每日经济新闻记者 高翔 发自湖州 Daily economic news reporter towering from huzhou

　　王刚（化名）在浙江湖州开了一家担保公司。公司的利润尚可、经营正常，但他却开心不起来。

Wang gang(alias)In zhejiang huzhou opened a guarantee company.The profits of the company are fair/Management normal,But he was not quite happy.

　　据王刚介绍，按照相关规定，原则上当地担保公司的中小企业担保业务量在年内必须达到注册资金的两倍（即放大两倍），才能通过融资性担保公司年审换证。

According to wang gang is introduced,According to the relevant provisions,In principle, the local security company of small and medium-sized enterprises in the year guarantee business must achieve the registered capital of two times(Namely amplification twice),To get through the financing guarantee company year careful renewal.

　　“可问题是，根据我这些年来的经验，做中小企业担保业务，费率低、风险大，基本没有利润。因此，我只能在平时做一些消费信贷担保业务来扩展公司利润，而中小企业担保那块仅仅是为了完成最低指标，通过年审而已。但今年形势不好，企业担保业务风险大，代偿的案例多，我才完成了一半都不到。”他对《每日经济新闻》记者表示，“身边的担保公司，关门的不在少数。”

"But the problem is,According to my experience over the years,Do small and medium-sized enterprise guarantee business,Rate low/Risk big,Basic does not have profit.therefore,I can only on weekdays do some consumer credit guarantee business to expand the company profit,Small and medium-sized enterprise guarantee that block is only in order to complete the lowest index,Through the year of careful just.But this year the situation is not good,Enterprise guarantee business risk big,Compensatory case more,I just finished less than half."he[Daily economic news]reporters,"Side guarantee company,Close the door there's not few."

　　湖州市公安局经侦支队在其一份当地的调查分析报告中指出，担保公司变相吸纳公众资金、超范围经营贷款业务现象相对较为严重，向社会不特定主体多次放贷，收取高息。湖州市经信委中小企业处表示：“今年的年审换证工作是对湖州市担保行业的一次重新洗牌。”

Huzhou city public security bureau crimes in one of the local team in the investigation and analysis of the report,Security companies disguised absorbing public funds/Overspray business loan business phenomenon are relatively serious,To social specific subject multiple lending,Charge tight.Huzhou the letter the bilateral small business department said:"This year's work is careful renewal of huzhou guarantee industry a reshuffle."

　　截至7月底，纳入统计范围的担保公司72家融资性担保公司，关闭数量是31家。

By the end of July,Into the statistical range of guarantee company 72 financing guarantee company,Close quantity is 31 enterprises.

　　

四成融资性担保公司遭淘汰 Forty percent financing guarantee company was eliminated

　　截至今年5月底，湖州市融资性担保公司的统计口径仍为72家，担保期末责任余额为63.4亿元。彼时，该市融资性担保公司年审换证工作仍在进行中。

By the end of may this year,Huzhou financing guarantee company's statistical caliber still for 72 home,Guarantee the final responsibility balance is 6.34 billion yuan.At the,The city's financing guarantee company year careful renewal work is still in progress.

　　按照湖州市经信委中小企业处的说法：“今年以来，我市融资性担保公司面临严峻的考验。担保公司面临的生存压力越来越大，将又一次面临大洗牌。”

Huzhou city in accordance with the letter the bilateral small businesses that place:"Since this year,Zhuhai financing guarantee companies face the severe test.Security companies face the survival pressure is more and more big,Will once again faced with large shuffle."

　　造成行业困境的原因如下：受制于信贷市场的调整与变化、信贷规模不确定等因素，银行为了防止风险，个别银行已采取了抬高担保公司门槛和压缩各担保公司担保额度的措施；湖州市个别融资性担保公司董事长涉嫌非法集资，越来越多的银行正重新审查与担保公司的合作，“银担合作的紧张氛围已在我市显现。”

Cause the industry trouble reasons are as follows:Subject to the credit market adjustment and change/The credit scale uncertain factors,The bank in order to prevent the risk,Individual bank has taken up guarantee company threshold and compression the bonding company guarantee limit measures;Huzhou individual financing guarantee company chairman suspected illegal financing,More and more Banks are to review and guarantee the company's cooperation,"Silver bear cooperation tension has appeared in our city."

