在地方金融机构改革、“金融反贫困”等方面，宁夏金融办做了一些开创性的尝试。

In a local financial institution reform/"Financial anti-poverty", etc,Ningxia financial do do some groundbreaking try.

　　联系到宁夏回族自治区金融管理办公室（下称“宁夏金融办”）主任尹全洲时，他正在参加一场座谈会。会议结束时，已过午饭时间，匆匆泡了碗方便面，他便又乘车前往县里进行调研。出任金融办主任的7年间，如此紧密的日程安排对他而言，已是家常便饭。

Linked to the ningxia hui autonomous region financial management office(said"Ningxia financial do")YinQuanZhou director when,He is in a symposium.At the end of the meeting,Already lunch time,Hurry bubble bowl of instant noodles,He then and coach journey to county carries on the investigation and study.As finance director do 7 years,So tight schedule for him,Is the norm.

　　宁夏金融办成立于2005年，彼时的宁夏金融，可谓一个“烂摊子”。

Ningxia financial he founded in 2005,Back then the ningxia financial,Is one"mess".

　　2001年，宁夏上市公司银广夏被曝出业绩“造假案”；2004年，因德隆系风波，牵出宁夏伊斯兰国际信托投资公司（下称“伊信公司”） 非法圈钱30亿的违规案件；2007年，宁夏商联实业有限责任公司（下称“宁夏商联”）非法集资，数百名投资者卷入其中……一时间，金融圈内“谈宁夏而色变”。

In 2001,,Ningxia YinGuangXia listed companies is to expose performance"Fraud case";In 2004,,Because deron system storm,Pull out ningxia islamic international trust and investment corporation(said"The letter company") Illegal ring money 3 billion violations;In 2007,,Ningxia acccim industrial co., LTD(said"Ningxia acccim")Illegal financing,Hundreds of investors involved...time,Financial circles"Talk about ningxia and colour change".

　　7年过去了，如今的宁夏金融又是怎样？

Seven years have passed,Today's ningxia financial how?

　　“最早在全国范围内由省级农信社联社整体改制组建黄河银行；农村小额贷款机构数量最多、规模最大；农村金融机构种类最为齐全，某些种类具有创新价值；地方金融机构的改革、监管走在了全国前面；在全国率先实施‘金融反贫困’战略。”北京大学中国金融研究中心秘书长王曙光如此概括宁夏金融近年来的发展成果，长期以来，他一直跟踪调研宁夏金融改革。

"In the earliest nationwide by provincial rural credit cooperative association established the overall restructuring of the Yellow River bank;The largest number of rural microfinance organizations/largest;Rural financial institutions, the complete and most species,Some species have innovation value;The reform of local financial institutions/Supervision walking in front of the country;The lead in implementation‘Financial anti-poverty’strategy."Beijing university and China financial research center secretary general WangShuGuang so summarized ningxia financial in recent years development achievements,For a long time,He has been tracking investigation ningxia financial reform.

　　7年间，宁夏金融是如何“化腐朽为神奇”的呢？

Seven years,Ningxia finance is how"Change decayed for magical"??

　　“救火队” "Fire brigade"

　　2009年3月30日，北京市金融办在全国范围内率先升格为金融工作局。升格后的金融工作局不再是议事协调机构，而是具有具体管理权限的政府组成部门。这一事件也被外界视为各地金融办“实权化”开启的标志。

On March 30, 2009,Beijing financial do in the nationwide first upgraded to financial bureau.Environment of financial bureau is no longer the deliberation and coordination agencies,But a specific management authority of the government departments.The event was also the outside world around as financial services office"Real power change"Open sign of.

　　但事实上，首开“实权化”先河的当属宁夏金融办。

But in fact,First open"Real power change"First, when is the ningxia financial do.

　　“在北京市决定挂牌金融工作局之前，全国只有宁夏金融办具备完全的管理职能，并最有可能一步到位，设立‘金融管理局’。”与多位金融办主任过从甚密的中国金融研究院院长何世红介绍说。

"In Beijing decided to hang out one's shingle financial work before bureau,The national only ningxia financial do have complete management function,And the most likely one pace reachs the designated position,Set up‘Financial administration’."With many financial services office director hobnob China financial research institute President HeShiGong said.

