编者提示：金融支持农田水利建设受多种因素制约难以如期足额到位：一是受项目手续合规性制约。二是受财政支持缓慢制约。三是受缺乏有效承贷主体的制约。四是受缺乏有效的担保方式制约。五是受管理体制不顺的制约。

Editor hint:Financial support farmland water conservancy construction is affected by many kinds of factors is difficult to duly full specified amount in place:A is affected by the project procedures compliance restriction.The second is restricted by the financial support slowly.The third is lack of effective commitment shall be the subject of restriction.Four is affected by the lack of effective guarantee way restriction.Five is affected by management system not restriction.

　　当前，我国南方地区遭受了严重旱情，直接影响了农业正常生产。吉林省松原市是粮食主产区，每年的粮食产量约占全省的1/4，如遇干旱，则会严重影响该市的粮食产量。为了解辖区农田水利设施建设基本情况，以防止出现旱情影响农业生产，通过对辖区金融机构支持农田水利建设情况进行一次调查，发现了几个值得关注的问题。

The current,In southern China suffered severe drought,Directly influenced the normal production of agriculture.Jilin province SongYuanShi is major grain producing areas,Every year's food production accounts for about a quarter of the whole province,In case of drought,It will seriously affect the city's food production.In order to understand the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities, the jurisdiction of the basic situation,To prevent drought affect agricultural production,Through the territory financial institutions to support farmland water conservancy construction an investigation,Found several problems that deserve the concern.

金融支持农田水利的特点 Financial support the characteristics of irrigation and water conservancy

　　目前，金融支持农田水利建设具有以下特点： At present,Financial support farmland water conservancy construction has the following features:

　　一是金融支持取得初步进展。近几年，松原市金融机构发放的“百亿斤粮增产项目”贷款主要投向农田水利建设、农业生态保护、农产品初加工服务、农机购置，以及其他农村基础设施和农业科技等7个领域。其中:农田水利建设累计投放贷款39.03亿元，占全部信贷投放的22.3%；农业生态保护累计投放贷款37.29亿元，占全部信贷投放的21.3%；农产品初加工服务累计投放贷款36.24亿元，占全部信贷投放的20.7%。

One is the financial support achieved initial progress.In recent years,SongYuanShi issued by the financial institutions"Ten billion jins grain production project"Loans mainly to the construction of farmland irrigation and water conservancy/Agricultural ecological protection/Agricultural pretreating service/Agricultural machinery purchase,And other rural infrastructure and agricultural technology seven areas.Among them: farmland water conservancy construction accumulated on the loans 3.903 billion yuan,Accounted for 22.3% of all credit availability;Agricultural ecological protection accumulated on the loans 3.729 billion yuan,Accounted for 21.3% of all credit availability;Agricultural pretreating service accumulated on the loans 3.624 billion yuan,Accounted for 20.7% of all credit availability.

　　二是创新金融产品，积极提供多元化融资服务。省农村信用联社因地制宜支持山丘区小水窖、小水池、小塘坝、小泵站、小水渠等“五小水利”工程建设。丰富担保方式，除推出担保、抵(质)押、信用贷款等多种形式外，还积极探索推出了多户联保、林权抵押、大型农业机械抵押、农村住房及宅基地抵押、农村土地承包经营权质押、财政直补资金质押等有效担保方式，为农田水利基本建设项目及时提供支持。中国建设银行(601939,股吧)从2010年开始特别为支持“三农”打造了“兴农·通富”的金融产品，目前已开发出公司预付农（林、牧）户周转贷款、农产品监管融资业务、“上、下游企业+订单+农户”涉农贷款、“农民合作社+农户联保”贷款及棚膜经济项目等多个金融产品。中国银行(601988,股吧)以农田水利枢纽工程中灌溉供水和供电收费权做质押计划对哈达山水利工程项目投放贷款10亿元，占该项目总投资的27.6%。

The second is the innovative financial products,Actively provide diversified financing service.Province rural credit association adjust measures to local conditions to support ShanQiuOu small cistern/Small pool/Small small reservoir/Small pumping station/Small ditch, etc"Five small water conservancy"Engineering construction.Rich guarantee way,In addition to launch security/to(mass)he/Credit loan and so on the many kinds of form outside,Also actively explore launched multifamily joint guarantee/Forest right mortgage/Large agricultural machinery mortgage/Rural housing and mortgage house sites/The right to the contracted management of rural land pledge/Financial direct subsidy funds pledge and so on the effective guarantee way,For irrigation and water conservancy project to provide support in time.China construction bank(601939,guba)Since 2010 especially for support"Agriculture, countryside and farmers"made"Sinon · pass rich"Financial products,At present has developed the company advance agriculture(Lin/Animal husbandry)Door turnover loan/Agricultural products supervision financing business/"on/The downstream enterprise + order + farm households"Agriculture loan/"Farmers cooperatives + peasant household joint guarantee"Loans and shed film economic project, and other financial products.The bank of China(601988,guba)With farmland water conservancy hub project of irrigation water and power supply plans to do right pledge hadad mountain water conservancy project on the loans 1 billion yuan,The project total investment accounted for 27.6%.

