爆发，利率市场化改革加快以及金融脱媒催化下的银行业同业竞争……无论是大行还是中小银行，正在迅速做出一系列业务条线调整以适应新的竞争，兴业模式当然得到了竞争对手的充分重视。

In the 2012 years,The macro economic growth rate slowed,Credit risk exposure cause outbreaks of bad loans,Interest rate marketization reform and speed up financial disintermediation catalytic banking under the horizontal competition...No matter how big or small and medium-sized Banks do,Is rapidly make a series of business lines adjusted to adapt to the new competition,The mode of course got the competitors' full attention.

　　一是，同业业务正在日益被商业银行摆在与传统对公和零售条线同等重要的位置，各家商业银行或设立一级部门金融同业部，或进一步强化同业部门对利润的贡献程度，同业部门甚至向此前资金部等承担的“大司库”角色靠拢；二是，在传统的零售和对公业务条线，“虚拟大部制”或事业部改革有进一步推动的趋势，接近民生银行(600016,股吧)的人士透露，今年下半年，民生银行事业部“二次改革”将会成为董事长董文标力推的重点；三是，不良或逾期贷款激增，正在使得风险管理的重要性日益凸显。包括中信、兴业在内的商业银行对风险业务条线进行了改革。

One is,Trade business are increasingly be commercial bank set and the traditional tests and retail line equally important position,Each commercial bank or to set up level department financial trade department,Or further strengthen trade department of contribution degree of profit,Trade department to ZiJinBu even after such as the bear"Big treasurer"Role close;The second is,In traditional retail and tests of business line,"Virtual the super-ministries"Or division reform have further trend,Close to the people's livelihood bank(600016,guba)Sources of,The second half of this year,Minsheng bank group"Secondary reform"Will become the focus of the chairman of the board of directors DongWenBiao push;The third is,Bad or overdue loan surge,Is that the risk management of the growing importance.Including citic/Industrial, commercial Banks to risk business line in the reform.

　　

“大同业”风行双刃剑 "Big trade"Popular double-edged sword

　　同业不仅是规模扩张的利器、有效的盈利手段还是重要的资金来源，从2011年下半年开始，各家银行纷纷提出自己的“大同业”战略。

Trade is not only the ruin of scale expansion/Effective means of profit or important source of fund,From the second half of 2011 began,Banks have put forward their own"Big trade"strategy.

　　“目前各家银行都在做"大同业"经营思路，扩展目标客户，股份行要比大行更加积极。”一位股份制银行金融市场部人士告诉记者，近期某国有大行将公司业务部下面的同业部单独上升为一级部门成为金融机构部。此前，包括中信、北京银行(601169,股吧)等在内的中小银行已纷纷设立金融同业部，农行、南京银行(601009,股吧)等也在上海设有资金营运中心或金融市场总部。

"At present the Banks are doing"Big trade"Management ideas,Extended target customers,Stock line than big line more active."A joint-stock bank financial marketing people told reporters,Recently a state-owned company sales department is the trade department alone rise for level 1 departments into financial institutions department.after,Including citic/Beijing bank(601169,guba), small and medium-sized Banks have been set up financial trade department,Agriculture bank/Nanjing bank(601009,guba)And so on also in Shanghai capital operations center or financial market headquarters.

　　进入2012年，受存贷比考核等诸多压力，由于一般性存款增速放慢至15%甚至更低的增速，商业银行趋向对风险资产有一个综合考虑，据上述浦发银行(600000,股吧)人士介绍，截至2012年6月低，该行同业负债与同业资产共计1.52万亿，比去年年底增长17%。

In the 2012 years,By the deposit-loan ratio assessment and so on many pressure,Due to the general deposit growth slowed to 15% or even lower growth,Commercial Banks tend to to the risk assets have a comprehensive consideration,According to the Shanghai pudong development bank(600000,guba)Personage introduces,By June 2012 low,The bank trade debts and trade assets total 1.52 trillion,Than the end of last year increased by 17%.

　　“目前各家银行资金类业务占比达到了50%以上，而去年年末这一数据在45%左右。”上述浦发人士介绍，在控制风险的同时，该行上半年同业资产主要有几大侧重点，包括做大3500亿元债券，7000亿元左右的同业，其他则是票据，此外还在关键时点投资高收益资产，“上半年资金业务的净收入对银行的贡献比较大。”

"At present the Banks of capital class business than achieved 50% above,And at the end of last year the data at around 45%."The pudong development personage introduction,In the control risk at the same time,In the first half of the trade assets mainly has several big emphasis,Including do big 350 billion yuan bonds,700 billion yuan of right-and-left trade,The other is bill,Also in the key time investment higher-yielding assets,"In the first half of the funds business net income to bank contribution is bigger."