　　这一说法得到了宁夏金融办方面的确认：“从成立之初到，宁夏金融办的定位就是主管宁夏地方金融工作的行政机构，承担着联系中央驻宁金融机构、主管地方金融机构的职责。”

This is the one that got the ningxia financial do in confirmation:"From the beginning of establishment of to,Ningxia financial do positioning is competent ningxia local financial work of the administrative institutions,Responsible for the contact the central standing NingJinRong mechanism/The responsibilities of the competent local financial institutions."

　　在工作职责与权限方面，宁夏金融办与京沪两地类似，包含了协调、管理、推动地方融资及研究等方面内容。尽管并未在机构改革中实施更名、扩权，但从职能范围不难看出，宁夏金融办的“规格”不低。

In the work responsibilities and permissions,Ningxia financial do with just two similar,Includes the coordination/management/Promote local financing and research content, etc.Although not in the organizational reform the name implementation/so,But it is not difficult to see from functional area,Ningxia financial do"specifications"Not low.

　　用尹全洲自己的话说，“虽然没有更名，但‘局’和‘办’的一字之差没有任何实质性的区别。”

With YinQuanZhou own words,"Although there is no name,but‘bureau’and‘do’The change of one word of no substantial difference."

　　虽同为职能管理部门，但与北京金融局相比，宁夏金融办所管理的金融业在体量上的差距却不容忽视。“宁夏金融办成立之初，没有一家省属的基金公司、券商，只有两家实力不强的商业银行。”王曙光指出。

Although the same for the functional management department,But compared with Beijing financial bureau,Ningxia financial do the management of the financial industry in the gap in the mass but not allow to ignore."Ningxia financial do at the beginning of its establishment,Not a provincial fund company/brokers,Only two strength is not strong commercial Banks."WangShuGuang pointed out that.

　　宁夏金融资源的匮乏，使得金融办的管理职能得不到充分体现，反而更多扮演临危受命的“救火队”角色。

The lack of financial resources in ningxia,Have made the financial management functions do not fully embody,But more dangerous play of crimes"Fire brigade"role.

　　2004年8月，宁夏媒体上出现一则诱人的广告：“最低投资2.5万元，每年稳获10%超高税后纯收益，期满还本，本利双丰收。”

In August 2004,Ningxia media appeared an attractive advertising:"The minimum investment is 25000 yuan,Every year 10% clinch the ultra-high after-tax net benefits,Expiration repayment of capital,Principal and interest double harvest."

　　发布这则广告的是宁夏商联，这家成立于2003年的公司，由民间商会、房地产、建筑装饰、典当行、生态农业等多种业态构成。在当地，绝对算得上是一家“有头有脸”的企业。

Release the AD is acccim in ningxia,The company was founded in 2003,The chamber of commerce/Real estate/Architectural decoration/pawnshop/Ecological agriculture and so on the many kinds of composition formats.In the local,Absolute calculate going up is a"respected"enterprise.

　　雄厚的企业背景以及诱人的广告宣传，使得宁夏商联在不到半年的时间内，签订委托理财合同300多份，吸纳资金1878.90万元。其中，多以个人投资者为主，一些投资人甚至将半辈子的血汗钱都押了进去。

Strong business background and attractive advertising,Make ningxia acccim within less than half a period of time,Signed entrust financial contract of more than 300,Absorbing capital of 18.789 million yuan.the,Many individual investors to give priority to,Some investors even will rest of your hard-earned money came in.

　　但事实上，这一集资方式并未经中国人民银行批准，属于超越经营范围，变相吸收公众存款。

But in fact,The fund raising way and without the approval of the people's bank of China,Belong to beyond the business scope,Disguised absorbing public savings.

　　2005年12月，因涉嫌非法集资，宁夏商联被当地法院查封。由于担心非法集资款无法兑付，一些情绪激动的群众在被查封的宁夏商联门口进行抗议。当时，负责处置此事的工商联负责人感到事情紧急，连夜联系到宁夏金融办，希望金融办出面协调解决。

In December of 2005,Suspicion of illegal financing,Ningxia acccim by local court closure.For fear of illegal JiZiKuan can't cash,Some emotional the attachment of the merchants in ningxia the entrance to protest.At that time,Responsible for the disposal of the federations of industry and commerce chief feel it's an emergency,All through the night linked to ningxia financial do,Hope that financial do to coordinate and solve.