　　当地一家担保公司负责人告诉《每日经济新闻》记者：“银行确实提高了与担保公司合作的门槛。比如工行就规定只与注册资金1亿元以上、有政府注资的担保公司合作，民营的担保公司就被挡在门外了。”

A local guarantee company controller tell[Daily economic news]reporter:"Bank did raise the and guarantee the threshold of the company.Such as icbc stipulated that only with a registered capital of 100 million yuan of above/Government capital injection guarantee company cooperation,Private security company is blocked in the door."

　　此前，有传浙江省境内的工行已恢复与民营担保机构的合作，不过上述负责人表示据他了解湖州地区目前并未放开。关于这一信息记者未能联系上当地工行核实。

after,The zhejiang province have within the territory of the icbc has been restored and private security agencies,But the person in charge said that according to his understanding huzhou is not let go.About this information reporter failed to contact the local icbc to verify.

　　作为清理整顿的重点，年审换证工作分三批进行。该工作在当地由湖州市经信委，在省级层面由省中小企业局和省银监局联审。

As the focus of the rectifications,The careful work on three batch.This work in huzhou city letter by the local committee,In the provincial level by the province small and medium-sized enterprise and provincial silver inspect bureau united review.

　　王刚对《每日经济新闻》记者表示：“本次年审比较严格，按照去年年底的年审报表进行审核。审查的一些具体指标包括业务规模、中小企业担保业务是否达到注册资金的两倍、其他应收款占净资产的比例等。”

Wang gang to[Daily economic news]reporters:"The strict careful comparison,According to the end of last year's year of careful statements audit.Review some specific indicators include business scale/Small and medium-sized enterprise guarantee business meets the registered capital of two times/Other receivables accounts for the proportion of the net assets, etc."

　　严格审核的结果是担保公司数量大幅减少。在72家融资性担保公司中，只有46家参与年审换证工作。最终，有42家通过年审，即原先的72家担保公司中有30家未拿到经营许可证。未通过年检年审的部分担保公司的经营许可证将在确保各担保公司最后一笔业务结束后陆续收回。

Strictly audit result is guarantee company quantity is greatly reduced.In 72 the company financing guarantee,Only 46 home to participate in the careful work.finally,Have 42 through the year of careful,That is the original 72 guarantee company has 30 not get business licenses.Not through careful inspection of the part of the company's business license will guarantee to ensure that the security company in the last transaction in succession after recovery.

　　通过浙江省中小企业局、浙江省银监局联审并直接发证的为20家，已经发证但需要整改的有22家（提醒3家，警告15家、严重警告4家）。要求整改的内容包括其他应收款占净资产比例较高、担保赔偿准备金和未到期责任准备金提取不足、放大倍数不足等问题。其中，长兴县在年审换证后，原先的16家融资性担保公司仅存2家。

Through the small and medium-sized enterprise in zhejiang province/Zhejiang silver inspect bureau group trial and directly certification for 20,Have license issuing but needs improvement of 22 home(Remind three,Warning 15/Serious warning four).The content of the rectification requirements including other receivables higher percentage of net assets/Guarantee compensation reserve and did not expire responsibility provisioning shortage/Magnification problems such as insufficient.the,After careful ChangXingXian in the renewal,The original 16 financing guarantee company only to save two.

　　在7月31日上午召开的该市担保行业理事会上，有21家单位自动退会。而在7月，南浔区又有一家融资性担保公司由于无业务而主动退出，并上缴经营许可证，统计口径暂时定格在41家。

On July 31, held in the morning of the city's guarantee industry on the council,21 units will be automatic back.In July,NaHaixunOu and have a financing guarantee company because of no business and active exit,And turn over to the business license,Statistical caliber temporarily stopped at 41 home.

