在金融运行中处于主流地位的国际金融控股集团，以其严密的组织力量和雄厚的资本力量，成为国家间、地区间金融博弈的要角，参与甚至决定着国际利益集团的格局演变。世界政治与国际金融交互影响共同深处变局之中。

In the financial operation of the mainstream position in the international financial holding group,With its strict organization strength and abundant capital strength,Between countries become/Regional financial game to Angle,Participate in and even decide the international interest group pattern evolution.The world political and international finance interaction among the depths of common change.

　　生产力总是存在于一定的生产关系之中。企业组织形式是生产关系的微观基础，居于主流地位的企业组织形式影响着生产方式的性质、走向和总体特征。人类经济活动的演变历程中，人们创造了股份制这样的企业形式，成为现代市场经济的微观组织基础。在金融演变进程中，人们创造了商业银行、投资银行、保险公司等企业组织形式并在此基础上逐渐形成制度、技术和文化内涵更为丰富的金融混合体（conglomerate）即金融控股公司。在社会经济百年变革的激流中，金融企业内部各相关要素不断组合和重构，金融控股公司渐成主流形式（main stream model）。

Productivity is always exist in certain relations of production in.Enterprise organization is the microeconomic foundation relations of production,In the mainstream status of the enterprise organization form affect the nature of the production mode/Trend and general characteristics.The evolution of human economic activities in the course,People have created a joint-stock such enterprise form,Become a modern market economy the microstructure foundation.In the financial evolution process,People have created a commercial bank/Investment bank/Insurance companies, such as the enterprise organization form and on this basis gradually formed system/Technology and culture connotation is more abundant financial mixture(conglomerate)Namely the financial holding company.In social and economic change in the stream of one hundred,The financial enterprise internal every relevant elements constantly combination and reconstruction,Financial holding company gradually into the mainstream form(Main stream model).

　　主流金融机构考察 The mainstream financial institutions investigation

　　英国《银行家》（The Banker）等权威机构每年对全球大银行进行排名，观察这些排名，可以看出各国金融实力、结构特征及金融组织形式的变化趋势。例如，2011年排名前20的机构中，即美国银行、摩根大通公司、汇丰集团、花旗集团、苏格兰皇家银行、中国工商银行(601398,股吧)、美国富国银行、中国建设银行(601939,股吧)、中国银行(601988,股吧)、三菱日联金融集团、法国农业信贷银行、西班牙对外银行、高盛集团、中国农业银行(601288,股吧)、法国巴黎银行、英国巴克莱银行、日本瑞穗金融集团、摩根士坦利公司、意大利联合信贷银行和三井住友金融集团，以商业银行为主营业务，以多种金融业务为辅助的金融机构有18家，它们均已成为事实上的金控集团。以投资银行业务为主的高盛和摩根斯坦利虽然业务范围较为集中，但也设有若干专业子公司。可以说，前20家机构中没有一家还在采用单一公司制组织形式，采取金控模式的金融机构在数量和份量上明显地居于主流地位。若把考察范围扩大到前100家机构，情况也大致如此。

British[bankers](The Banker)Each year and authority to global big bank to rank,Observe these rankings,Can see that countries financial strength/Structure characteristics and financial organization forms of change trend.For example,In 2011, the top 20 institutions,Namely bank of America/Jpmorgan chase/The HSBC group/citigroup/Royal bank of Scotland/The industrial and commercial bank of China(601398,guba)/The Wells Fargo bank/China construction bank(601939,guba)/The bank of China(601988,guba)/Mitsubishi ufj financial group/French agricultural credit bank/Spanish foreign bank/Goldman sachs group/Agricultural bank of China(601288,guba)/Paris, France bank/British barclays bank/Japanese mizuho group/Morgan and jotham the company/Italian joint credit bank and sumitomo mitsui financial group,Commercial bank as the main business,In many financial business as auxiliary financial institutions have 18,They are in fact has become the gold control group.The investment bank Goldman sachs and Morgan Stanley business primarily although business scope are concentrated,But also has a number of professional subsidiary.Can say,The first 20 agencies without a still USES a single corporate system organization form,Take gold control model of financial institutions in quantity and weight clearly on the leading position.If you put on expanded to the top 100 institutions,Conditions are much the same.

　　资产结构考察 Assets structure investigation

　　金融业中，数量众多的中小金融机构，如中国的多数城市商业银行、村镇银行、中小券商，美国的信贷协会、储蓄银行等，采取单一银行制度，规模小、资产少，在资产总量上并不占据优势。大型机构数量少，但规模大、资产占比高。

Financial industry,A large number of small and medium-sized financial institutions,As China's most city commercial bank/Town bank/The small and medium-sized brokerages,The United States credit association/Savings bank, etc,Take a single bank system,Small scale/Assets less,In the total amount of assets not advantage.Large institution, the quantity is less,But large scale/Assets accounted for more than high.