　　正在办公室加班的尹全洲接到电话后马上赶到事发现场。通过长时间的对话、做工作，终于稳定了群众情绪，并当面提出了拟处置方案。

Is the office work overtime YinQuanZhou received a phone call immediately rushed to the site.Through the long time of dialogue/work,Finally the stable mood,Face to face, and puts forward the quasi disposal scheme.

　　随后，在宁夏金融办的主持下，宁夏商联对非法集资款分两次进行集中兑付，牵涉其中的313户公众的1870余万元集资款全部兑付完毕。

then,In the ningxia financial do under the auspices of,Acccim ningxia of illegal JiZiKuan at twice for centralized cash,The public involved 313 households of more than 1870 yuan JiZiKuan all the cash.

　　“群众是最为通情达理的，他们要求并不高，只要处置得当，任何问题和矛盾都是可以化解的。”尹全洲在总结打击非法集资的有关工作时表示。

"The masses are the most reasonable,They do not request high,As long as the proper disposal,Any questions and contradictions can be dissolved."YinQuanZhou in the summary of the related work to combat illegal financing said.

　　“宁夏商联非法集资案”刚刚告一段落，受德隆系事件影响，宁夏又曝出伊信公司非法圈钱30亿违规案件。与伊信公司业务往来频繁的银川商业银行遭遇巨大流动性风险。

"Ningxia acccim illegal financing case"Just come to an end,Be deron system event influence,Ningxia and expose the letter company illegal ring money 3 billion violations.And the letter company business frequent yinchuan commercial Banks encounter huge liquidity risk.

　　在此背景下，自治区党委书记、自治区政府主席提出了将银川市商业银行重组更名为宁夏银行的构想。

In this context,Autonomous region party committee secretary/The government of the autonomous region chairman proposed commercial bank restructuring was renamed yinchuan ningxia bank's idea.

　　“重组办公室就设在自治区金融管理办公室，由金融办具体组织实施，承担实施主体的角色。”尹全洲回忆说。

"Restructuring office is located in autonomous regions financial management office,The financial do the actual implementation,Assume the role of implementing the subject."YinQuanZhou recalls.

　　然而，在四大国有商业银行尚且都在摸索上市路径的当时，城商行改制在全国范围内都是一个难题。

however,In the four big state-owned commercial Banks have in grope listed path at that time,City business restructuring across the country is a problem.

　　“完全是创新性的，没有任何经验可循。为了讨论方案，常常加班，有时晚上十点多还有好几个人在尹主任办公室。”曾参与重组事宜的知情人士回忆说。

"Completely is innovative,Don't have any experience to follow.In order to discuss plans,Often work overtime,Sometimes there are still quite a few people more than ten o 'clock at night in Yin the director's office."Participated in the restructuring matters people familiar with the matter said memories.

　　借鉴四大行股改上市的路径，尹全洲和同事决定：第一步，从剥离不良资产开始。

Reference to other four line listed path,YinQuanZhou and his colleagues decided to:The first step,Start from the strip bad assets.

　　“首先，解决存款结构不合理、职工货款入股等问题，督促银川市商业银行对银行承兑汇票进行压缩，对前10户超比例发放的大额贷款进行清理压缩。”但这一举措旋即遭到来自股东与储户方面的阻力。

"First of all,Solve deposit structure is not reasonable/The worker in payment problems,Yinchuan urged commercial Banks to bank acceptance draft compression,The top 10 families of super scale by the large amount of loans to clean up compression."But the move was immediately from shareholders and savers aspects of resistance.

　　关键时刻，自治区党委、自治区政府给予金融办强有力的支持。

Critical moment,Autonomous region party committee/The government of the autonomous region to give financial support.

　　“区委书记、区政府主席多次明确表态：银川商业银行重组是改革的必然趋势，由金融办坚决执行。”前述知情人士透露。

"District party committee secretary/The district government chairman specifically expressed a many times:Yinchuan commercial bank restructuring is the inevitable trend of reform,The financial do firmly carried out."The people close to the situation said.

　　尹全洲介绍，当时，自治区人民政府常务会不定期听取地方金融机构的工作汇报，以便及时有效地解决重组过程中可能出现的问题。

YinQuanZhou introduced,At that time,Autonomous region people's government board of managing directors do not regularly listen to the local financial institutions work report,In order to timely and effectively solve the restructuring process problems that may occur.

