每日经济新闻(博客,微博)记者 万敏 发自北京

Daily economic news(blog,Micro bo)Reporters from the Beijing WanMin

　　慢牛资本创始合伙人、董事张化桥，同时也是广东一家小额贷款公司的董事，他在11月20日的中国小微企业研究中心成立仪式上透露，广州花都万穗小额贷款股份有限公司的年化利率达24%。

Slow cattle capital founding partner/Director zhang change bridge,At the same time also is guangdong microfinance the directors of the company,He in the November 20, Chinese small micro enterprise research center ceremony was revealed,Guangzhou huadu graine small loan co., LTD., the annualised rate of 24%.

　　民生银行(600016,股吧)董事长董文标表示，该行的小微企业贷款平均利率水平在8.5%～9.5%，他认为张化桥透露的小贷公司利率水平“太高”。对于为小微企业提供金融服务的相关金融机构来说，这样的利率水平到底是高还是低？也许相关银行、小贷公司各自的说法更有说服力。

Minsheng bank(600016,guba)The chairman DongWenBiao said,The bank of small small enterprise loan interest rates in an average level of 8.5% ~ 9.5%,He thinks that a change bridge has revealed little credit company interest rates"Is too high".For small micro enterprise to provide financial services for related financial institutions,Such interest rate level exactly is high or low?Maybe related bank/Small credit company respective statement more convincing.

　　小贷利率居高难降 Small loan interest rates down in difficult

　　“小贷公司利率最高只能到基准利率的4倍，实际上我们的资金价格在经济下行期间并不是很多企业能承受的。”内蒙古东信小额贷款有限责任公司副总经理孙德林对《每日经济新闻》记者表示。

"Small credit company highest rate can only to the benchmark interest rate 4 times,In fact our funds price in the economic descending period not many enterprise can afford."Inner Mongolia DongXin small loan co., LTD., deputy general manager of SunDeLin[Daily economic news]reporters.

　　过高的利率水平，在经济下行周期中，导致企业缩减了融资需求。据张化桥透露，今年5~6月间，他的小贷公司有三分之一的钱 “闲着”。“现在略好了一些，但还是有些没有贷出去。”他对记者表示，利率高与经济环境的因素叠加导致这种情况出现。

High interest rates,In the economic down cycle,Reduction in enterprise financing demand.According to zhang change bridge has revealed,This year 5 ~ 6 month,His small loan companies have a third of the money "At a loose end"."Now slightly better,But there are still some no credit out."He told reporters,High interest rates and economic environment factors superposition lead to this kind of circumstance to appear.

　　实际上，小贷公司的利率水平介于银行与民间借贷之间。以温州地区为例，据温州市金融办公室主任张震宇透露，温州当地形成了4种利率水平，中小企业拿到银行贷款平均年化利率在1分（即10%）左右，小额贷款公司的利率为14%左右，当地建立的民间借贷登记中心的借贷利率平均在17%，民间自由借贷的年化利率为2分即（20%）。

In fact,Small credit company interest rates between the bank and the folk between lending.In wenzhou region as an example,According to wenzhou financial office director ZhangZhenYu revealed,Wenzhou local formed 4 kinds of interest rates,Small and medium-sized enterprise to get bank loans average annualised rate in 1 minute(Or 10%)around,Small loan company's interest rate is 14%,The establishment of local folk loan registration center lending interest rates in an average of 17%,Folk free lending annualised rate for 2 minutes namely(20%).

　　尽管银行的资金便宜，但能得到银行贷款的小微企业、个体经商户仍然是少数。有统计表明，中国只有35%左右的城镇小企业融资需求与15%左右的农村中小企业融资需求得到满足。

Although Banks' capital cheap,But can get bank loans to small micro enterprise/Individual JingShangHu is still a few.Statistics show that,China has 35% to control only the town of small business financing demand and 15% of the rural small and medium-sized enterprise financing demand satisfied.