金融支持农田水利的问题 Financial support the problem of irrigation and water conservancy

　　金融支持农田水利建设存在的主要问题有： Financial support farmland water conservancy construction existing main problem:

　　第一，金融支持在机构、地区、领域之间存在不平衡。一是表现在信贷支持在金融机构之间的不平衡。目前，支持主要集中在农村信用社、建设银行、中国银行等3家金融机构，三者信贷支持占全省99%，农业银行(601288,股吧)、吉林银行支持较少，分别累计投放贷款0.2亿元和1.38亿元，二者合计仅占信贷支持的1%。二是表现在信贷支持在地区之间的不平衡。由于受山区、平原等地理环境因素的影响，目前，支持主要集中白城、松原、长春等中西部地区，信贷支持占全省70%以上，而对东部的白山、延吉、通化等地区的信贷支持较少支占全省20%左右。三是表现在信贷支持领域之间的不平衡，主要集中在西部地区的农田水利建设、农产品初加工服务等领域，而对农业科技和其他农村基础设施等领域的信贷支持较少。

The first,Financial support in the institution/area/Imbalance between field.One is shown in credit support in the imbalances between the financial institutions.At present,Support mainly in rural credit cooperatives/Construction bank/The bank of China, such as three financial institutions,Three credit support of the provincial total 99%,Agricultural bank(601288,guba)/Jilin bank less support,Put on the loans were accumulated 020 million yuan and 138 million yuan,The total accounted for only 1% of the credit support.The second is shown in credit support in the imbalance between.Because of the mountain/Plain, as well as the influence of geographical environment factors,At present,Support mainly bai cheng city/SongYuan/Changchun and parts of the Midwest,More than 70% of the provincial total credit support,And to the east of the white/YanJi/Tonghua and other regions of the credit support less branch of the provincial total 20%.The third is shown in credit support the imbalances between the field,Mainly concentrated in the western region of farmland water conservancy construction/Agricultural pretreating service, etc,But to agricultural science and technology and other rural infrastructure and other areas of less credit support.

　　第二，金融支持农田水利建设受多种因素制约难以如期足额到位。一是受项目手续合规性制约。涉及许多固定资产建设项目，银行对固定资产贷款合规性手续具有严格的审查要求，项目核准、土地等批复文件必须齐全才能发放贷款。但这些手续涉及多个政府职能部门，经常出现办理迟延等现象，直接影响贷款资金的投放。二是受财政支持缓慢制约。三是受缺乏有效承贷主体的制约。四是受缺乏有效的担保方式制约。五是受管理体制不顺的制约。农村水利设施由于管理体制没有理顺，产权归属不明确。国家、集体、受益农民三者的职责和义务界定不清。

The second,Financial support farmland water conservancy construction is affected by many kinds of factors is difficult to duly full specified amount in place.A is affected by the project procedures compliance restriction.The construction project involves many fixed assets,Bank of fixed assets loans compliance procedures has the strict examination requirements,Project approval/Such as land approval documents must all ready to extend loans.But these procedures involved in a number of government functional departments,Often appear to deal with delayed wait for a phenomenon,Directly influence the loan fund issuance.The second is restricted by the financial support slowly.The third is lack of effective commitment shall be the subject of restriction.Four is affected by the lack of effective guarantee way restriction.Five is affected by management system not restriction.Rural water conservancy facilities due to management system not straighten out,Property rights is not clear.countries/collective/Benefit farmers three duties and obligations definition is not clear.

　　第三，农田水利建设工程贷款项目风险大、效益低，风险补偿机制不健全，阻碍了农业信贷的进一步投入。金融机构对农田水利设施提供信贷支持，既是新行业、新领域，又是新的业务种类，与金融机构现有的管理体制、信贷资金运行机制难以适应。特别是当前支持农田水利基本建设配套政策不完善，农业信贷风险补偿机制不健全。

The third,Construction of farmland irrigation and water conservancy project loan project risk big/Benefit low,Risk compensation mechanism is not sound,Have hampered agricultural credit further investment.Financial institutions to irrigation and water conservancy facilities to provide credit support,Is new industries/New field,And new business types,And financial institutions of the existing management system/Credit funds operation mechanism is difficult to adapt to.Especially at present support farmland water conservancy supporting policies not perfect,Agricultural credit risk compensation mechanism is not sound.