　　最终，在规范财务管理基础上，通过增资扩股、加强内控、不良资产置换等一系列措施，银川商业银行具备了更名的基本条件，并于2007年更名为宁夏银行。

finally,In the standardization of financial management basis,Through the increase endowment spread/Strengthening internal control/A series of measures such as bad assets replacement,Yinchuan commercial Banks have the basic conditions of the name,And in 2007 was renamed ningxia bank.

　　金融反贫困 Financial anti-poverty

　　随着以宁夏银行等为代表的区属金融机构逐渐设立，宁夏的金融“家底”日渐丰厚，金融办也不再满足于“救火队”的角色定位，其推动地方金融发展的职能开始发挥效用。

With ningxia bank as a representative of ringed mountains belongs to financial institutions set up gradually,Ningxia financial"resources"Increasingly rich,Financial do no longer satisfied with"Fire brigade"Role positioning,To promote the development of the local financial functions are beginning to play their utility.

　　曾在以“苦瘠”著称的宁夏西海固地区工作多年的尹全洲认为，金融办最重要的职能在于，通过创新，走出一条“金融反贫困”之路。

Once in"Bitter purposes"The western region of ningxia is famous for its solid work many years of YinQuanZhou think,Financial do the most important function is to,Through the innovation,Out of a"Financial anti-poverty"road.

　　“我们采取的策略是需求导向型的创新。即根据当地农村金融制度供给与制度需求的客观特征，着力塑造多层次的农村金融市场体系。”尹全洲介绍。

"We take the strategy is the innovation of the generated demand.According to the local rural financial system supply and system requirements of the objective characteristics,Focus on shaping the village of the multilayers the financial market system."YinQuanZhou introduced.

　　由此，一些在其他地区得不到有效开展的新型金融服务模式，在宁夏得以率先试水。

this,Some in other areas is not effectively develop new types of financial service mode,In the ningxia to take the lead in test the waters.

　　掌政农村资金物流调剂中心（下称“掌政中心”）便是其中一个典型代表。

Palm administration rural capital logistics adjustment centre(said"Palm administration center")Is one of the typical representatives.

　　“‘掌政农村资金物流调剂中心’这个名字是由在金融办等政府部门的领导下确定的。”掌政中心创始人董健康此前在接受媒体采访时坦言。

"‘Palm administration rural capital logistics adjustment centre’This name is made in the financial office, etc under the leadership of the government departments determined."Palm administration center founder DongJianKang previously, when being interviewed by the media said.

　　在掌政中心的发展历程中，宁夏金融办也给予了不少支持。

In the center of the palm political development process,Ningxia financial do also gives a lot of support.

　　“中心最初由200户农民参股发起，设立的初衷是为了解决农民的贷款难问题。功能有些类似于互助社。”掌政中心农贷部总经理乔磊回忆说，最初的发展模式是将全部资本金都用于发放农贷：只要符合条件，农民随时可以贷款，收获了又可以随时还款；农民贷款进行的生产项目一旦遇到困难无法及时还款时，掌政中心还可以推迟还款或追加贷款，帮助农民把生产进行下去，直到成功获利。

"Center at first by 200 households farmers' participation launched,The establishment of the original intention is to solve farmers loans difficult problem.Functions are similar to cooperatives."Palm administration center agricultural credit department general manager QiaoLei recalled,The initial development pattern is will all capital to issue agricultural loan:As long as to meet the conditions,Farmers can loan,Harvest and can at any time reimbursement;Farmers loans for production project once encountered difficulty in timely payments,Palm administration center also can delay repayment or additional loans,To help farmers produce the on,Until success profit.

　　然而，由于后续资金不足，掌政中心的自身运作陷入困境。“农户的承受能力有限，我们给的利率都是很低的，最后的收益连覆盖成本都很困难。再加上资本金比较少，刚开始的时候，维持运营都很艰难。”乔磊坦言。

however,Due to the lack of follow-up funds,Palm administration center's own operation in trouble."Farmers bear ability is limited,We give interest rate is very low,The final benefit even cover the cost is very difficult.Plus less capital,The beginning,Maintain operation is very difficult."QiaoLei said.