　　过去一年同业业务的狂飙突进中，浦发仅次于兴业，表现优异。2012年上市银行中报显示，2012年上半年，包工、建、中、农和兴业在内的5家上市银行同业往来资产余额突破了万亿大关，建行同业往来资产余额几乎翻番，其他大行增速也在60%以上，与此形成对照的是，去年年底只有中行一家银行同业往来资产余额突破了万亿。

In the past year trade business in the hurricane dart,Shanghai pudong development after industrial,outstanding.2012 listed Banks center daily news show,In the first half of 2012,work/built/in/Agriculture and industrial, 5 listed Banks current assets balance broke through the trillions of mark,The construction bank trade current assets balance almost doubled,Other big line rate in more than 60%,In contrast is,By the end of last year only bank of China a interbank current assets balance broke through one trillion.

　　上半年，兴业银行则是唯一一家同业往来资产和同业往来负债过万亿的股份制银行，同业规模超过2.2万亿；浦发银行则居第二；而招行、中信、民生同业表现也很突出，招行同业往来资产几乎翻番。

In the first half of,Societe generale is only a trade current assets and trade intercourse liabilities over trillion joint-stock Banks,Trade size more than 2.2 trillion;Shanghai pudong development bank is in the second;And China merchants bank/citic/The people's livelihood trade performance is also very prominent,China merchants bank trade current assets have nearly doubled.

　　“浦发咄咄逼人的态势对我们形成很大压力。”中信银行(601998,股吧)一位人士笑言，中信银行资产规模长期居于股份行第二名，但2011年一段时期，规模居然被浦发超越了，“我们的储蓄、利润都比他们高，但他们的资产规模反而超过我们，后来我们发现他们做了相当多的买入返售。”

"Shanghai pudong development aggressive posture to our formation pressure."Citic bank(601998,guba)A person smiled and said,Citic bank asset scale in long-term shares the second line,But in 2011 a period,Scale has been beyond the pudong development,"Our savings/Profits are high than they,But their asset scale but more than we,Later we found they did quite a number of purchases of resale."

　　中信银行的应对也相当及时，“我们去年下半年主动吸收了部分同业负债，一下子规模就上来了。”数据显示，2011年6月末时，该行同业往来负债余额仅为1635.69亿元，到年底时，这一数字已经飙升至5500.28亿元，得益于同业业务的加强，中信也再次巩固了股份行第二的地位。

Citic bank response is timely,"We in the second half of last year in the absorption of active trade liabilities,Suddenly went up to the scale."Data display,June 2011 when the end of the month,The bank trade current liabilities is 163.569 billion yuan only,To at the end of the year,This figure has soared to 550.028 billion yuan,Benefit from trade business to strengthen,Citic also strengthened again shares do the second position.

　　知情人士透露，2012年2月份，中信银行成立了金融同业部，从深发展等其他银行挖来了不少干将，整合了金融同业业务管理和人民币流动风险管理的职能，意在加强全行流动性风险管理的同时，大力推动金融同业业务的发展，进一步扩大同业业务规模，提升金融同业业务对全行的利润贡献。

insider,February 2012,Citic bank established financial trade department,From the shenzhen development bank and other dig to many breaks out,Integration of the financial trade business management and RMB flow risk management function,Both to strengthen liquidity risk management at the same time,Vigorously promote the development of the financial trade business,To further expand trade business scale,Enhancement of financial trade business to the son of profit contribution.

　　而今年浦发银行也强调了同业业务的贡献度，该行在KPI考核时，要求同业业务对营业收入有30%的贡献，“部门压力比较大”。

This year Shanghai pudong development bank also emphasized the trade business contribution,The bank in the KPI attention,Requirements trade business to business income 30% contribution,"Department pressure is bigger".