　　“如果按照微型企业的标准一条一条比对，真正的微型企业贷款在银行贷款中的占比到不了5%。”全国工商联副主席庄聪生指出。

"If, in accordance with the miniature enterprise standard a a comparison,The real miniature enterprise loans in bank loans accounted for the than not to 5%."The national association of industry and commerce vice-president ZhuangCongSheng pointed out.

　　也就是说，大部分的小微企业仍在承受比较高的融资成本，而小贷公司和银行小微贷款业务的开展，将有助于减少他们的融资压力。

That is,Most of the small micro enterprise is still in the bear higher financing cost,And small loan companies and Banks small micro loan business development,Will help us to reduce their financing pressure.

　　不过，张化桥也谈到了小贷公司的困境，“年化利率24%，并不是我们心狠手辣。”小贷公司无法降低利率，因为降低利率会导致净资产回报率的降低，小贷公司资金成本过高，而经过研究发现这也是杠杆不够的原因，并且监管规定小贷公司从银行获得的融资比例不能超过净资产的50%。

but,Zhang change bridge also talked about the plight of small loan companies,"Annualised rate of 24%,And is not our heartless and cruel."Small credit company unable to lower interest rates,Because of lower interest rates will lead to reduce the rate of return on net assets of,Small credit company capital cost is too high,And through the study found that this also is lever not enough reason,And regulations small loan companies from bank get financing ratio should not exceed 50% of net assets.

　　在孙德林看来，小贷公司的贷款利率高主要原因是其资金成本太高，此外，小贷公司作为一种商业机构，由于要考虑股东回报，还不可能把利率降到客户可承受的水平。“我做过测算，如果银行给小贷公司基准利率的贷款，小贷公司的最高水平年息将仅有15%，对农牧民能做到10%左右，股东回报也能达到15%~20%左右。”

In SunDeLin seems,Small credit company's loan interest rate high main reason is the capital cost is too high,In addition,Small credit company as a commercial organizations,Due to consider shareholder returns,Also can't interest rates fell to customers can withstand level."I have been a measure,If the bank to small credit company benchmark interest rate loans,Small credit company to the highest level in annual interest will be only 15%,Farmers can do to around 10%,Shareholder returns can reach 15% ~ 20%."

　　小微企业融资尚难 Small micro enterprise financing is still difficult

　　近日，在一个关于小额贷款的行业论坛的间隙，一位小额贷款公司的负责人与中国人民银行的一位人士发生了争论。小额贷款公司负责人希望通过人民银行的人士能够反映更多小贷从业人员的诉求：统一的监管、给予金融机构的合法地位。

recently,In a on microfinance lending industry BBS clearance,A small loans in charge of the company and the people's bank of China a personage happened debate.Small loan company leaders hope through the people's bank of personage can reflect more small credit employees appeal:Unified supervision/Give financial institution legal status.

　　这位来自央行的人士则告诉他，监管有成本，小贷公司的定义就是一种工商企业，能不能经营下去完全要遵循市场规律。

The people from the central bank is to tell him,Supervision cost,Small credit definition of company is a business enterprise,Can not be able to run down completely should abide by the laws of the market.

　　没有金融机构的身份，小贷公司无法吸收存款，也不能享受金融机构的财税优惠政策。最重要的是，各地金融办的监管标准不统一，小贷公司难以建立统一的IT系统，加大了跨地区开展业务的难度。

Not the identity of the financial institutions,Small credit company cannot absorb deposits,Also can't enjoy financial institutions of finance and tax preferential policies.The most important thing is,All financial regulatory standards do not unified,Small credit company is difficult to establish unified IT system,Increased the difficulty of the cross-regional business.

　　“大银行服务大企业，中小银行服务中小企业，小型微型企业、农户的金融服务由小额贷款公司来做。如果金融体系分层这样建立起来将更为合理，政府监管部门如果对小贷公司持鼓励的态度，我们希望能有更多落到实地的措施。”一位小额贷款公司人士对《每日经济新闻》记者表示。

"Big bank service big enterprise,Small and medium-sized bank service small and medium-sized enterprise,Small miniature enterprise/The farmer's financial services by small loan companies to do.If the financial system stratification so set up will be more reasonable,The government supervision department if the small credit company hold encourage attitude,We hope that we can have more fell on field measures."A small loan companies to people[Daily economic news]reporters.