金融支持农田水利的建议 Financial support farmland water conservancy suggestion

　　建议从以下几个方面进一步促进金融支持农田水利建设： Suggestions from the following several aspects to further promote financial support farmland water conservancy construction:

　　第一，实施产权制度改革，消除投融资“瓶颈”。各级政府应对现有的农田水利设施产权制度实施改革，明确所有权和使用权，可采取竞标拍卖、租赁、股份合作或联营等多种方式，使一些小型农田水利设施实现商品化，能够吸引银行及社会实体等更多的投资者前来投资，从而构建多元化、多渠道、多层次的水利融资体系，改变目前投入资金来源单一的格局。

The first,Implementation of property right system reform,Eliminate the investment and financing"bottleneck".Governments at all levels to the existing farmland water conservancy facilities property right system reform,Clear ownership and use right,Can adopt bid auction/lease/Share cooperation or pool and so on many kinds of ways,Make some small irrigation and water conservancy facilities to realize commercialization,Can attract Banks and social reality, etc more investors to investment,So as to construct the multiplex/multi-channel/Multi-level financing system of water conservancy,To change the present investment capital source single pattern.

　　第二，加快金融支持粮食增产项目的产品创新。金融机构要针对吉林省增产百亿斤商品粮“十大工程”项目建设资金需求特点，及时创新信贷品种，探索开展大型农田水利设备、大型农机具等的融资租赁业务；为小微型农田水利设施设计特色贷款，开展以农田水利项目未来收益权或收费权为抵押的贷款形式，支持农田水利建设。

The second,Speed up financial support for grain production project product innovation.Financial institutions shall, based on ten billion jins commodity grain production in jilin province"Ten key projects"The project construction fund demand characteristics,Timely innovation credit varieties,Exploration in large irrigation and water conservancy equipment/The large agricultural financing lease business;For small miniature farmland water conservancy facilities design characteristic loan,Carry out farmland water conservancy project the future usufruct or toll collection right for a mortgage loan,Support farmland water conservancy construction.

　　第三，找准市场定位，多层次建设开发。各银行业金融机构根据自身业务功能和市场定位，在保证信贷资金安全的前提下，着重加强信贷支持。国家开发银行松原市分行应重点支持农田水利等薄弱环节和水利基础设施建设。中国农业银行松原市分行要重点支持农田水利、基础设施、大型水库等修建工作。中国农业发展银行松原市分行应加强与水利部门战略合作，重点支持纳入中央和省级规划的涉农水利项目。省农村信用联社要深入调查了解乡（镇）、村社农田水利建设资金需求，加强对农业大县灌溉区末级渠系和田间工程支持，对购买水泵、柴油机、水田耙田车等水利农机具的农户积极予以贷款支持。

The third,Alignment market positioning,Multi-level construction and development.All banking financial institutions according to their own business function and market positioning,In the guarantee credit funds under the premise of safety,Focus on strengthening credit support.The state development bank SongYuanShi branch should focus on support farmland water conservancy and other weak link and water conservancy infrastructure construction.Agricultural bank of China SongYuanShi branch will focus on support farmland water conservancy/infrastructure/Large reservoirs and other repair work.The agricultural development bank of China SongYuanShi branch should strengthen and water conservancy department strategic cooperation,Key support into the central and provincial planning of water conservancy project agriculture.Province rural credit association should thoroughly investigate township(town)/The village farmland water conservancy construction fund demand,To strengthen agricultural big county moutain final canal system and field engineering support,To buy water pump/Diesel engine/Paddy field harrow field vehicles, and other water conservancy is the peasant households of the active loan support.

　　第四，省级银行对支农项目应合理下放贷款审批权和信贷规模。一是人民银行要灵活运用多种货币信贷政策手段，对各金融机构发放涉农贷款及时提供充足的流动性支持。二是农业发展银行新增贷款规模要主要向粮食增产项目建设适度倾斜，可提供低息长期贷款，支持兴建和维护农田水利设施建设。三是农业银行、农村信用社和邮政储蓄银行等商业性金融机构要合理降低贷款准入门槛，为农民合作组织或农户开展小型节水灌溉、堰坝加固、饮水安全等水利建设贷款。

The fourth,Provincial bank to support agriculture project should be reasonably down the loan examination and approval power and credit scale.One is the people's bank to flexible use of various monetary credit policy means,The financial institutions to issue agriculture loan provide plenty of liquidity support.The second is the agricultural development bank of new loans to the main scale to grain production projects moderately inclined,Can provide cheap long-term loans,Support the construction and maintenance of farmland water conservancy facilities construction.The third is the agricultural bank/Rural credit cooperatives and postal savings bank and commercial financial institutions to reasonably reduce the loan admittance threshold,For farmer cooperative organizations or farmers to carry out small water-saving irrigation/Weir dam reinforcement/Drinking water safety and water conservancy construction loan.

　　（作者单位为吉林省松原市水利局）

(The author unit for SongYuanShi water conservancy bureau of jilin province)