　　尹全洲及同事在多次调研掌政中心后，提出了改进思路。“他们提出了为中心量身设计一套‘阶梯式差别定价机制’的建议。”乔磊回忆说。

YinQuanZhou and his colleagues in many research palm administration after center,The author put forward the improvement ideas."They put forward as the center design a tailor‘Step difference pricing mechanism’suggestion."QiaoLei recalls.

　　所谓“阶梯定价”，就是基于政策、经济、风险、合作历史等因素，对于不同的贷款形式、贷款种类和贷款额度，采用“基准利率+浮动利率”的方式确定最终放贷利率。

The so-called"Step pricing",Is based on policy/economic/risk/Cooperation factors such as history,For different in the form of a loan/Loan species and loans,the"Benchmark interest rate and floating interest rate"Way to determine the final lending interest rates.

　　如：10000元以下的“一般生产和生活消费类”6个月期限的贷款，月息1分左右；而10001~30000元的“生产发展和创业类”贷款，6个月期限的月息就为1.1分左右。

if:10000 yuan of the following"General production and life consumer"Six months term of the loan,Monthly interest 1 minute or so;And 10001 ~ 30000 yuan"The production development and the business class"loan,Six months of the time limit for the monthly interest about 1.1 points.

　　这种差异化的贷款模式，使得掌政中心的收益情况得到一定程度的好转。

The differentiation of the loan mode,Make palm administration center the income of get a certain degree of better.

　　截至2012年一季度，掌政中心累计为5000余户农民提供了贷款，累计贷款金额接近1.2亿元，帮助这些农户人均年收入增长1000多元。

By the end of 2012 quarter,Palm administration center for total more than 5000 households farmers to provide the loan,Accumulative total loan amount of nearly 120 million yuan RMB,To help the farmers per capita annual income growth of 1000 yuan.

　　“宁夏设立的掌政中心具有农民资金互助社和小额贷款公司合二为一的特点。”河南省银监局局长李伏安坦言，目前正在河南试行的“社区银行”理念，或多或少来源于“掌政模式”的创意与启发。

"The establishment of the government of ningxia palm center has the peasants' fund cooperatives and the characteristics of small loan companies close 2 for one."Henan silver inspect bureau chief li volt ampere said,Henan province is currently the trial"Community Banks"concept,More or less from"Palm administration models"Creativity and inspiration.

　　“以需求为导向”的改革理念在推动小额贷款公司的过程中同样得到了体现。

"With demand as the guide"Reform ideas in promoting the process of small loan companies also reflected.

　　不同于银行、典当行、担保公司，定位于非金融机构的小额贷款机构具有“只贷不存”的特点。但在贷款需求持续增长、业务量快速放大的背景之下，资金周转不灵的小贷公司陆续陷入“无钱可贷、无事可干”的尴尬境地。

Different from bank/pawnshop/Guarantee company,Located in non-financial institutions with microfinance organizations"Only credit don't save"characteristics.But in loan demand growth/Volume rapid amplification context,Fund revolving little credit company in in succession"No money to borrow/Nothing to do"Awkward situation.

　　“要使小贷公司得到可持续发展，必须建立起大型商业银行与小贷公司之间资金的无缝对接机制。”尹全洲认为。

"To make small loan companies get sustainable development,Must set up large commercial Banks and small credit company capital between the seamless docking mechanism."YinQuanZhou think.

　　在宁夏金融办的牵线搭桥之下，银行、担保公司、小贷公司多方参与的“国有大银行→小额贷款公司→小额贷款者”（由大银行向小额贷款公司批发贷款，再由小额贷款公司向农户零售贷款）的“直通车”机制正式建立。

In the ningxia financial do matchmaking under the bridge,The bank/Guarantee company/Small loan companies participating"State-owned Banks - small loan companies - microfinance lenders"(The big Banks to small loan company wholesale loans,Again by small loans to farmers retail loans)of"train"Mechanism formally established.

　　“担保机构的介入，成功打通了银行与小贷公司之间的资金流通环节，有效调动、配置金融资源。”王曙光认为。

"The involvement of guarantee agencies,Success through the bank with small credit company between capital circulation,Effective transfer/Allocation of financial resources."WangShuGuang think.

　　但由于一些发展思路与理念过于超前，不断拓宽的宁夏农村金融服务体系也面临着一些困扰。

But because some development thoughts and idea too lead,Expanding the ningxia rural financial service system is faced with some problems.