　　湖州市经信委中小企业处表示：“今年的年审换证工作是对湖州市担保行业的一次重新洗牌，不仅淘汰了一批实力弱、业绩差、违规经营的担保公司，也督促一批拿到许可证的担保公司进行整改，给融资性担保公司敲响了警钟。”

Huzhou the letter the bilateral small business department said:"This year's work is careful renewal of huzhou guarantee industry a reshuffle,Not only eliminated a batch of strength weak/Performance difference/Illegal management guarantee company,Also urged a batch of get permit guarantee company to undertake rectifying and reform,To financing guarantee company was a wake-up call."

　　

担保公司多不务正业 Security companies fiddle around

　　2008年以来，湖州市法院共审结涉及担保公司一审案件161件，二审案件10件，标的总额13452.2亿元。

Since 2008,Huzhou court of first instance of a total of guarantee company involved in 161 cases,Case 10 a second,Mark total 1.34522 trillion yuan.

　　湖州信用担保网站的一份 《湖州市融资性担保公司现阶段情况的调查与分析》（以下简称 《分析》）显示，湖州市公安局经侦支队，结合近年来担保公司涉案情况，出具了这份调查分析报告。

Huzhou credit guarantee a web site [Huzhou financing guarantee company present situation investigation and analysis](Hereinafter referred to as [analysis])display,Huzhou city public security bureau crimes faction,Combined with guarantee companies involved in situation,Issue the investigation analysis report.

　　《分析》指出，融资性担保公司为缓解中小企业融资难发挥了重要作用，但外部原因诸如企业的资金困难、出逃和担保公司自身经营不规范等，导致了融资性担保公司的风险不断加大。

[analysis]Pointed out that,Financing guarantee company for small and middle-sized enterprises played an important role in financing difficulties,But the external causes such as enterprise's financial difficulty/Run away and guarantee company oneself management is not standard, etc,Led to the risk of financing guarantee company increasing.

　　结合涉诉案件，湖州市公安局经侦支队认为，担保公司涉高利贷现象严重。截至2011年底，担保公司涉案133件，担保公司作为出借人的案件33件，占25%。在这些案件中，月利率最高4%，借期最长10个月，金额最高为400万元，均已超出担保公司业务范围，属违规经营。

Combined with a case involving lawsuit,Huzhou city public security bureau crimes that team,Guarantee company wade usury is serious.By the end of 2011,Security companies involved in 133 pieces,Guarantee company as lender of 33 cases,25%.In these cases,The highest monthly interest rate 4%,Loan period the longest 10 months,The highest amount is 4 million yuan,Have been beyond guarantee our business scope,Belong to illegal business.

　　去年底，位于湖州新天地写字楼的银达担保负责人沈俊良被警方控制。据传该公司向社会集资23亿元，公安局工作人员表示涉案金额在8亿元左右。湖州市公安局未向记者说明银达担保案件的最新进展情况。

end,Located in huzhou xintiandi office of silver to guarantee ShenJunLiang chief police control.Rumour has it that the company to social capital 2.3 billion yuan,Public security bureau officials said the amount involved in 800 million yuan.Huzhou city public security bureau to the reporter not that silver to guarantee the latest development of the case.

　　王刚认为，该类案件牵涉人员众多，且涉及部分公职人员，故侦破起来难度较大，时间也拉得很长。

Wang gang think,This case involves many personnel,And involve part of public servants,So difficult detection up,Time also pull very long.