　　就连北京银行也在去年提出“大同业战略”。一位接近该行的人士表示，截至2012年上半年末，北京银行存贷比为64.45%，比较低，同业和资金业务占比都比较高。在北京银行看来，投资债券票据的资本节约优于贷款，目前流行的同业资产投资标的中，信托受益权、资产管理计划收益在7%以上，“投资收益非常高，资金业务部员工待遇都比其他部门普遍高。”

Even Beijing bank also put forward in the last year"Big trade strategy".A close to the bank said the people,By the end of 2012 at the end of the first half,Beijing bank deposit-loan ratio is 64.45%,lower,Trade and capital for business than are high.In Beijing bank looks,Invest in bonds bill capital economy is better than the loan,At present popular trade assets investment in the mark,The beneficial right of the trust/Asset management plan benefits in more than 7%,"Investment income is very high,Fund department staff treatment are better than any other department generally high."

　　不过，同业规模与存贷款是相匹配的，接下来，同业业务想维持规模容易，维持收益率则有难度，就连浦发银行管理层也在投资者见面会上坦承，接下来同业增速不会维持这么高。了

but,Trade scale and loan is matching,The next,Trade business want to maintain scale easily,Maintain yield have difficulty,Even the Shanghai pudong development bank management also meet in investors meeting admits,The next trade growth will not maintain such a high.the

　　“相对来讲，同业规模可能跟兴业差不多，但是收益水平差距仍然很大。”浦发管理层表示，下一步的目标就是如何在做大的基础上做强。”

"relatively,Trade scale may with industrial almost,But income level difference is very big still."Shanghai pudong development management says,The next goal is to how to do big basis and stronger."

　　同业金融的核心客户主要是七大类，即“银、证、财、信、保、租、期”七大类客户，同时，同业业务的高速扩张，正在使得其越来越多地扮演全行人民币司库职责。

The core of the financial trade customers are mainly in seven categories,namely"silver/card/wealth/letter/insurance/rent/period"Seven kind of customer,At the same time,The rapid expansion of the business trade,Is that the more and more to play both RMB cashier duties.

　　上述股份行人士介绍，同业业务，目前大行仍显被动，之前银行做得少或者不做主要有两方面原因：一，总行计财部门对于负债的考核一般只着重基础存款的考核，诸如资金成本较高的协议存款等同业存款并不算在负债考核指标当中；第二，出于对流动性管理的考虑，银行认为同业业务过度膨胀存在一定风险，一旦经济下行，同业业务容易引起流动性“共振”，加上其与资金部门“司库”相联系，对商业银行流动性管理要求很高。

The above shares line personage introduction,Trade business,The line is still show passive,Before the bank do less or don't do there are two major reasons:a,Head office meter wealth department for debt only commonly basic deposit assessment on evaluation,Such as the cost of capital higher agreement deposit trade deposit does not calculate in debt of evaluation indexes;The second,For the consideration of liquidity management,Bank think trade business excessive inflation risks,Once the economy down,Trade business it is apt to cause the liquidity"resonance",With its and capital department"treasurer"associated,In the commercial bank liquidity management requires very high.

　　我们可以算笔账，目前存款波动越来越大的背景下，不少股份制银行存贷比徘徊在75%-77%左右，到月末勉强可以压到75%以内。若按77%的存贷比计算，再加上17%的存款准备金，就占到了存款的94%，而司库大约需要3到5个百分点，另外，银行还需要购买央票、投资国债等等，这些主要靠同业负债来支撑。

We can calculate bill,Current deposit fluctuation under the background of more and more,A lot of the joint-stock Banks deposit-loan ratio around 75% - 77%,To the end of the month can barely pressure to within 75%.If according to 77% of the deposit-loan ratio calculation,Plus a 17% deposit reserve,Is accounted for 94% of the deposit,And the treasurer should take around three to 5%,In addition,Central bank still need to buy ticket/Investment bonds, etc,These depend mainly on trade liabilities to support.

　　“同业存款最大的问题就是不稳定，波动剧烈，一天可能波动上百亿，很容易引发流动性问题。”上述人士分析道。

"Trade deposit the biggest problem is not stable,volatile,A day may fluctuation tens of billions,Very easy to cause the liquidity problem."The above personage analysis way.

　　申银万国最新研报以兴业银行为例，对同业业务前景作出“维持规模容易，维持收益率难”的判断。从时点上看，截至2012年末，兴业银行同业资产与同业负债之比，即同业杠杆率已经大于1，“已经将期限错配达到极致，而实际其同业业务利差也确实在错配下达到一个新的高点（1.26%）。”

ShenYin universal latest research report with societe generale, for example,To trade business prospect is made"Maintain scale easily,Maintain rate of return difficult"judgment.See from the point,By the end of 2012,Societe generale trade assets and trade debt ratio,Namely trade leverage ratio have greater than 1,"Has maturity mismatch to achieve perfection,And the actual its trade business interest margin is also true that in mismatch to a new high(1.26%)."