　　仍以掌政中心为例，这一“非典型性”的非银类金融服务机构正面临着“身份不明”的忧虑。

Still with palm administration center as an example,this"atypical"Not silver class financial services institutions are faced with"Unknown identity"worries.

　　王力（化名）是掌政中心的股东兼客户。几年间，伴随着掌政中心的成长，他逐渐从一个只有十几只蛋鸡的小养殖户变成了一个中型养鸡场的小老板。但王力却说不清楚这个一路扶持他的机构到底是什么性质。

Wang li(alias)Is palm administration center of shareholders and the customer.Few years,With the growth of the palm administration center,He gradually from a only a dozen or so laying hens small farmers into a medium-sized chicken farm small boss.But wang li say not clear the way to support his agency exactly is what property.

　　“就是帮助我们农民的，可以给我们贷款的‘地方’。”他这样告诉记者。

"Is to help our farmers,Can give us the loan‘place’."He told reporters.

　　甚至掌政中心的员工也为自己的“身份”犯糊涂。“我们不是小贷公司，不招其他小贷公司待见，但每次金融办举行相关的交流活动都会请我们去做代表发言。”掌政中心商贷部总经理马小芳很无奈地表示。

Even palm administration center staff for their own"identity"Make careless."We are not small credit company,Don't recruit other small credit company be fond of,But every time financial do hold related activities will please us to do on behalf of the speech."Palm administration center business credit department general manager MaXiaoFang very reluctantly said.

　　据王曙光介绍，掌政中心在业务和经营方面，具有小额贷款公司的特点，也和小贷公司所面临的问题相同，其在注册形态上为工商类企业。因此，在上缴税费时，掌政中心还是按照公司类别标准执行，既不能享受金融机构的税费优惠政策，又不能享受各种针对农村金融机构财政补贴资金。

According to WangShuGuang introduced,Palm administration center in business and management aspects,Has the characteristics of small loan companies,Also and small credit company facing the same problem,The registration form for the commerce class enterprise.therefore,In turn over to the taxes and fees,Palm administration center or according to the company category standards,Both neither can enjoy financial institutions the tax preferential policies,And cannot enjoy all kinds of financial subsidies for rural financial institutions funds.

　　“每年上缴税费五十几万元。”乔磊介绍。

"Every year tax ten thousand yuan to 40."QiaoLei introduced.

　　与此同时，模式不清也使得“掌政中心”的未来存在太多的不确定性。“掌政模式，实质是小额贷款公司的一种特别形式，但是又没有拿到小额贷款公司的牌照。一旦监管部门收紧 ，随时都有被停掉的可能性。”一位不愿透露姓名的地方金融监管部门负责人向记者表示。

meanwhile,Mode is not clear also makes"Palm administration center"Future exist too much uncertainty."Palm administration models,Essence is small loan companies of a kind of special form,But not get small loan company's licence.Once the supervision department tightening ,At any moment the possibility of be discontinued."One does not wish to disclose the name of local financial supervision department person in charge told reporters.

　　王曙光建议，相比直接转为村镇银行或者小贷公司，已经在当地运行多年、积累了良好声誉和重视客户群体的掌政中心，应该有一个更好的模式来鼓励其转型和升级。

WangShuGuang Suggestions,Compared with direct into town bank or small credit company,Already in the local operation for many years/Accumulated a good reputation and customer groups of palm administration center,There should be a better model to encourage the transformation and upgrading.

　　“现阶段，金融办在权限范围内所能做的只有这么多。”前述知情人士坦言，未来，这一多少带有几分试错性色彩的创新性金融服务机构，能否顺利“转正”，还要看未来的发展走向，以及监管部门对其业务模式的最终定性。

"At present,Financial do in within the scope of authority can do only so much."The people familiar with the matter said,The future,This how many take part ShiCuoXing colorific innovative financial services,Can be successfully"Become a full member",Also see the future development trend,And the supervision department of the business model of final qualitative.

　　在各地金融业发展成熟程度不一、架构级别也有较大差异的当下，宁夏金融办的管理职能与辐射半径，无疑已走在了大多数金融强省的前面。

In the financial industry development around the different maturity/Architecture level also have bigger difference now,Ningxia financial do management function and radiation radius,No doubt already walk in the front of the most financial strong province.