　　湖州市公安局经侦支队在 《分析》中指出，从调查情况看，担保公司变相吸纳公众资金、超范围经营贷款业务现象相对较为严重，向社会不特定主体多次放贷，收取高息。多家担保公司业务量开展不足，致使主业旁落，担保业务沦为“副业”，甚至有个人担保公司长期未开展担保业务。

Huzhou city public security bureau crimes in the team [analysis]that,From the survey case,Security companies disguised absorbing public funds/Overspray business loan business phenomenon are relatively serious,To social specific subject multiple lending,Charge tight.Several guarantee to carry out the company's business insufficient,Cause business to slip,Guarantee business into"sideline",There is even personal guarantee company for a long time not to provide guarantee services.

　　此外，巨额社会资金借道担保公司介入高利贷现象也较为严重。担保公司在中间充当“掮客”，名义上是出借人直接向借款人借款，担保公司为之作保，实则是由出借人借款给担保公司，担保公司再以更高利率放贷给借款人。对担保公司来说，既能获取利差，又可从中收取担保费用。对出借人来说，既可获得较民间借贷更高的利润，又可借助担保公司缓冲而确保资金安全。

In addition,Huge social capital tailgating guarantee company intervention usury phenomenon is serious.Guarantee company in the middle as"broker",Is nominally lender directly to the borrower loan,Guarantee company for the surety,In fact is by the lender borrowing to guarantee company,Guarantee company again with a higher interest rate loans to borrowers.To guarantee for the company,Can get interest margin,And collecting warranty costs.For lenders to,Can not only get a folk lending higher profit,And with the aid of guarantee company buffer and ensure the safety of fund.

　　《分析》还指出，当企业主负债外逃，担保公司追偿债务时，有时会采取言语、暴力威胁，“约谈”、“喝茶”（即限制人身自由）等非法手段，更有甚者纠集社会闲散人员暴力讨债，极易引发刑事犯罪，社会危害较大。

[analysis]Also pointed out that,When business owners liabilities flight,Guarantee company debt recovery,Sometimes take speech/Threat of violence,"questioning"/"tea"(That restriction of personal freedom), and other illegal means,What's more drum up social idle personnel violence pay the rent,Is caused extremely easily criminal crime,Larger social harm.

　　

需加大对担保公司扶持力度 Need to strengthen the support for the security company

　　对于多家担保公司业务量开展不足，致使主业旁落，担保业务沦为“副业”的现实，王刚直言不能全怪担保公司。他不无后怕地说：“假如去年我们做的全是中小企业担保业务，恐怕今年公司就倒闭了。”

For several guarantee to carry out the company's business insufficient,Cause business to slip,Guarantee business into"sideline"reality,Wang gang the truth can't blame the bonding company.He said not without fear:"If last year we do is full of small and medium-sized enterprise guarantee business,I'm afraid this year company went bankrupt."

　　他对 《每日经济新闻》记者表示：“开担保公司的这些年来，我的感受就是做中小企业担保业务收益率很低，基本不赚钱。抵押物不足或有瑕疵的企业，才会在向银行贷款时找到担保公司，企业本身资质就不算好。”

he [Daily economic news]reporters:"Open guarantee company over the years,I feel is to be small and medium-sized enterprise guarantee business yield is very low,Basic don't make money.Pawn insufficient or defective enterprise,Will be to find a bank loan guarantee company,Enterprise itself qualifications are not good."

　　他进而表示，银行在与担保公司合作时，会要求担保公司先存进一定数额的保证金，有的银行要求300万元起存，而这部分款项只能当作活期存款，收益很低。部分担保公司半年甚至一年也没有几笔业务，但这笔保证金存款就是不能动。他说：“对担保公司来说，风险很大，因为承担了连带担保责任。一旦企业未能偿还贷款，银行首先就从担保公司保证金户头上划款。”

He then said,Banks in and guarantee companies cooperation,Will require guarantee company put first into a certain amount of margin,Some Banks requirements at 3 million yuan,And this part of the money can only as a current deposit,Income is very low.Part of the bonding company half a year or even one year very few transaction,But the margin deposit is not active.He said:"To guarantee for the company,The risk is very big,Because bear the joint and several liability guarantee.Once the enterprise fails to repay the loan,From the first bank guarantee company margin account of stroke."