　　2011年美国资产在1000亿美元以上的银行共有19家，占银行总数的0.3%，但资产总额高达7.2万亿美元，占银行资产总额的60%。欧洲主要金融机构如汇丰、德意志银行等早已是金控架构的金融机构，资产覆盖面70%以上。2009年日本银行业总资产9.8万亿美元，仅三菱日联、瑞穗和三井住友三大金融集团的资产合计4.77万亿美元，占比近50%，若加上前10家则超过70%。2011年中国银行业总资产113.3万亿元，其中程度不同地涉及综合经营的八大金融集团（中、农、工、建、交、国开行、中信、光大、平安）合计68.9万亿元，占比61%。

In 2011 the United States assets of more than us $100 billion in the bank has 19,Bank accounts for 0.3% of the total,But the total assets of $7.2 trillion,Bank accounts for 60% of the total amount of assets.European main financial institutions such as HSBC/Deutsche bank is already gold control framework of financial institutions,Assets more than 70% coverage.In 2009, Japanese banking total assets of 9.8 trillion dollars,Only mitsubishi ufj/Mizuho and sumitomo mitsui three big financial group's assets total 4.77 trillion us dollars,Accounted for nearly 50% ratio,If before and 10 is more than 70%.In 2011, China banking total assets of 113.3 trillion yuan,Different levels of land involved in comprehensive management of the eight big financial group(in/agriculture/work/built/into/Countries operation/citic/everbright/peace)Total 68.9 trillion yuan,Accounted for more than 61%.

　　作用与影响 Effect and influence

　　金融业态趋于综合化、多元化： Financial formats tend to be integrated/diversity:

　　金融业内部分工越来越细。金融业三大传统领域银行、证券、保险的行业内涵在发生深刻变化，资产管理、期货、基金、第三方支付等新型业态不断涌现，加速增长。这些变化部份地缘自金控机制下的综合经营并且进一步强化了后者的主流地位。金融机构在对规模经济、范围经济的双重追求中进一步实现资本、人才、技术整合基础上的组织变迁，综合化、多元化趋势下的金融混合体的内涵更加丰富。

The financial industry internal division of labor is more and more fine.The financial industry three traditional field bank/securities/Insurance industry connotation has undergone great changes,Asset management/futures/fund/The third party payment and so on the new format are constantly emerging,Accelerated growth.These changes part geopolitical since gold control mechanism of comprehensive management and further strengthen the mainstream position of the latter.Financial institutions in the economy of scale/Economies of scope in the double pursuit of further realized capital/talents/Integration of technology on the basis of organizational change,integration/Under the trend of diversification of financial mixture the connotation to be richer.

　金融竞争更具有垄断竞争的特征： Financial competition is more characteristic of monopolistic competition:

　　21世纪以来，大型金融机构间的强强联合趋势更为显著，金融业垄断竞争特征更加明显。经过并购与重组，日本金融业的竞争主要在三菱日联金融集团、瑞穗金融集团和三井住友金融集团三家银行集团间进行。法国巴黎银行由法国最主要的两家银行（巴黎国民银行与巴黎巴银行）合并而成，使法国金融机构市场集中度进一步提高。金融机构的兼并浪潮在金融危机之后更趋活跃。与传统观点相反，金融垄断竞争态势并未阻碍反而推动着金融创新和技术进步。

The 21st century,Large financial institutions the power-and-power union between the trend is more significant,The financial industry monopoly competition characteristics more apparent.After the merger and reorganization,Japan's financial industry competition mainly in mitsubishi ufj financial group/Mizuho group and sumitomo mitsui financial group three Banks between group.Paris, France bank by the French the main two Banks(Paris national bank, bank and Paris)Merge and become,Make the French financial institutions to further improve market concentration.Financial institutions in the financial crisis merger wave after more hasten is active.And traditional ideas instead,Financial monopolistic competition situation did not stop but promote the financial innovation and technology progress.

　　金融逐渐形成自循环系统，与实体经济关系发生变化： Financial gradually formed since the circulation system,And the entity economic relations change:

　　金融是经济发展的产物，始终以服务实体经济为最终目的。但金融业已迅速成长为与实体经济相对独立的经济范畴，逐渐形成相对完善、自我交易、自我循环系统。这一趋势改变着国际经济运行，也产生负面影响。2008年爆发的席卷全球的金融危机，很大程度上就是因为金融严重脱离实体经济、过分虚拟化泡沫化而造成的。

Finance is the outcome of the economic development,Always service entity economy as the final purpose.But financial has rapid growth of and entity economy is relatively independent economic category,Gradually formed relatively perfect/Self trading/Self circulation system.This trend is changing international economic operation,Also have a negative impact.In 2008 the outbreak of the financial crisis sweeping the globe,To a large extent is because financial serious from the real economy/Caused by the excessive virtualization frothy.

　　影响着国际政治格局： Influence international political pattern:

　　金融不仅是经济的血液，而且是社会、政治演化的重要变量；金融格局也是一种权利格局，具有重要的（正或负）外部性影响。在金融运行中处于主流地位的国际金融控股集团，以其严密的组织力量和雄厚的资本力量，成为国家间、地区间金融博弈的要角，参与甚至决定着国际利益集团的格局演变。世界政治与国际金融交互影响共同深处变局之中。

Finance is not only economic blood,Also the social/Political evolution of important variables;Financial pattern is also a kind of right pattern,Has important(Positive or negative)externalities.In the financial operation of the mainstream position in the international financial holding group,With its strict organization strength and abundant capital strength,Between countries become/Regional financial game to Angle,Participate in and even decide the international interest group pattern evolution.The world political and international finance interaction among the depths of common change.