　　

“大部制”推进 "The super-ministries"propulsion

　　从几年前，民生银行董事长董文标力推事业部改革掀起一阵旋风起，相对立的声音就一直存在，比如招行行长马蔚华就多次强调，事业部改革并不适应于所有的银行，不过，说归说，2011年招商银行(600036,股吧)成了零售银行总部，今年还将成立批发总部，目的是一样的，即加强总行对于条线客户的管理，马蔚华将之称为矩阵式管理。

From a few years ago,Minsheng bank chairman DongWenBiao push division reform raised a cyclone up,Relative made voice have existed,Such as China merchants bank President MaWeiHua is emphasized for many times that,Division reform is not adapted to all of the bank,but,Said to say,In 2011, China merchants bank(600036,guba)A retail bank headquarters,This year also will establish wholesale headquarters,Purpose is the same,That is to strengthen the head office for line customer management,MaWeiHua called matrix management.

　　进入2012年，事业部改革的争议暂时搁置一旁，各家银行总部业务条线的整合正在加强。

In the 2012 years,The reform of department of controversy aside temporarily,Banks headquarters of the integration of business line is strengthening.

　　“这两年各家银行机构设置上一直在变化，不少银行在尝试虚拟的大部制。”某股份制银行高层此前向本报记者如是表示，银行的大部制努力需要进一步做实。

"The two years the Banks institution setting has been changed,Many Banks are trying to virtual the super-ministries."A senior joint-stock Banks had to our reporter said so,The bank the super-ministries efforts need to be further do real.

　　相比招行，兴业银行则在事业部改革上更进一步。今年4月份，兴业银行总分行层面的三大条线业务架构调整出炉，兴业成立了企业金融总部、零售银行总部、金融市场总部，分别由三名副行长林章毅、陈德康、蒋云明领衔。

Travel compared,Societe generale is in business reform further.In April this year,Societe generale ZongFenHang levels of three big line business structure adjustment are,Industrial set up enterprise financial headquarters/Retail bank headquarters/Financial market headquarters,Respectively by three deputy President LinZhangYi/Chen dekang/JiangYunMing led.

　　“这有利于集中金融资源、提升金融专业化服务能力。”8月底，兴业在天津招开的内部投资者会议上，介绍了对公业务专业改革的情况：

"This is beneficial to the centralized financial resources/Enhancement of financial professional service capacity."The end of August,Industrial in tianjin recruit to open internal investors meeting,Introduces the tests of business professional reforms:

　　一是，在总分行设立企业金融总部，内设8个组成部门，其中有3个是管理部门，1个是专营小企业的客户部门，其余则是业务部门囊括贸易金融、现金管理和机构业务，兴业称将在全行35家一级分行设立企业金融总部；二是，整合分行企业金融条线的营销组织体系，分行按照企业金融总部、企业金融业务总部、企业金融业务部的层级体系，在区域内动态集中管理。

One is,In ZongFenHang set up enterprise financial headquarters,With eight composition department,There are three is management department,One is specializing in small business customers department,The rest is business department include trade finance/Cash management and agency business,In both industrial says it will thirty-five level branch set up enterprise financial headquarters;The second is,Integrated branch enterprise financial line marketing organization system,Branch according to enterprise financial headquarters/Enterprise financial business headquarters/Enterprise financial department of hierarchy system,In the area of dynamic centralized management.

　　“专业化改革的节点主要在支行，需要把支行的公司业务独立出来，也许未来的分支行行长就是主管零售业务的行长。”一位兴业银行中层如是说，目前在考核系统上，公司内部的企业金融和零售金融考核系统互相开放，而在风险控制、业务评审和贷后管理等方面都进行专业化集中处理。

"Specialization reform node mainly in the branch,Need to branch company independent business,Maybe the future branch President is competent the retail business of President."A societe generale middle said,At present in the inspection system,Company's internal enterprise financial and retail financial evaluation system open to each other,And in risk control/Business review and after credit management are central treatment of specialization.

　　这一点与招行又有异曲同工之处，马蔚华宣布，今年改革将在支行层面彻底展开，即未来全能型的支行将被小微和零售支行所取代，此前，招行已构建起两大流程，一是将苏州小贷中心的模式在全国推广，二是将500万元以下的小微信贷纳入招行零售条线。

This point and China merchants bank and have the same place,MaWeiHua announced,This reform will be in branch level thoroughly expansion,That the future all-conquering branch will be small micro and replaced retail branch,after,China merchants bank has already set up two big process,One is to put the suzhou small credit center pattern in the national promotion,The second is the 5 million yuan of the following small micro credit into action travel retail line.

