金融机构破产终于进入政府决策视野。9月17日，金融业“十二五”规划公布，其中提出，要“建立适合我国国情的金融机构破产法律体系，规范金融机构市场退出程序，加强行政退出与司法破产之间的有效衔接”。

Financial institutions bankruptcy finally into the government decision-making vision.On September 17,Financial industry"1025"Planning announced,The proposed,to"Establish suitable for China's national conditions of financial institutions bankruptcy legal system,Standard financial institutions market withdrawal program,Strengthen administrative exit and judicial bankruptcy effective connection between".

　　这是金融机构破产问题第二次上升至立法层面。在此之前，2007年6月实施的《企业破产法》第134条首次规定了金融机构破产：金融机构涉及破产问题时，国务院金融监督管理机构可以向人民法院提出对该金融机构进行重整或者破产清算的申请。2007年12月，根据该条规定的授权，国务院法制办委托银监会起草《银行业金融机构破产条例》。然而，该条例至今未面世。在2008年2月发布的金融业“十一五”规划中，全文亦未见“破产”二字。

This is the second time the bankruptcy of financial institutions problems rose to the legislative level.Before this,In June 2007 the implementation[Enterprise bankruptcy law]Article 134 the provisions for the first time the bankruptcy of financial institutions:Financial institutions involved in bankruptcy problem,Financial supervision and administration institution under the state council may apply to the people's court to put forward the financial institutions restructuring or the bankruptcy liquidation of the application.In December of 2007,According to the provisions of the "authorized,Affairs office of the state council to draft by the CBRC[Banking financial institutions bankruptcy ordinance].however,This regulation has not appeared.In February 2008 released by the financial industry"11th five-year plan"planning,Full text also has not seen the"bankruptcy"Two words.

　　在实际操作中，出于维稳等各种原因，政府一直怠于让资不抵债的银行破产而退出。对于资不抵债的银行，往往通过行政手段动用财政资金兜底，实在不行则进行清算重组。公开数据显示，过去十多年中我国80%以上的银行已进行彻底财务重组，重组规模超过其他国家。工、农、中、建四大行在财务重组、改制上市之前，均处于技术性破产状态，只是没有以破产的名义操作。这显然不可持续。

In practice,For dimensional stability, etc. Various kinds of reasons,The government has been idle for insolvency bank bankruptcy and exit.For insolvency bank,Often through administrative means the use of fiscal funds reveal all the details,Not really, carry out the liquidation restructuring.Public data display,Over the past ten years in our country more than 80% of the bank has a thorough financial restructuring,Restructuring scale than other countries.work/agriculture/in/To build four in financial restructuring/Before restructuring of listed,All in the technical state of bankruptcy,But no to bankrupt nominal operation.This is clearly unsustainable.

　　法律的阙如还导致目前的诸多尴尬。我国第一家被行政关闭的商业银行——海南发展银行14年来一直未能“安息”，至今仍处于清算过程中，无法完成破产程序。不久前，全国首例农信社破产案——河北省肃宁县尚村农信社正式进入司法程序，目前难说有下文。

The law also leads to its present many awkward.Our country the first a administrative close business bank, hainan development bank 14 years have been unable to"rest",Still in the clearing process,Unable to complete the bankruptcy procedure.Not long ago,The country's first case in rural credit cooperatives, rural credit cooperatives in hebei province is SuNingXian village formally entering the judicial process,Now it's hard to say have below.

　　市场主体有进有出，企业有生有死，金融机构破产可以解决企业所有自出生以来积压的问题。实际上，在较为成熟的经济体，银行破产已是家常便饭。美国联邦储蓄保险公司(FDIC)发布的报告显示，2011年，美国倒闭银行数量为58家，数据好于去年同期，2010年，则有157家。频繁出现的破产并未给美国银行业带来太大的冲击，反而能维系一个健康的金融生态，持续为经济体注入活力。

The market main body have into a out,Enterprise effective have died,The bankruptcy of financial institutions can solve the enterprise all since the birth of the backlog problem.In fact,In a mature economies,The bank of bankruptcy is potluck.The federal deposit insurance company(FDIC)A report released by the display,In 2011,,The number of bank collapse for 58 home,Data better than the same period last year,In 2010,,There were 157.Frequent bankruptcy does not give the United States banking much impact,It can maintain a healthy financial ecology,Continue to inject vigor economy.

　　破产制度同我国促进金融业发展与改革的总体目标并不相悖。金融危机的爆发给各国银行业敲响了警钟，未来世界经济面临更多不确定性，银行业面临的风险压力有增无减。就我国而言，在经济下行大势下，银行业不良贷款与不良率已露出双升苗头，未来可能将有更多金融机构陷入困境。尤为值得注意的是，今年6月，利率市场化改革破冰，只要监管层坚持推进，市场上必然会出现优胜劣汰的博弈，某些金融机构的破产在所难免。

Bankruptcy system and China to promote financial development and reform of the overall goals do not against each other.The outbreak of the financial crisis in the banking industry to countries was a wake-up call,The future of the world economy is facing more and more uncertainty,The risk of banking industry faces pressure to grow.Regarding China,In the economic down under the general trend,Banking bad loans and the defect rate already show double rise symptom,Possible future will have more financial institutions in trouble.Particularly noteworthy is,In June this year,Interest rate marketization reform ice,As long as the supervision layer persistent,The market will appear of the survival of the fittest game,Some financial institutions bankruptcy unavoidable.

　　金融业“十二五”规划的出台正当其时，更显示了监管层对以上问题的认知。或许，在推进各地金融改革热潮的今天，监管层对于可能出现的市场风险多少有了预估，决心开始直面并探索金融机构退出制度。

Financial industry"1025"Planning come on stage to the frontlines,More shows the supervision layer on the above issues cognitive.perhaps,In promoting financial reform all over the hot today,Supervision layer for possible market risk how many had estimated,Determined to began to face and explores financial institutions exit system.

　　但是，应当看到，要想解决金融机构的破产问题，仅凭金融业“十二五”规划中的数笔显然不够。金融机构尤其是银行业的破产涉及众多普通百姓，须有一整套完善的配套制度。

but,Should see,If you want to solve the problem of financial institutions in the bankruptcy,With only the financial industry"1025"The planned number pen obviously not enough.Financial institutions especially banking bankruptcy in many ordinary people,Must have a complete set of perfect supporting system.

　　值得欣慰的是，为破产处理“后事”的存款保险制度有望推出。早在今年3月中旬，周小川就撰文指出，当前建立存款保险制度的条件已基本具备，要择机出台并组织实施。存款保险制度的建立，可在银行面临破产危机时，保护好储户的基本利益。

It is a comfort,For the bankruptcy process"Experience is"Deposit insurance system is expected to launch.Earlier this year in mid-march,Zhou xiaochuan pointed out that have written,The establishment of a deposit insurance system has basically met the conditions,Come to the timing and organize the implementation thereof.The establishment of the deposit insurance system,But in the bank crisis facing bankruptcy,Protect the basic interests of the depositors.

　　后续还有诸多重要的问题需在立法层面上扎实推进，以使制度具有操作性，比如怎样界定破产标准、如何确定破产管理人。唯有如此，海南发展银行与尚村农信社才能真正得“安息”。

Follow-up and many important problems in the legislative level should be in a down-to-earth manner,In order to make system has operability,Such as how to define the bankruptcy standards/How to determine the bankruptcy administrator.Only then,Hainan development bank and is still village rural credit cooperative to real"rest".