　　湖州市公安局经侦支队也注意到了保证金闲置的现象。《分析》中指出，湖州7万家中小工业企业只有6400家能从银行拿到贷款，年资金缺口300亿~500亿元，90%以上的中小企业只能通过民间融资缓解资金周转困难。而全市担保公司却有15亿元保证金存放在银行，20亿元资金闲置。一方面是巨额资金缺口，另一方面是大量资金闲置，二者却无法平衡，显然不符合经济发展要求。

Huzhou city public security bureau crimes team also noticed margin idle phenomenon.[analysis]that,Huzhou over small and medium-sized industrial enterprise only 6400 can get loan from the bank,Funding gap year 30 billion ~ 50 billion yuan,More than 90% of the small and medium-sized enterprise can only through the folk financing ease capital turnover difficult.The city's security companies are 1.5 billion yuan deposit in the bank,2 billion yuan capital idle.On the one hand is a huge sum of funds of the gap,On the other hand is a large amount of money to idle,Both cannot balance,Apparently does not comply with the request of economic development.

　　因此，《分析》建议加大对担保公司的扶持力度：允许担保公司将担保费率提升至与其风险相当的水平，扩展其利润空间，克服减少担保公司违法操作的利润动机。

therefore,[analysis]Suggestions to increase the bonding company more support:Allow guarantee company will guarantee rate up to a level and its risk,To expand its profit space,Overcome reduce guarantee company illegal operation of the profit motive.

　　上述担保公司负责人也对记者表示，由于做中小企业担保业务费率低、风险大、利润薄，他的公司都是把中小企业担保业务做到最低要求的数额（注册资金的两倍）即可，而通过车贷担保等业务来维持公司运营。“可是到目前为止，我们还没有完成最低标准的一半。”他不无忧虑地表示。据此，他希望政府加强中小企业担保业务的财政补贴。

The above guarantee company controller also told reporters,Because of small and medium-sized enterprise guarantee business cost rate is low/Risk big/Profit thin,His company is the small and medium-sized enterprise guarantee business do the amount of the minimum requirements(The registered capital of two times)can,And through the car credit guarantee business to maintain the company operation."But so far,We haven't finished half of standard of the lowest."He is anxiously said.According to,He wants the government to strengthen the small and medium-sized enterprise guarantee business financial subsidies.

　　《分析》中也指出，应强化专项政策支持力度，大力发展专业性互助性担保机构和担保公司互助联保机制，探索开发贷款、担保风险商业保险。此外，优化环境，尽快建立中小企业信用评级制度，完善中小企业征信体系并向担保公司开放，同时将担保公司尽快纳入征信体系。

[analysis]Also pointed out that,Should strengthen special policy support,Vigorously develop professional mutual guarantee institutions and guarantee company mutual joint guarantee mechanism,Exploration development loan/Guarantee risk commercial insurance.In addition,Optimizing environment,Small and medium-sized enterprises as soon as possible to establish credit rating system,Perfect small and medium-sized enterprise credit system, and to guarantee the company open,At the same time will guarantee the company into the credit system as soon as possible.

　　对此，部分相关政策正陆续到位。湖州市经信委在其网站上表示，今后融资性担保公司发生贷款担保实际代偿后，可按代偿后的净损失给予1%的风险补偿。其中，注册资金1亿元以下的，年最高补偿额不超过50万元；注册资金1亿元（含）以上的融资性担保公司，年最高补偿额不超过100万元。

this,Part of the relevant policies are being put in place.Huzhou the letter committee said on its web site,The future financing guarantee company happening loan guarantee after actual compensatory,According to compensatory after the net loss to give 1% of the risk compensation.the,The registered capital of 100 million yuan of the following,The highest amount of compensation in not more than 500000 yuan;The registered capital of 100 million yuan(contain)More financing guarantee company,The highest amount of compensation in not more than 1 million yuan.