　　即使对于能通过吸收公众存款获得较低廉资金的商业银行来说，开展小微企业贷款融资也还有许多难点。

Even for can obtain by absorbing public savings relatively cheap money for commercial Banks,Carry out small small enterprise loan financing also have many difficulties.

　　“一段时间以来，融资难已向融资贵、融资慢逐步转变。”全国工商联副主席庄聪生指出，民营企业、小微企业的贷款成本除了常规利息之外，还包括贷款利率较基准利率的上浮，以及担保费、会计审计等中间费用，使得贷款总成本升至同期银行基准利率的三倍左右，加之部分银行采取票据贴现方式，贷款成本已经接近小额贷款公司利率。

"A period of time,Financing difficult already to financing your/Financing slow change."The national association of industry and commerce vice-president ZhuangCongSheng pointed out,Private enterprises/Small small enterprise loan cost in addition to conventional outside interest,Also includes loan interest rate is benchmark interest rate rise,And DanBaoFei/Accounting audit among such as cost,Make loans to the total cost of the bank for the same period of the benchmark interest rate three times the left and right sides,And part of the bank take note discount way,Loan cost is close to small loan companies rate.

　　实际上，在经济下行周期中，小微企业的经营风险更大，银行与小贷公司相比，不仅要对股东负责，还需对储户负责，在做高风险业务时，更要考虑其商业可行性。

In fact,In the economic down cycle,Small micro the management risk of the enterprise more big,Banks and small credit than the company,We should not only responsible for shareholders,Still need to responsible for the customer,Doing high risk business,More to consider its commercial feasibility.

　　民生银行行长洪崎在11月20日的发言中，总结该行的小微业务，依然强调 “坚持运用风险量化技术，建立差异化的信贷产品定价机制，实现价格覆盖风险，提高资本回报。”

Minsheng bank President HongQi on November 20, words,It summarized the small micro business,Still emphasize "Insist on using the risk quantification technique,Establish differentiated credit product pricing mechanism,Achieving price cover risk,Improve returns on capital."

　　上述小贷公司人士表示，希望能与商业银行形成批发与零售的关系，将贷款利率降下来，与客户共赢。但他透露，从去年开始，一些地区的银监局甚至以非正式的方式通知银行，收紧向小贷公司的放款。

The small credit company say,Hope to commercial Banks to form the relationship between wholesale and retail,The loan interest rate drop down,And win-win.But he said,Since last year,Some areas of the CBRC or even to informal way to notify the bank,Tightening lending to small company's loan.

　　除了资金成本，经营环境与配套设施的缺失也加大了小贷公司的经营难度。

In addition to fund cost,Business environment and facilities have also increased the lack of small credit company's management difficulty.

　　张化桥总结自己的小贷公司经营后认为，有两个基础设施没有做好，一个是IT系统不行，贷款还需要放贷员去客户那里，一家家实地去看。一个是广东省还不能用人民银行的征信系统，对企业的信用情况考察使得无数的小贷公司和银行做重复的事情。

Zhang change bridge summarize their own small business credit company after think,There are two infrastructure is not ready,A is IT system no,Loans also need to lending member to customers there,YiGuGu field to see.One is guangdong province still can't use people's bank reference system,To the enterprise credit situation investigation makes a myriad of small loan companies and Banks do repeat things.

　　“整个社会还有没有可能建立一个第三方的商业化的征信系统？”张化桥提出了这样的想法。

"The whole society and it is impossible to build a third party of commercial credit reporting system?"Zhang change bridge puts forward this idea.

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"Order yue 2013" [Daily economic news]Big to subscribe to the activities,DingBao polite.http://www.nbd.com.cn/corp/2013dingyue/index.html