　　“为加强和改善全区金融工作的领导，自治区党委书记亲自担任宁夏金融工作领导小组组长，这在全国其他省区是没有过的。”尹全洲认为。

"In order to strengthen and improve the financial work leadership,Autonomous region party committee secretary as personally ningxia financial work leading group leader,This in all the other provinces is not seen."YinQuanZhou think.

　　“目前，宁夏已经形成了比较完整的地方金融管理体系，小额贷款公司、担保公司等‘一行三会’监管之外的金融和准金融企业，已一并纳入统筹规划管理的范围。”宁夏金融办方面介绍说。

"At present,Ningxia has formed a relatively complete local financial management system,Petty loan company/Guarantee company, etc‘A line of three will’Outside supervision of financial and quasi financial enterprise,Already together into the scope of overall planning management."Ningxia financial do aspects said.

　　王曙光认为，宁夏金融办“实权化”得以快速推进，与当地政府的制度优势有关。“不可否认，与中央政府相比，地方政府有着制度创新上的比较优势。”王曙光指出。

WangShuGuang think,Ningxia financial do"Real power change"Rapid propulsion,And the local government system advantage about."undeniable,Comparing with central government,The local government has on the system innovation of comparative advantage."WangShuGuang pointed out that.

　　首先，地方政府比中央政府掌握更多信息，具备信息优势。地方政府对区域内微观经济主体的行为模式、经济与社会需求以及各种约束条件都比较熟悉，而中央政府并不具备关于地方经济发展的完备信息。

First of all,The local government than the central government master more information,Have the information advantage.Local governments in the region microeconomic subject behavior patterns/Economic and social needs, and various constraint conditions are quite familiar with,And the central government don't have about the local economy development of complete information.

　　其二，地方政府在制度创新上面临的约束以及创新成本都比较低。

The second,The local government in the system innovation faces constraints and the innovation cost is low.

　　“中央政府在决策和法律制订方面往往面临着更多的约束，因为必须将整个国家的情况纳入其效用函数和考量范围。而地方政府只需要考虑本地区经济发展的需要，在局部创新方面有更大的创新空间。”王曙光认为。

"The central government in decision-making and laws make often faced with more constraint,Because must will be the situation all over the country into its utility function and consideration scope.And the local government only need to consider the need of economic development of the region,In the local innovation have a greater innovation space."WangShuGuang think.

　　其三，地方政府与微观经济主体的物理距离更近，因此，微观经济主体可以说服、诱导地方政府进行局部的制度创新，以进行有利于地方微观经济主体的制度创新。

thirdly,The local government and micro economic subject of physical distance closer,therefore,Microeconomic subject can persuade/Induced local government in regional innovation system,For beneficial for local microeconomic subject system innovation.

　　“与全国大部分经济欠发达地区一样，宁夏农村金融服务供求曾一度严重失衡。农村金融服务网点短缺，正规金融机构大规模撤并基层网点，而与农村金融‘空洞化’形成对照的是近年来宁夏经济的快速发展。”中国社科院农村发展研究所研究员、中国小额信贷联盟理事长杜晓山表示。

"With the national economy as well as most of the less developed areas,Ningxia rural financial service supply and demand imbalance once.The rural financial service outlets shortage,Formal financial institutions merger of basic particle mass,With the rural financial‘KongDongHua’Contrast is in recent years the rapid development of economy in ningxia."By the Chinese academy of social sciences researcher at the institute of rural development/China microfinance union chairman DuXiaoShan said.

　　杜晓山认为，“宁夏金融改革的模式可以概括为：以农村金融的增量改革为突破口，充分利用和挖掘各种资源优势和政策优势，整合民间资本，建立商业银行、农信社、村镇银行、小额贷款机构、农民资金互助组织等多元化、多层次金融业态，使区域内的农村金融服务初步实现较为充分的竞争。”

DuXiaoShan think,"Ningxia financial reform mode can be summarized as:Rural financial incremental reform as a breakthrough,Make full use of various resources and mining advantage and policy advantage,Integrate nongovernmental capital,Have established the commercial Banks/Rural credit cooperative/Town bank/Microfinance institutions/Farmers mutual funds diversified organization/Multi-level financial format,Make area of rural financial service preliminary to achieve comparatively sufficient competition."