　　

重审担保公司放贷 Review guarantee company lending

　　据银监会2010年公布的 《融资性担保公司管理暂行办法》，融资性担保公司不得发放贷款和受托发放贷款。

According to the CBRC published in 2010 [Financing guarantee interim measures for the administration of the company],Financing guarantee company shall not issue loans and the entrusted loans.

　　不过，湖州市公安局经侦支队却在《分析》中指出，为切实解决中小企业融资困难，对担保公司的放贷行为应重新予以审视。对于转贷（在保企业不能按期偿还银行贷款时，为保证企业信用，由担保公司借款给担保对象，使其用“自有资金”偿还银行贷款）、委贷（担保公司闲置资金过多，委托银行代为放贷）、短期贷款 （实力和信誉均好的担保公司将闲置资金用于为有贷款需求的企业提供短期资金支持）应该予以支持。

but,Huzhou city public security bureau in crimes but team[analysis]that,To solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises,To guarantee the company's lending practices shall be examined afresh.For onlend(In the enterprise cannot repay the bank loan,In order to ensure enterprise credit,The guaranteed company borrowing to guarantee object,Make its use"Self-capital is"Repay bank loans)/Committee credit(Guarantee company idle money too much,Entrust a bank to lend)/Short-term loans (Strength and credibility are good guarantee company will idle funds for a loan for the needs of enterprises to provide short-term capital support)Should give support.

　　王刚也认为，目前担保公司由于有资金闲置的情况，通过银行委托贷款，贷给企业的情况很普遍，但这也是打擦边球的行为。鉴于中小企业担保业务风险大、收益低，应该在适当的比例、利息、期限内，允许担保公司从事贷款业务。

Wang gang also think,It currently guarantees company with money idle condition,Through the bank entrust loan,Loans to the circumstance of the enterprise is very common,But this is also play edge ball behavior.In view of the small and medium-sized enterprise guarantee business risk big/Low profits,Should be in proper proportion/interest/period,Allow guarantee company is engaged in the loan business.

　　不过《分析》也指出，允许担保公司放贷的尝试不应一味放开，而应予以有限的认可。对于多次放贷、期限在一个月以上、利息较高等情况，应认定无效。

but[analysis]Also pointed out,Allow the company to guarantee loans should not blindly let go,And should be limited approval.For multiple lending/Deadline for more than one month/Interest rates higher situation,Shall be deemed null and void.

　　目前对担保公司的监管体系是：成立担保公司需在工商行政管理部门登记，从事融资性担保业务需经市经信委审批，金融办负责考核。《分析》称上述分工的弊端是工商局缺乏专业金融监管人员；金融办由其他部门人员抽调而成，不能对小贷、担保公司全方位专业化监管；担保公司从事金融业务却游离于人行、银监会监管之外。多头监管导致相互推诿，形成监管盲区，同时也导致监管对象无所适从。

At present to guarantee the company supervision system is:Established company should guarantee in the administrative department for industry and commerce registration,Engaged in financing guarantee business subject to examination and approval by the city letter,Financial do responsible for examination.[analysis]Say the above the disadvantages of division of Labour is industrial and commercial bureau lack of professional financial regulators;Financial do by other departments transfer and become,Unable to small credit/Security companies all professional supervision;Guarantee company is engaged in the financial business is free in the pedestrian/CBRC outside supervision.Multiple monitoring results in mutual shuffle,Formation supervision blind area,At the same time also lead to supervision object at loose ends.

　　为此，《分析》建议，应明确具体监管部门和监管责任，纳入人行和银监会的监管之下，对其资金流向和运行状况进行全方位监管；经信委、金融办、工商局协助管理，并明确各自监管职责和分工。

therefore,[analysis]Suggestions,Should be clear about specific supervision department and supervision responsibilities,Into the pedestrian and the CBRC under supervision,The capital flow and operation situation of comprehensive supervision;By the letter/Financial do/Industrial and commercial bureau to assist management,And clearly their supervision duties and division of labor.