　　同样，“专业化”改革尝试也在中信银行有所体现。

The same,"professional"Try to reform in citic bank reflected.

　　“上半年动作不小，尤其在突出专业化发展零售银行业方面。”一位接近中信银行的人士透露，除了组建金融同业部之外，该行上半年还从零售部及其他几个部门抽调人员组建了新的“理财业务管理部”，作为与零售银行并列的一级部门。

"In the first half of the big movement,Especially in the outstanding professional development in retail banking."A close to citic bank sources,In addition to financial trade department set up outside,In the first half of the bank from retail department and several other departments transfer personnel form the new"Financial management business management department",As with retail bank coordinate level department.

　

　风险管理垂直重构 Risk management vertical reconstruction

　　来自银监会的数据显示，去年四季度以来，我国银行业的信用风险开始加速暴露。二季度末，商业银行不良贷款余额为4564亿元，关注类贷款余额为1.46万亿元，均环比连续三个季度上升。

From the banking regulatory commission data show,Since the fourth quarter of last year,The credit risk of China's banking industry to accelerate the exposure.At the end of the second quarter,Commercial Banks non-performing loan balance is 456.4 billion yuan,Pay attention to kind of loan balance is 1.46 trillion yuan,All link continuous three quarters rise.

　　不良和逾期贷款大幅攀升正在推动商业银行在风险管理业务条线作出迅速应对。

Malnutrition and overdue loans has risen sharply is pushing for commercial Banks in risk management business line to make quickly.

　　以中信银行为例，8月31日，中期业绩发布会上，该行管理层透露，在风险管理体制方面，上半年该行组建了新的风险管理部，并增设了授信审批部，同时将原先一个部门的合规审计部门设为合规部和审计部两个部门，此外，还成立了北京和上海两个审计的分中心。

To citic bank as an example,August 31,,Interim results conference,The bank management has revealed,In the risk management system,The bank was established in the first half of the new risk management department,And set up the credit examination and approval department,At the same time it had originally been a department compliance auditing department set to the compliance department and ministry of audit two departments,In addition,Also founded the Beijing and Shanghai two audit branch.

　　“目的就是强化全面风险管理职能，原先的风险管理部更多相当于一个授信审批部，而风险管理又多分散在公司银行、计划财务等各个部门。”接近中信的人士介绍。

"Purpose is to strengthen the comprehensive risk management function,The original risk management more as a credit examination and approval department,And risk management and much dispersion in the company bank/Plan financial, and other departments."The people who are close to citic.

　　风险控制条线独立，中信银行管理层将之归纳为，“一横一竖一中心”，所谓“一横”就是全面风险管理，就是成立风险管理部，负责全面风险管理，而新设的授信审批部，则主要担负原先风险管理部负责的信贷政策制定、信贷项目审查和审批的功能；“一竖”则是强调风险管理垂直性。

Risk control line independent,Citic bank management will reduce,"A horizontal a vertical a center",The so-called"A horizontal"Is the comprehensive risk management,Risk management is established,Responsible for overall risk management,The newly established credit examination and approval department,Is mainly responsible for the original risk management department is responsible for the credit policy/Credit project review and approval to function;"A vertical"Is the emphasis on risk management verticality.

　　所谓风险管理垂直性，指的是不断推进嵌入式、派入制、授权制这种管理模式，比如说小企业中心里面推出来这种嵌入式风险管理，零售业务也需要这种。

The so-called risk management verticality,Refers to continuously push forward the embedded/Sent into the system/Authorization system this management model,For example small business center inside out to the embedded risk management,Retail business also need this.

　　“这是业务事业部和准事业部改革的深入的结果。”一位资深风险专家如是说。

"This is a business division and quasi division of the reform of the results."A senior risk experts said.

　　同时，为了防止不良的大幅激增，各家银行正在将贷款清收关口前移，一家股份制银行风险管理负责人告诉记者，该行已将法律保全部的职责范围由“后三类不良贷款”前移至“关注”。

At the same time,In order to prevent bad considerably the surge,Banks are will loan recovery passes forward,A joint-stock bank risk management person in charge told reporters,The bank has legal protect all the duties range from"After three kinds of bad loans"Reach to"attention".